高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)：狀語(yǔ)從句(1).doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除狀語(yǔ)從句種 類從屬連詞例 句說(shuō) 明時(shí)間狀從whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.when指的是“某一具體的時(shí)間”whenever指的是“在任何時(shí)間”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. when意為“這時(shí)”或“在那個(gè)時(shí)候”,表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時(shí)，另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。這種用法的when分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenHe usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? 盡管，雖然，既然，鑒于，如果whileWhile it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.while指“在某一段時(shí)間里”，“在期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列連詞，表示相對(duì)關(guān)系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.While 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于although，但一般位于主句之前。While there is life, there is hope.While引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于as/so long as,翻譯成“只要”asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生As I get older, I get more optimistic.兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，有“隨著”的意思，表時(shí)間的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.一邊一邊As he was going out, it began to rain.強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生。As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.as+名詞，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句beforeA.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.BWe waited a long time before he came out.We hadnt waited long before he came out.C He died before he wrote a will.D he sun had set before we knew it. Leave me before I changed my mind. Id die before I apologized to them. Get out before I call the police.往往表示主句的動(dòng)作先于從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，“在之前”，A.“ 才”（強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、舉例很長(zhǎng)或花費(fèi)的力氣很大。）B.“就”（強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、舉例短或花費(fèi)的力氣很大。）C“還沒(méi)有”“免得”“不知不覺(jué)”“寧可、寧愿”“否則，要不然”It will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It wont be long before we meet again.It+（not）be+some time+before從句?？隙ň渲校岸嚅L(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后才”；否定句中，“用不了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就”afterHe arrived after the game started.until/till We waited till (until)he came back .如主句動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，常用肯定式，表示“直到為止”She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前不”,從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，一般用untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.狀語(yǔ)從句在主句之前時(shí)一般用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)，如從句在主句之后則不必用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.I have written home but once since I came here.since后是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，則時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起。He has written to me frequently since he was ill.since后是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，則時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短語(yǔ)或從句，如果從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“做某事已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”；如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“不做某事已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。需要注意主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)的一致性。一就Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意義相當(dāng)于as soon as,但只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句為過(guò)去時(shí)，如hardly或no sooner位于句首時(shí)語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，而且主句的謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝。一就Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.Next time you come ,youll see him.有些名詞或副詞可以起連詞的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly, as soon as, once等。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，不能用將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，而要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison.on doing sth.或on ones +名詞地點(diǎn)狀從wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.where與wherever意義基本相同，但后者語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。where表示特定的地點(diǎn)，wherever表示非特定的地點(diǎn)。原因狀從becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on dutybecause用來(lái)回答why 的問(wèn)題，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)not becausebut because 不是因?yàn)槎且驗(yàn)閜artly because 部分是因?yàn)閎ecause because of sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meetingsince表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首forHe must be ill, for he is absent today.不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，用于表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明理由。asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.As 語(yǔ)氣最弱，其原因只是對(duì)結(jié)果的附帶說(shuō)明。從句常放在句首，說(shuō)明原因，主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果，常用于口語(yǔ)中。now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.Now(that) everybody is here, lets begin.seeing (that), now that, considering that和since, as 意義相似，他們都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思，that可以省去in that中that不能省略。now that用來(lái)說(shuō)明一種新情況，然后加以推論，位于句首時(shí)，that 可以省略。目的狀從thatso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.目的狀語(yǔ)從句中常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在動(dòng)詞之前，從句往往放在主句之后，主從句之間不用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)in case Take your raincoat in case it rainsHe left early in case he (should) miss the last train.In case “以防”后面的從句可以使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，或使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，還可以和其他的目的狀語(yǔ)從句一樣，有一個(gè)表推定性的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，in case從句可使用should，但should也可以省略。結(jié)果狀從so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.so that前有逗號(hào)為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句sothat的so后面跟形容詞或副詞suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.suchthat的such后面跟名詞，如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a /anthat還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用sothat，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)條件狀從ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asonceDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.In case I forget, please remind me about it So far as I know, the book will be published next month.unless從句的謂語(yǔ)只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同義，unless是書(shū)面語(yǔ)，ifnot是口語(yǔ)，通常二者可以換用條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)suppose/supposing (that)假定provided/providing (that) ;on condition (that) 在條件下，以為條件Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.Ill allow you to go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the bank.方式狀從asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you Do as you are told.She looks as if she is ill.He acted as if (though) nothing had happenedThey treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.此處as譯為：按照或正如as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣。從句中可以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示可能符合事實(shí)，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣as it is/wasI thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.Leave it as it is. 用于句首時(shí)，用來(lái)陳述真實(shí)的情況，可以翻譯為“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是”；用于句末時(shí)，常表示“按原來(lái)的樣子，照現(xiàn)在的樣子”，若前面的名詞委復(fù)數(shù)，則應(yīng)改為as they are/were。as it wereHe is, as it were, a walking dictionary.The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.用作插入語(yǔ)，表示“仿佛，好像，可以說(shuō)是”，不能改為as it is (was)讓步狀從althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.在句子中一般用了“雖然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以與yet或still連用。though / although意義相同，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if, even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.even if 和even though的意思為“即使”“縱使”有退一步設(shè)想的意味，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.as引出的狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，它比用though或although引導(dǎo)的從句，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，更有表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how)Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter與 who-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句意義基本一 樣，no matter引導(dǎo)的從句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.短語(yǔ)“盡管”In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we