Unit 3 Fairness for all 導學案 3.doc

Unit 3 Fairness for all 導學案單詞典句考點Boycott n. 抵制；排斥【經典例句】 Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr, announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天我們去教堂做禮拜，在那里馬丁路德金牧師宣布拒乘公共汽車和電車的行動明天開始?！究键c聚焦】 1) boycott用作名詞時，后面常跟介詞 of 或against。2) 還可用作及物動詞。如:boycott a meeting 拒絕出席會議Prohibit v.禁止；阻止【經典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金鼓勵我們與這種禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭?！究键c聚焦】 1) 固定搭配: prohibit sth./sb.(from doing sth.)2) 類似的搭配還有:stop sb./sth.(from)doing.；prevent sb./sth.(from)doing.；forbid sb to do.；keep sb./sth. from doing 使不做；阻止發(fā)生【活學活用】 1.完成句子1) 禁止大聲喧嘩。Noises _.答案：are prohibited 2) 什么也不能阻止我們到那兒去。Nothing will _.答案：prohibit us from going there Offence n. 冒犯；違法行為【經典例句】 It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law, we receive a heavy punishment.如果我們坐在公共汽車前部，就被認為是一種違法行為；如果我們違反這項法律，就會受到嚴懲?！究键c聚焦】 1) 用作名詞時，后面可跟 against，表示“犯罪”；也可跟to，表示“令人不快的事物”。注意以下詞組:give/cause offence to someone得罪某人；使某人不悅；take offence at sth.對某事不悅2) offend 是動詞形式，主要義項有:犯罪；做錯事；冒犯；使某人不快?！净顚W活用】 2.用以上所學詞的適當形式填空1) He committed several serious _.2) Do you think he took _ at what I said about his hair?3) I think she was a bit _ that she hadnt been invited to the party.答案：1) offences 2) offence 3) offendedSubmit v. 服從；順從【經典例句】 The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused.另外三個人服從了，但羅莎不愿意這樣做，因而她拒絕了。【考點聚焦】 1) submit 還可表示“遞交，呈遞”，常用搭配形式為:submit sth to sb。2) 其名詞形式為submission，形容詞形式為submissive?！净顚W活用】 3.單項填空1) She _ her parents decision at last.A. submitted B. submitted withC. submitted toD. submitted on答案：C 2) He submitted _ the report _ the matter _ the committee.A. to; on; to B. /; about; onC. to; about; withD. /; on; to答案：D March vi, 進軍；前進【經典例句】 Taxis passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement.當我們步行者走在人行道上時，滿載乘客的出租車從旁邊駛過?！究键c聚焦】 1) march還可用作名詞，主要義項有: 行軍；前進；游行(尤指示威游行)；進行曲。大寫March為“三月”。2) 常用搭配：a ten-mile march十英里行軍；a peace march 為爭取和平的游行；military marches 軍隊進行曲【活學活用】 4.單項填空1) Our country benefits a lot from the _ of science.A. marchB. developC. resultD. origin答案：A 2) The enemy was _ the march at last.A. inB. onC. with D. by答案：B Salute v. 行李； 致敬；敬禮【經典例句】 Those in the cars waved and we saluted them back.車里的人們向我們揮手，我們向他們致意。【考點聚焦】 salute還可用作名詞，其義項有:舉手禮；敬禮；招呼；致意。如:He gave a smart salute.他利索地敬了一個禮?！净顚W活用】 5.翻譯句子1) They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute._答案：他們在墓旁脫帽默哀。2) We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace._答案：我們?yōu)槟趯で蠛推椒矫孀鞒龅牟恍概ο蚰硎揪匆?。battle n. 戰(zhàn)役， 戰(zhàn)爭【經典例句】 In court we won a fundamental victory in the battle for our civil rights.在法庭上，我們贏得了爭取民權斗爭的基本勝利?！究键c聚焦】 還可用作動詞，意為“斗爭；搏斗；奮斗”。常用的表達方式為:battle with/against sb./sth. for sth.短語典句考點seize on 抓??；利用【經典例句】 King and the other black leaders in Montgomery have seized on this incident and decided on a collision course to change the law.金和蒙哥馬利市的其他黑人領袖利用這個事件，決定通過一個沖突進程來改變法律?！究键c聚焦】 1) 注意該詞組的另一種形式:seize upon。2) 相關詞組:seize up卡住，無法轉動【活學活用】 6.用所學詞組的適當形式填空1) She had always wanted to go to London, so she _ the offer of a free trip.答案：seized on 2) The traffic _ for miles because of the road works.答案：had seized up live out 活過；實踐【經典例句】 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”我有一個夢想，那就是有一天這個國家會站立起來，并實現其信條的真諦:“我們認為人人生而平等這個真理是不言而喻的?！薄究键c聚焦】 以live為中心的其他詞組:live for sth.以某事物為生活目標；live on繼續(xù)存在或生活；live on sth. 以為食，靠生活；live through sth. 經歷某事物而幸存；live up to sth.依照某事物行事，表現出符合某事物的標準【活學活用】 7.用所學詞組的適當形式填空1) He has _ two wars.答案：lived through 2) She _ her dream by devoting her whole life to the education.答案：lived out 3) The concert was brilliantit _ all our expectations.答案：lived up to Transform. into. 把變成/變?yōu)椤窘浀淅洹?I have a dream that one day the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis offreedom and justice.我有一個夢想，那就是有一天甚至密西西比州也將變成自由和正義的綠洲。【考點聚焦】 記住類似形式的詞組:o.; o.; o.【活學活用】 8.