教師 lesson 1 詞匯 前綴 記憶.doc

Vocabularies Lesson 11. 詞根詞綴法-根據單詞構詞結構（參見第三章）2. 聯想記憶法-根據單詞拼寫、發(fā)音特點聯想（參見文中表示）3. 同義、近義記憶法-根據相同或相近意思注意積累記憶（參見文中=表示）4. 反義記憶法-根據單詞正反義雙向記憶（參見第四章）5. 模糊記憶法-根據外形相似的特點總結區(qū)分記憶（參見第三章-詞根例詞等）6. 分類記憶法-根據單詞含義分類為不同領域范圍（參見第六、七章）7. 短語記憶法-根據單詞固定搭配，以詞組記憶（參見第八章）u 音標講解u 單詞構成要素（一）-前綴 prefixu 練習u Homework 一、音標（一）發(fā)音的重要性一旦單詞發(fā)音不準，直接影響聽力、口語方面的發(fā)展；還會影響單詞拼寫的正確率（二）國際音標1. 元音 Vowell 12個單元音a: are car far e yes yellow bed ae cat bad dad pot got dog : call tall or cut nut but mother color cooler : curtain further furi ink big pig i: jeep tea eat u good book look u: cool zoo tooll 8個雙元音ei age eight make ai ice bike nice i toy oil boy u old joke gold au cloud mouth cow air fair chair i ear near year u poor tour 2. 輔音 Consonantsl 10個清輔音p pot pig put people piano t tooth teacher tea table taskk cake keep cat cup capf father fat foot full fit eighth forth tenth eleventh ninths small study bus yes mustts students coats catstr tree truck train tram cash bush shake shoe shipt chair chicken lunchl 10個濁輔音b book bag big job bear but d dog dig duck dad double g grandpa girl green good god v five very vent drive vary those these that this therez jazz zoo zero clothes zig dz beds odds codes dr dress drink drain measure pleasure leisure d jack job changel 其他8個輔音h hello hurry heym mum moon morning n moon nut needle l look leg lake ink link ring r rain radio room j yellow yes you w window wake week 二、前綴 prefix -改變單詞詞義 1. 表示否定意義的前綴（1）純否定前綴l a-, an-amateur n 業(yè)余愛好者 a業(yè)余的；非專業(yè)的anonymous a 匿名的 asocial a 不好社交的l dis-,dif- dishonest a 不誠實的dislike a 不喜歡的e.g: You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice.disabled a 殘廢的；無能的e.g: Charity shops raise more than $10 million a year, funding medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people and much more.disadvantage n 不利；缺點=spot=demerit=defect=shortcoming advantage n 有點；優(yōu)勢=merit advance n/v 前進；提升e.g: There are advantages and disadvantages with emails.disagree v 不同意；不適宜e.g: I disagree with this view。 disagreement n 不同意；意見不同disappointment n 失望disappearance n 消失；不見disaster n 災難=catastrophe=calamity klmtidiscount n 折扣discourage v 使泄氣；使氣餒e.g: Another practice that discouraged maternal英mt:nl（母親的） attachment （依戀，依附，附屬物）was tightly wrapping （包裹）infants.discrimination n 歧視 discriminate between 區(qū)分 discriminate against 歧視distinguish v 區(qū)別；鑒別 distinction n 區(qū)別；級別；特性=feature=specialty=uniquee.g: Over the course of training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds of an increasing faster speed.distribute v 分發(fā)；分派；散布 （distribution 分配，分布）l in-, ig-, il, im, irincapable a 無能力的inability n 無能impossible a 不可能的 immoral a 不道德的illegal a 不合法的irregular a 無規(guī)律的incorrect a 不正確的innocent a 無辜的；無惡意的irrational a 不理性的inexact a 不精確的independent a 獨立的；不依靠的informal a 不正式的injustice a 不公正的=biasimbalance n 不平衡impolite a 無禮貌的l neg-neglect v 忽視；忽略=ignorel non-none pron 無任何東西或人，無一人non-stop a 不停的；不斷的non-violent a 無暴力的nonsense a 無意義的nonsmoker n 不吸煙的人l un- unable a 不能的；不會的e.g: To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax-this has become the model of a success life.uncertain a 不確定的；無常的unbreakable a 不能被打破的unbelievable a 不可信的unrest n 