英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文-非貨幣交易中換入資產入賬價值的研究.doc

此文檔收集于網絡，如有侵權，請聯(lián)系網站刪除 本科生畢業(yè)設計(論文)中文題目： 非貨幣交易中換入資產入賬價值的研究 英文題目： Study of Recorded value of Non-monetary Exchange 學生姓名：學號： 學院：國際教育學院 專業(yè)：英語（國際會計） 指導教師姓名及職稱： 完成時間： 2011年4月30日 江西師范大學教務處制獨創(chuàng)性聲明本人聲明所呈交的學位論文是我個人在導師指導下進行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。盡我所知，除文中已經標明引用的內容外，本論文不包含任何其他個人或集體已經發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。對本文的研究做出貢獻的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律結果由本人承擔。學位論文作者簽名：日期： 年 月 日 Contents Abstract4中文摘要5Introduction61 The Basic Concepts of Non-monetary Exchange61.1 Non-monetary transaction61.2 The type of non-monetary exchange71.3 The theoretical basis of measurement of non-monetary transaction82 Comparison of non-monetary transaction82.1 The analysis of Chinas accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assets82.2 The analysis of international accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assets103 The accounting treatment of Chinas non-monetary transactions-case study124 On Suggestions that the implementation and improvement of methods for measurement of assets144.1 Perfect for measuring the relevant criteria of assets144.2 Improve the economic environment of measurement of the assets164.3 Improve the professional knowledge of accounting practitioners164.4 Strengthen the audit and supervision of the recorded value of the swap-in assets17Conclusion18Bibliography19Acknowledgements20AbstractJanuary 1, 2007 listed companies since the first implementation of the Enterprise Accounting Standards - Non-monetary assets, the asset swap on the recorded value of assets for the recognition and disclosure provisions made more comprehensive. However, the specific implementation in the enterprise, there has been inadequate definition of related concepts, measurement standards and obscure. Non-monetary assets due to exchange, for the measurement of assets recorded value is the key to the accounting treatment. This measurement model of listed companies on the recorded value of the assets and profit and loss impact analysis to understand the recorded value of the assets received ambiguous status of measurement standards, through the comparison between Chinese and foreign standards, points out the existence of the fair value guidelines the limitations of incomplete applications, and a complete set of guidelines for measuring and improving the balance of the assets of the economic environment to enable enterprises to more accurately confirm the recorded value of the assets.【Key words】Non-monetary assets；The assets；fair value 中文摘要 本文對上市公司計量模式關于換入資產入賬價值及當期損益的影響的分析，了解了我國換入資產入賬價值計量標準模糊的現狀，通過中外準則的相互對比，指出了我國準則中存在的公允價值應用不完善的局限，并提出完善我國換入資產計量準則和改善我國換入資產的經濟環(huán)境，以使企業(yè)更加準確的確認換入資產的入賬價值?！娟P鍵字】非貨幣性資產，換入資產，公允價值IntroductionIn a market economy, with the rapid development of Chinas securities market and changing the way of business, more and more non-monetary transactions developed, they are through the exchange of non-monetary assets to meet their business needs.Exchange with non-monetary assets reflected in the behavior of mutual transfer.But for the determination of the value of assets has been recorded in the change and how to determine more effective for the recorded value of assets is important, thus inhibiting the operation profits, reducing the fair value of the arbitrary manipulation. Based on this, the discussion about China accounting standards and international accounting standards on the recorded value of the swap-in asset proof Chinas listed companies for the case of measurement of assets. Finally, the paper highlighted the suggestions about how to improve and strengthen the measurement of swap-in asset, further improve the professional knowledge of employees, and strengthen the recorded value of swap-in assets for the audit and supervision. So that the exchange of non-monetary assets become more perfect, and the guidance for non-monetary assets recorded value of swap-in assets become more accurate.1 The Basic Concepts of Non-monetary Exchange 1.1 Non-monetary transactionNon-monetary assets is the key parties to the transaction to inventory, fixed assets, intangible assets and long-term equity investments and other non-monetary exchange of assets. The exchange does not involve, or involves only a small amount of monetary assets (premium).Monetary assets is a kind of asset that an enterprise will be charged assets with fixed or determinable amount of money, including cash, bank deposits, accounts receivable and notes receivable and bonds held to maturity investments.Non-monetary assets, means any assets other than monetary assets.Sometimes non-monetary transactions may involve a small amount of monetary assets. It does not mean that non-monetary transactions do not involve any monetary assets. If only involved a small amount of monetary assets, they are still a non-monetary assets exchanged. If the payment of monetary assets accounted for the proportion of the fair value of assets (or the total fair value of the assets surrendered and payment of monetary assets and the ratio) less than 25% (including 25%), are regarded as non-monetary transactions; If this ratio exceeds 25% (excluding 25%), are regarded as monetary transactions.1.2 The type of non-monetary exchangeExchange with non-monetary assets will be reflected in the behavior of mutual sale. Various types of transactions are carried out by enterprises in the produce process, according to the nature of transactions can be divided into reciprocal transfer and non-reciprocal transfer. Reciprocal transfer, is a business and another exchange between enterprises, the result is the enterprise in exchange for the assets at the expense of the assets .Non-reciprocal transfer is one-way transfer of assets from a business sale to its owner or other enterprise, or by the owner or