廣西南寧市高考英語 完形填空、閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題（2）.doc

南寧市2014高考英語完形填空、閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題（2）及答案閱讀理解專題*推理判斷一、題型特點(diǎn)與解題技巧這類題屬于主觀題，是層次較高的設(shè)題。它包括判斷和推理題。這兩類題常常相互依存，推理是為了得出正確的判斷，正確的判斷又依賴于合乎邏輯的推理。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(paraphrase)或綜合。題目數(shù)量分布均勻，并且設(shè)題時(shí)往往和事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)相連。常見的題干有：1) it can be inferred from the text that.2) we can conclude that.3) when the writer talks about., what he really means is that.4) which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 判斷題考查學(xué)生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，對不同觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評價(jià)和判斷的能力。推理題考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力。1) 判斷有據(jù), 推論有理, 忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接選取文中的原句或?qū)ξ闹凶髯置娼忉尅?注意點(diǎn)：1.如果是對某段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推斷，那么只需看題干要求的段落即可。 exchange a glance with someone, then look away. do you realize that you have made a statement? hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. it can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. a. every glance has its significance b. staring at a person is an expression of interest c. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable d. a glance conveys more meaning than words 2. 選項(xiàng)措詞過于絕對化的，一般不是答案項(xiàng)。 i recently visited a great little college in new york where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. i talked with an african american who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.it can be inferred form the passage that_. a. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity b. american political circles will not accept diversity c. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the u.s media d. diversity can result in better management. 3.合乎常理，意義深刻，或符合一般常識的選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)，而照抄原文或?qū)ξ闹凶髯置娼忉尩膭t不是答案。the illegal killing of rhinos(犀牛) for their horns is increasing in africa and asia. rhinoceros poachers(偷獵者)are killing an estimated two to three of the rare animals each week.the estimate for zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. the situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. in the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges outo f forty-one arrested. not all the news is bad, however, rhino populations are increasing in some areas. these include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in africa. wildlife activities are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching. we can infer from the passage that _. a. the protection of rhino in zimbabwe once got improved in the 1990s b. only wildlife activists are responsible for the protection of rhinos c. the number of the rhinos is getting bigger in some areas. d. illegal hunting of rhinos can only be forbidden when governments act whats the tone of the passage? a. negative b. objective c. worried d. positive 4.弄清主題意思。在處理與全文主旨有關(guān)的題時(shí)，或處理與文章首尾有關(guān)的推論題時(shí)，一定要放慢速度將各段，尤其是全文首尾句意讀懂，再快速閱讀其他部分。 you can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. the life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. but some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an n.b.d. those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. in this paragraph, the author tells us that_. a. difficulties are but part of everyones life b. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life c. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances d. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellencethe year 2009 is the year of ox. the ox is a representative of the farming culture of china. in the farming economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)), oxen are the major animals pulling plows (犁)of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. in fact, they are seen as “boats_on_land” for their ability to carry loads. besides, the whole body of an ox is full of treasures. their meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. with all these qualities, oxen are regarded as generous creatures.in the past, oxen played an important role in the spiritual life of the chinese. even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities. for example, some people who live in southwest china will cook cattle bone soup and share it among family members when holding the ceremony for children who reach 13. they believe that the cattle bone soup represents the blood relationship among family members. in order to express their love for oxen, people in some other areas will run to shake off diseases on the 16th day of the first month by the lunar calendar (農(nóng)歷), and during their run they will take their oxen along，which indicates they regard the creature as human.because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the chinese people are very grateful to the animal. in addition, the use of oxen in ceremonies and the thanks people owe to oxen help to develop various traditional customs, which becomes an important part of the folk culture of the chinese nation.