不安的狀態(tài)，動蕩的局面unlike a 不同的；不相似的e.g: Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur （英dans:(r) 恐龍、落伍的人）scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents.unfortunate a 不幸的；不適宜的；不吉利的 n 不幸之人uncomfortable a 不舒服的unconscious a 失去只覺得=senseless unemployment a 失業(yè)；失業(yè)率undivided a 分不開的；專一的；專心的undo v 解開；松開unfair a 不公平的；不公正的unfit a 不合時宜的；不相配的unfold v 拆開（fold折疊）unhealthy a 不健康的unimportant a 不重要的unknown a 不知道的unless conj 除非；如果不unmarried a 未婚的；獨身的unpleasant a 令人不愉快的unrest a 不安全的；危險的unsuccessful a 不成功的；失敗的untrue a 不真實的；假的unusual a 不平常的；異常的unwilling a 不情愿的（will愿意的）（2）表示錯誤；壞；不良l male-, mal-malfunction n 故障；失靈maladjustment n 失調；不適應malformation n 畸形（formation n.形成; 構成，結構; 形成物; 編隊，隊形;）maltreat v 虐待（abuse 虐待）malnutrition n 營養(yǎng)不良l mis-mistake v 把誤認為mislead v 誤導misspell v 拼錯misread v 看錯；拼錯misuse v 誤用；錯用misunderstand v 誤解（3）表示反動作；除去；向下l de-decline v下傾；下降e.g: Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computes games.decrease v 減少；下降=reduce=go down=declineincrease n/v 增加；增大；上升=go up=rise=climbe.g: Love is like the moon, when it does not increase it decreases. （愛情就像月亮,不盈則缺.）deposit n堆積物；存款；押金 v存放；堆積；沉淀deposition n沉積作用；沉積物possess v占有；擁有e.g: When it comes to friends, I desire （渴望; 希望; 要求; 請求;n.欲望; 愿望; 希望; 請求）those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me.defeat n/v 擊敗e.g: Convert defeat into victory. 反敗為勝。defend v防護；辯護e.g: America, who will defend parks against encroachment (侵入，侵占，侵蝕;)?debate n/v 爭論；辯論bat n蝙蝠；球棒declare v 斷言；宣稱e.g: The Tasmanian（塔斯馬尼亞的） Government has declared daylight saving （日光節(jié)約時間）each summer since 1968. delay v 耽擱；延遲delete v 刪除 delight v 使快樂e.g: Im delighted with my new friend.deliver v 遞送；陳述；釋放e.g: Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia （英g:di:ni） 梔子花was delivered to my house. deliberate a 深思熟慮的develop v 發(fā)展e.g: Science can provide an exciting way to develop childrens curiosity. separate a 分開的 v 隔離e.g: We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew （grow的過去式）out of a train whistle（火車的汽笛）.（4）表示相反、相對立l anti-, ant- 反對，逆，阻止antibody n 抗體antonym n 反義詞 英ntnmantiwar a 反戰(zhàn)的antifascist a/n 反法西斯的(者)antislavery a反對奴隸制的anti-aging a 防衰老的l contra-, contre-, contro-contrary a 相反的 n 反面 英kntrrie.g: To a crazy ship all winds are contrary. 對于一個失去方向的般來講，任何方向的風都是逆風。l ob-, oc-, of-, op-obey v服從；順從observe v. 觀察；監(jiān)視；觀測obtain v 獲得；得到obvious a. 顯然obtain v 獲得obstacle n 障礙；妨害物l with-withdraw v 收回；取回；撤出withstand v 經受；承受2. 表示空間位置，方向關系的前綴l by- 附近，鄰近，邊側bypath n 辟徑；分支bypass v 避開；繞過byproduct n 副產品bygone a 過去的；已往的；過去的(不愉快的)e.g: Im willing to let bygones be bygones. 我愿意捐棄前嫌。l circum-,circu-周圍，環(huán)繞，回轉circulate v 使流通；使運行；使循環(huán)e.g: Blood circulates through the body.circumstance n 環(huán)境；詳情；境況e.g: We have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while. l ex-, ec-, es-外部，外exact a 正確的；嚴密的e.g: The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines are all shut off at once. expense n 費用；代價e.g: Whether you spending of saving for something special, creating a budget can help you deal with expenses and plan for the future.exchange v 交換；調換e.g: We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction （交易、業(yè)務）fee of 2.62%. exhibition n 表現；展覽會；展覽品prohibit v 禁止；阻止=inhibite.g: This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. e.g: Smoking is prohibited. 