other business transfer to the enterprise. Talking about here refers only to non-monetary transactions of non-monetary assets, which is the reciprocal transfer. Non-reciprocal transfer of the transaction does not have commercial substance，it is not included in the non-monetary transactions.1.3 The theoretical basis of measurement of non-monetary transactionGuidelines distinguish between non-monetary transactions of similar and different asset classes, and take the measure of book value and fair value respectively, which published in 1998；The criterion for non-monetary transactions was revised in2001, and it only takes measure of book value. New standard of non-monetary assets is consistent with the old one in the standard of the definition of non-monetary assets and determine matters of non-monetary asset exchange .The main difference is the introduction of new guidelines for the fair value are regarded as the basic measurement of the recorded value of swap-in assets, and the exchange of non-monetary assets gains and losses recognized in different ways. The book value of swap-out assets was regarded as recorded value of the swap-in assets in the old criteria. The new standard requires non-monetary transactions are satisfied the follows: if the transaction is commercial in nature and in or swapped-in or out for at least one of the two assets can be reliably measured the fair value, the fair value of the assets as the recorded value of swap-in assets. If it does not meet two conditions, the book value of swap-out assets regarded as recorded value of the swap-in assets.2 Comparison of non-monetary transaction2.1 The analysis of Chinas accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assetsChinas current accounting standards is officially launched the non-monetary assets of 38 new accounting standard by Ministry of Finance on February 5, 2006 that requires implementation of the listed company since January 1, 2007. Under the new guidelines, non-monetary assets in different conditions, were used to measure the fair value or book value, and different ways of measuring the cost of the assets decide non-monetary asset exchange gains and losses recognized in different ways.If the transaction is commercial in nature and in or swapped-in or out for at least one of the two assets can be reliably measured the fair value, the change should be measured based on the fair value of assets and related taxes to be paid, The difference between the fair value and book value of assets surrendered into profit or loss. If the exchange does not meet the above two conditions，the change should be measured based on the fair value of assets and related taxes to be paid, and it does not recognize gain or loss .1fair value2 The difference between the fair value and book value of assets surrendered into profit or loss.(1)is commercial in nature(2) Can be reliably measured at fair valueAbove can be expressed as figure 1:Recorded value of the assetsN1 at book value2 does not recognize gain or lossY figure1In the fair value mode, no matter how much the book value of swap-out assets, as long as the fair value of swap-out and in assets can keep unchanged, and the recorded value which measured by fair value held constant, thus it can better reflect the real value of the assets. In the book value method of Old standards and new standards, because of the depreciation policy or provision for impairment of preparing for a different make changes in book value of assets, and the recognized recorded value of swap-in assets along with the change, which is obviously do not match the actual situation.2.2 The analysis of international accounting standards on the measurement requirements of swap-in assetsSo far, Very few countries and regions have the special provisions of non-monetary exchange, and International Accounting Standards Board also States Accounting Principles Board (APB) and the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) make more mature and more clear rules in non-monetary transactions.U.S. GAAP to non-monetary transactions in the specification focused on Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 29 - Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions and interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards Board No. 30 - forced conversion of non-monetary assets the monetary assets of the accounting treatment. The U.S. Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 29 - Accounting for Non-monetary Transactions (APB29) to define non-monetary transactions involve little or no monetary assets or liabilities related to non-monetary exchange and non-reciprocal transfer .U.S. standards require that: To different categories of non-monetary assets, not covered by the premium, the recorded value of the swap-in assets in exchange for the fair value of the swap-out assets to measure, and the difference between the swap-out assets book value and fair value is recognized in profit or loss. If you need to pay a premium, in exchange for the fair value of swap-out assets plus the amount of premium as the recorded value of the swap-in assets, and the difference between the fair value of swap-out assets and book value is recognized in profit or loss. When there is a premium charge, in exchange for the difference between the fair value of swap-out assets and the value after charged the premium as the recorded value of the swap-in assets, and the difference between the swap-out assets book value and fair value is recognized in profit or loss.Our guidelines provide: When enterprises in non-monetary transactions, they should in exchange for the book value of swap-out assets plus related taxes as the recorded value of the swap-in assets. When there is a premium charge，if they pay the premium, they should regard book value of swap-out assets and premium plus the related taxes to be paid as the