語篇解讀牛年說牛，文章介紹了有關(guān)牛的一些民間文化。1the words “boats on land” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to_.a. animals for taking goodsb. creatures for pulling plowsc. treasures of the folk cultured. tools in the farming economy解析猜測詞義題。由第二段中的“they are seen as.ability to carry loads”內(nèi)容可以得出答案，介詞for是對前面作解釋說明：為什么牛被看成陸地之舟。答案a2from the third paragraph, we know that_.a. oxen are no more important today than in the pastb. ceremonies are held when people cook cattle bone soupc. oxen are treated as human in some areas of chinad. people run with oxen to shake off diseases every month解析理解判斷題。由文章第三段的首句以及最后一句內(nèi)容可得出答案。答案c3which of the following helps to develop traditional customs?a. the special role of oxen in farming.b. people s respect and love for oxen.c. the practical value of an oxs body.d. the contribution of oxen to the economy.解析細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由文章最后一段最后一句話可得出答案。答案b4why does the author write the text?a. to stress the importance of oxen in farming.b. to introduce the chinese folk culture.c. to describe how to celebrate the year of ox.d. to explain how to develop agriculture with oxen.解析寫作意圖題。由文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是為了介紹有關(guān)牛的一些民間文化。答案b。*結(jié)束完形填空-【解決方案與復(fù)習(xí)指南】正如人們在看某個(gè)物件時(shí)，如果看不清的話就要站開點(diǎn)，而不是靠近，考生需要跳出當(dāng)句，前后聯(lián)系，正確辨析同義或近義詞以及常用詞匯的辨析。如：【例】 the first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. if you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals(彩排), or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part of the writing_50_.what is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the outoftown previews that many broadway shows go through? the answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, _51_revising. andrew lloyd webbers musical phantom of the opera underwent such a process.when lloyd webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, exciting production. however, when phantom opened in london in 1986, the audience saw a moving psychological love story set to music. the musical had_52_several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming and makeup(戲服和化妝). for instance, lloyd webber_53_some of the music because the phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certain sounds.when you revise, you change aspects of your work in_54_to your evolving purpose, or to include_55_ideas or newly discovered information.revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment._56_， it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way. even your decision to_57_topics while prewriting is a type of revising. however, dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows_58_. always make time to become your own_59_and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. reviewing your work in this way can give you_60_new ideas.revising involves_61_the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts and ideas you present. when you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom you are writing: is my main idea or purpose_62_throughout my draft? do i ever lose sight of my purpose? have i given my readers all of the_63_that is, facts, opinions, inferencesthat they need in order to understand my main idea? finally, have i included too many_64_details that may confuse readers？ 50a.technique bstyle cprocess dcareer解析：本題考查名詞辨析，參照下文的“andrew lloyd webbers musical phantom of the opera underwent such a process.”和“however, dont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage”。名詞technique(技術(shù))；style(風(fēng)格)；career(事業(yè)、生涯)都不符題意。答案：c51a.in particular bas a result cfor example din other words解析：本題考查介詞短語辨析，前面adding, deleting, replacing, reordering等各種工序，這些都能籠統(tǒng)地被稱為“修訂(revise)”所以revising和這些名詞同義；介詞短語in other words表示“換句話說”。介詞短語in particular(尤其、特別表強(qiáng)調(diào))；as a result(因此，表結(jié)果)；for example(例如，表舉例說明)都不符題意。答案：d52a.undergone bskipped crejected dreplaced解析：本題考查動詞辨析，動詞skip(跳遠(yuǎn))；reject(拒絕、抵制)；replace(取代)都不符題意。人們觀看的是完美的表演，但表演之前作品經(jīng)歷了(undergo)多次修改，與上段的“andrew lloyd webbers musical phantom of the opera underwent such a process.”對應(yīng)。答案：a53a.rewrote breleased crecorded dreserved解析：本題考查動詞辨析，動詞release(釋放、赦免、發(fā)行)；record(記錄、錄音)；reserve(保留、預(yù)訂)都不符題意。動詞rewrite表示“重寫、修改”，與動詞revise同義，與本篇文章話題相關(guān)。答案：a54a.addition bresponse copposition dcontrast解析：本題考查介詞短語辨析，介詞短語in addition to表示“而且；除之外還有”；in opposition to表示“與的意見相反”，in contrast to表示“與形成對比”，都與本題不符。in response to(作為對的反應(yīng))在本句表示“你修改作品是對你想改進(jìn)作品目的的一種回應(yīng)”。答案：b55a.fixed bambitious cfamiliar dfresh解析：本題考查形容詞辨析，fresh ideas與后面的newly discovered information對應(yīng)。答案：d56a.however bmoreover cinstead dtherefore解析：本題考查副詞辨析，副詞moreover(而且)類似于but also，表遞進(jìn)含義，與前面句not just (only)呼應(yīng)。副詞however(然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)；instead(作為替代、反而，表相反含義)；therefore(因此，表原因)