禁止吸煙。expand v 使膨脹；擴張；張開e.g: As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.experiment n 實驗；試驗=trialexperience n 經驗；體驗expert n 專家=specialiste.g: Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. explode v 使爆炸e.g: If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. expedition n 遠征；探險隊e.g: In 2001, after becoming a skill skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition to the North Pole. explore v 探險；探測；探究e.g: Here are the things you can think of: the desire to explore a foreign and unique environment, the excitement of being the first humans to open up a new world, the expectation of fame and glory.expose v 使暴露;揭露=reveal=unfolde.g: The surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation. evaluate v 評價；估計escape n 逃亡；逃跑 e.g: The whole family narrowly escaped from the air accident. e.g: Little thieves are hanged, but great ones escape. 竊鉤者誅，竊國者侯。excellent a 卓越的；極好的extreme a 盡頭的；極端的supreme a 極度的；極大的e.g: Because of the extreme fire danger, campfires are not allowed except l extra-額外extraction n 提取extraordinary a 離奇的；使人驚奇的l fore- 前，先fore- 前，先forehead n 前額foresee v 預見foretell v 預言=predictforefeel v預感forecast n 預報 broadcast v 廣播forefather n 祖先forerunner n 祖先forebear n 祖先forefront n 最前方；最前線forefinger n 食指l in-, il-, im-, ir-向內，在內，背于insert v 插入；嵌入 n. 插入物e.g: insert a key into a lock injure v 損害；傷害 v 傷害injury n 傷害；侮辱inspire v 吸氣；鼓舞；感動 v 賦予靈感spirit n 精神；靈魂；勇氣insure v 確保e.g: insure ones house against fire impress v ??；蓋印；留下印象express a 急速的；特殊的；明確的 n. 快車；快遞 v 表達e.g: No matter how famous the products origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities. improve v 改善；改進prove v 證明；證實=atteste.g: It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world. immigrate v 移居；遷入migrate v 移動；移往；遷徙e.g: His father and mother immigrated when he was two.immediately adv 立即；馬上；直接地irrigate v 灌溉；修水利l inter-, intel-在間，相互interview v/n 接見；會見international a 國際的interpersonal a 人與人之間的interact v 互動；相互影響l medi-, med-, mid-中，中間medieval a中世紀的 medii:vlmedium n中間；介質；媒介medium n. 中等的mid-autumn n 中秋midday n 中午；正午middle n 中間；當中；中級的Middle East n 中東midnight n 午夜l out-在上面，在外部，在外outcome n 結果outdoors adv 在戶外；在野外outer a 外部的；外面的outline n 輪廓；要點output n 輸出；產量outside n 外面 ad 在外面；向外面 prep 在外面outstanding a 杰出的；突出的outward(s) adv 向外的；外出的l over- 在上面，在外部，向上over prep 在上方；越過；遍及 adv 翻倒；遍布；越過；結束overcoat n 大衣overcome v 戰(zhàn)勝；克服=conqueroverdue a 過期的overdo v 做過頭；表演過火overhead a 在頭頂上的；架空的overlook v 俯視；忽略overweight a 超重的l post-向后postpone v 推遲；拖延postscript n 附言（post向后+script寫在后面寫字附言；后記）l pro-,pre-,pri-,pur-向前，在前protest v 反對=objectproject n計劃=planproclaim v 宣布proud a 驕傲的；受尊敬的preface n.序言prefix n 前綴premature a不成熟的；比預期早的prime a 最佳的；首要的 n質數；盛年purpose n 目標=object=goalpursue v追；跟隨=followl sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus-在下面，下subway n 地鐵substitute n 替代的人或物suppose v 推想；假設e.g: A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” （獨角獸）horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.