recorded value of swap-in assets; if they receive the premium, they should recorded by the following formula to determine the value of assets and income should be recognized:recorded value of the swap-in assets =book value of swap-out assets-（premium/fair value of swap-out assets）book value of swap-out assets+ taxes payableprofit should be recognized=premium-（premium/ fair value of swap-out assets）book value of swap-out assetsIf exchange several assets at the same time, the assets should be record the proportion of fair value of assets and the total, and allot the total book value of swap-out assets and the relevant payable taxes ,to determine the book value of assets.This shows that, the U.S. has priority to regard the fair value of swap-out assets as the recorded value of swap-in assets. What the theory base of U.S. standards is that since the earning process of different types of non-monetary transactions over, it should use the same currency denominated transactions, which means that the recorded value of the swap-in assets should be calculated in the value of the swap-out assets, because the monetary transaction value is based on valuation of assets sold, the different types of non-monetary transactions should also be in accordance with the rule that the value of swap-in assets be calculated in the fair value of swap-out assets. However, the criteria in our country to some extent in order to plug the loopholes that the listed companies use non-monetary transactions to make false report forms and profit. In these circumstances，the book value of assets are not in accordance with the fair value is a common phenomenon, if use the book value as a valuation basis, obviously can not truly reflect the financial situation. Especially when the fair value of the swap-out assets less than its book value, if book value is still higher as the recorded basis for accounting of swap-in assets, and does not confirm the difference between the swap-out assets book value and fair value, then it will lead to overestimation of corporate assets. Treat like this, it obviously violate the principle of prudence of accounting. If when the fair value is less than book value, the assets still record in book value, the account is large and the assets is actually little, although the assets are overestimated in Non-monetary transactions, assets will be impaired when they evaluate assets again late, thus lead to the enterprise assets in peaks and valleys in the short term, and it is not in line with the accounting principle of consistency.3 The accounting treatment of Chinas non-monetary transactions-case studyBoth in principle-oriented criteria for non-monetary assets and rules-oriented criteria for non-monetary assets, listed companies may manipulate profits.Chifeng Fulong Thermal Power Corporation Board of Directors considered and approved the motion on the companys major assets replace the related transactions, and approved company signed an assets swap agreement with Inner Mongolia Industrial Group Co., Ltd in the may 24, 2010. According to the agreement, Fulong Thermal Power and Industrial Group to be a major asset replacement, then swap Non-ferrous metal mining and smelting into asset classes，and swap out all assets and liabilities apart from 0.75% shares of commercial banks and 3.33% of China Credit Trust stake; Fulong buy the part of swap difference from xingye group by the way of putting out shares. The audit, valuation date of the transaction is the December 31, 2009. The swap-in assets to be placed in cost method, the final assessed value 1,398,540,362.98 yuan, and the swap-out assets to be evaluated using the cost method to assess the value of 1,145,466,585.71 yuan. The assessment of the related assets has been approved by Chifeng Municipal Economic Commission. The official valuation of assets to be put into 1,398,540,400 yuan. The difference between the formal report and estimates is 41045.96 million yuan, the main causes of difference is the difference between mining rights s in the assessed value. If the accounting treatment under the new guidelines, by the non-monetary exchange, the Chifeng Fulong Thermal Power Co., Ltd. will be added there part of the value of assets into current income, so that substantial growth in profits.According to the case studies we know that, the oriented change of Non-monetary exchange accounting standards, and it will not result in the ratio of unqualified audit report sharp increase in listed company. But the way listed companies use non-monetary asset exchange to earning will be changed. According to accounting standard-setting-oriented theory, under the oriented accounting standards, the listed company designed to bypass the standard to manipulate profit; Under the principles-oriented accounting standards, the listed company use the space that the standard gives to the professional accountant to manipulate profit. The application of existing accounting standards to the valuation of listed companies has brought new changes and challenges. New guidelines make a lot of the listed company that have a purpose to increase the value of investment projects can recognize gains and losses in non-monetary transactions with commercial real, eliminate the problem of just swap by book value and can not confirm the loss in the old guidelines. Although the non-production and non-management project will take a huge risk for shareholders, the money actually be reflected from the book, and to shareholders is undoubtedly beneficial. What the impact of the implement of non-monetary exchange guidelines is the impact of the measurement model of the non-monetary for profit and loss of the recorded value of swap-in assets. Our current criteria have the following two problems:First, the fair value creates some space for earning management. There are two exchange modes in new guidelines on non