英ran 犀牛 support v 支撐；支持；支援=assiste.g: The theory is supported by the fact that, so far, none of the stolen cars have been returned. l sur-,sp-超過surrounding n 圍繞物；環(huán)境 a 周圍的surplus n 剩余；過剩 a 過剩的survive v 幸免于；幸存；生還vivid a 生動的；鮮明的e.g: Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive. superior n 長者；高手；上級 a 較高的=senior；上級的；出眾的e.g: It is the general rule, that all superior men inherit the elements of superiority （優(yōu)越、傲慢）from their mother.superman n 具有超人能力的人；超人l trans-轉移，移上，變化transport v 傳送；運輸=delivertransform v 轉換；改變=alter=changee.g: Theyve transformed the old train station into a science museum.e.g: E-mail has transformed the way people communicate.transplant v移植；移種transaction n.交易；交流=communicationtransparent a透明的；顯而易見的l under-在下，在內under adv/prep 在下面；向下面underground a 地下的 n 地鐵=subwayunderline v 劃線；強調=emphasisunderstand v 懂得；明白；理解understanding n 領會； 理解undertake v 承擔underwear n 內衣l up- 在上 uphold v舉起=lift=elevate；支持=supportupdate v 更新upon prep 在上面upper a 較高的；較上的upset a 心煩的；苦惱的upstairs adv 在樓上；到樓上upward(s) adv 向上；往上3. 表示時間，序列關系的前綴l re-再，又，重新remove v 移動；拿走；脫掉衣服等e.g: Remove your hook （溝、圈套）quickly. react v 起反應e.g: I had seen people reacted to AIDS. recover v 重新獲得；恢復e.g: Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch. recycle v 使再循環(huán)e.g: Even when the bottles are recycled，there are all kinds of other consequences of swallowing bottled water reduce v 減少；縮小e.g: Environmental friendly cars can help reduce pollution and save energy. remind v 提醒；使想起e.g: Though the reason for building the tower was a strange, sad story, those who see its breath-taking beauty are reminded of the happiness that inspired its construction. represent v 表現；描繪；代表representative n 代表a 有代表性的e.g: Scotland is represented by a unicorn. 蘇格蘭以獨角獸為象征。e.g: Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. request v 請求；要求rescue v/n 援救；營救e.g: He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Departments north station. restrict v 限制；約束=constraine.g: If you restrict something, you put a limit on it in order to reduce it or prevent it becoming too great. For example: The French restrict Japanese imports to a maximum of 3 per cent of their market.retire v 退休；引退e.g: I am still competing at a very high lever, but as I get older things get harder and I want to retire before I fall apart（崩潰）. refresh v 使精神振作refreshment n 點心；飲料fresh a 新鮮的e.g: Christie looked refreshed and happy. 4. 表示共同，相等意思的前綴l com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 共同，一起concentrate v 集中=focuse.g: I cant concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.confirm v 確定=assert；批準=approve；firm n 公司 a 結實的 v 使牢固；使堅定 e.g: Youll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. consequence n 結果content n. 內容；容量 a 滿足的 v 使?jié)M足e.g: Content is better than riches. 知足常樂。contribute v 捐助；捐獻tribute n 貢品；禮物damage n 損害；傷害 v 招致損害contract；契約， 合同compete v 比賽；競爭competence n 能力=faculty=aptitude=abilitye.g: Several companies are competing against each other for the pensate v 償還；補償；付報酬e.g: Nothing can compensate for the loss of ones health. compromise v 妥協(xié)；折衷e.g: A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit. correspond v 符合；協(xié)調e.g: When you send a fax you are sending a copy of a piece of correspondence （n.對應; 一致，符合; 通信，信件）to someone by telephone service. 5. 表示分離，離開意思的前綴l a-, ab-, abs-分離；離開abolish v 廢止；廢除(法律、制度、習俗等)abandon v 放棄遺棄=discardabortion n 流產=miscarriage；墮胎；失敗abundant a 豐富的；充裕的=adequateabuse v 濫用；妄用；虐待 drug abuse 濫用藥品abroad adv 往國外；到處e.g: He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. absent a 缺席的；缺少的absence n. 缺席；缺乏absorb v 吸收；吸引sorb v 吸附；吸收e.g: In the 1800s, service work also absorbed a great number of women who arrived in the cities from the country. l se-分開，分離separate v分隔；分散=disperseselect v 選擇=choose=elect a精選的6. 表示通過，遍及意思的前綴l per-, pel-通，總，遍percent n 百分之percentage n 百分率perfect a 完美的persist v堅持不懈；持續(xù)perspective n 透視畫法；看法perform v 履行；表演；完成任務performance n 執(zhí)行；成績；性能；表演e.g: In these cases, women could do farm work or hand work, and perform home duties such as child care and preparation of meals at the same time. permanent a 永久的permission n 允許；許可；同意permit v 許可；允許；執(zhí)照=license n. 許可證person n 人=human=mankindpersonal a 個人的=individual；私人的personnel n 人員；人事部門personally adv 就自己而言persuade v 說服；勸說7. 表示加強意思的前綴l a-使得，趨向狀態(tài)asleep a 睡著的；睡熟的alike a 相同的；相似的awake a 警覺的；醒的 v 覺醒；領會alive a 活著的；活潑的amuse v 使發(fā)笑；使愉快amusement n 娛樂=entertainment=recreation；消遣；娛樂活動muse v 沉思e.g: She makes great efforts to amuse students interest in literature. arise v 出現；發(fā)生；起因于rise v 上升；上漲e.g: Many great men have arisen from humble beginnings. e.g: Early to bed, early to rise, make a man healthy, wealthy and wise.ashamed a 慚愧的；羞恥的e.g: Women feel so ashamed and sorry when they do something for themselves. accustomed a 通常的；習慣的custom n 習慣；風俗customer n. 消費者customs n 進口稅=tariff；海關e.g: Once is no custom. 一次不成例。accelerate v 加速；促進=promotecelebrity n 名人accommodation n 住處；膳宿measure n 尺寸；量度器；方法=method=approach v 測量accompany v 陪伴；伴奏company n 公司；陪伴companion n 同伴；共事者accumulate v 積聚；堆積account n. 計算；帳目 v 說明；總計有accountant n 會計員；會計師e.g: The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money to cover it. l ad-使得adjust v 調整；調節(jié)=adaptjust a 正義的；公正的adopt v 采用；收養(yǎng)option n 選項；選擇權adequate a 適當的；足夠的equal a 相等的；均等的 n 相等的事物 announce v 宣布；通告pronounce v 發(fā)音；宣告 approve v 贊成；滿意e.g: She doesnt want to take her new boy-friend home in case her parents dont approve of him. approach n 接近；方法；途徑 v 接近approximately adv 近似地；大約e.g: The global energy crisis is approaching. appeal n 請求；呼吁；要求 v 求助；要求 peal n 隆隆聲applaud v 拍手喝彩；稱贊=acclaim；贊同applause n. 鼓掌歡迎；歡呼arrest v 逮捕=arrest；吸引 n 逮捕association n 協(xié)會；聯合=ally=unionasset n. 資產；有用的東西attempt n. 努力；嘗試；企圖 v 嘗試；企圖temptation n 誘惑；誘惑物tempt v 誘惑；引誘；吸引=seduce=induce=lure=capturee.g: Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fear silence. appoint vt. 約定, 指定（時間、地點），任命appointment n. 約會, 指定e.g: We must appoint someone to act as secretary. arrange v 安排, 協(xié)商arrangement n 排列；安排e.g: arrange the books on the shelves attack n 進攻；攻擊 v 攻擊=assault8. 表示變換詞類作用的前綴l be-because conj 因為become v 變得；成為befall v 降臨；發(fā)生behalf n 代表=for the sake ofbehave v 守規(guī)矩；行為behavior n 行為；舉止beloved a被深愛的belief n 信條；信念believe v相信；認為belong v 屬；附屬below prep 在下面beside prep 在旁邊；靠近besides prep 除以外還有betray v 背叛9. 表示數量關系的前綴l uni-, un-一，同uniform adj. 統(tǒng)一的, 相同的 n. 制服union n. 聯合, 合并, 聯盟, 協(xié)會e.g: Union is strength.unit n 個體uni