完成下列句子1) Can you think of a way _(將這塊布由黑色變成紅色)?答案：to transform the black cloth into red 2) Have you seen the process by which caterpillars(毛蟲) _(變?yōu)楹??答案：are transformed into butterflies fight against 與斗爭【經典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system.金博士鼓勵我們反對這一不公正的制度?！究键c聚焦】 以fight 為中心的其他詞組:fight for sth. 為而戰(zhàn)斗；fight back 回擊，反擊，抵抗；fight sth. back/down 克制、抑制；fight sb./sth. off 抵抗或擊敗某人/某事物；fight sth. out 通過斗爭使得到解決【活學活用】 9.用所學詞組的適當形式填空1) Only by working together can we _ the bird flu.答案：fight off 2) Its a long way for the women to _ the same right as men.答案：fight for judge.by.依據判斷【經典例句】 I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character.我有一個夢想，希望有一天我的四個孩子將在一個不是以他們的膚色，而以他們的品德優(yōu)劣來評價他們的國度里生活?！究键c聚焦】 該詞組常以分詞的形式出現，即judging from/by=to judge by “由觀察；由判斷”，在句中作狀語。難句剖析拓展Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, announced that a boycott of buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天，我們去教堂做禮拜。在那里，我們的牧師，馬丁路德金宣布明天開始抵制公共汽車和無軌電車?！酒饰觥?1) where引導定語從句，修飾church。2) that從句為定語從句中的賓語從句。3) Martin Luther King作our minister的同位語?！就卣埂?同位語常位于名詞或代詞后，前后用逗號分開。Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金博士鼓勵我們與禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭?！酒饰觥?) which引導的是定語從句。2) where引導的是狀語從句，修飾sitting。The success of the Montgomery bus boycott began the Civil Rights Movement that led to the improvement of conditions for black people in education, housing, jobs, voting, and hotels throughout the USA.蒙哥馬利市抵制公共汽車運動的勝利，揭開了民權運動的序幕，這改善了全美黑人在教育、住房、就業(yè)、選舉等方面的狀況?！酒饰觥?) that引導定語從句，that在定語從句中作主語；2) lead to導致，帶來，引起?！就卣埂?注意lead to為動介詞組，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.我有一個夢想:夢想有一天，我的四個孩子能生活在一個不以膚色差別，而以品德優(yōu)劣來評判他們的國度里?！酒饰觥?1) that引導同位語從句說明dream的具體內容；2) where引導定語從句，修飾nation；3) not.but.意為“不是而是”，連接兩個并列結構，but后承前省略了be judged?！就卣埂?1) 引導同位語從句的that不能省略。2) not.but.可以連接兩個并列主語、謂語、賓語、表語、狀語等。With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.有了這個信念，我們將一起工作，一起祈禱，一起抗爭，一起坐牢，一起維權，因為我們知道我們總有一天會獲得自由。【剖析】 1) with this faith 在句中作狀語，放在句首是為了強調。2) knowing及其引導的賓語從句作原因狀語?！就卣埂?為了強調句子的某一部分，可以將它放到句首。語法剖析活用動詞的時態(tài)本單元重點復習動詞的時態(tài)。具體時態(tài)變化見下表(以動詞do 為例)一般時進行時完成時完成進行時現在時do/doesis/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing過去時didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing將來時will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing過去將來時would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing注意以下兩組時態(tài)的區(qū)別:1.一般過去時和過去完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時是對現在說話時刻而言的，過去完成時則是對過去某一時間而言。兩種時態(tài)建立的時間參照點不同。過去完成時的時間狀語常用by和because 引導的短語表示。2.過去完成時與現在完成時的區(qū)別兩種時態(tài)都常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。現在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現在或同現在有關的動作(句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語)，而過去完成時表示的是在過去某時之前已經完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作(句中有表示過去特定時間的狀語)。【活學活用】 10.單項填空1) When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before.A. never sawB. had never seenC. never seesD. has never seen答案：B前面的句子使用了過去時態(tài)，而before則表示時間是在“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。2) I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _?A. Has it all been finished B. as it all finished C. Has it all finishedD. Did it all finish答案：A句子的語言環(huán)境是現在時態(tài)。it指coffee，故用被動語態(tài)。問句關心的是現在還有沒有coffee，要用完成時態(tài)。3) The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever had D. had ever had答案：C前面的句子使用了現在時態(tài)，而before則表示時間是在“過去”，側重于對現在的影響，故用現在完成時。4) Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be callingB. will callC. callD. am to call答案：Bwill 表示主觀意愿。5) Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A. arent；areB. arent；wereC. werent；areD. werent；were答案：Ctoday表明第二個空使用現在時態(tài)。又因為全句是把不同時期的continents位置對比，所以選C項。6) By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left答案：Cby短語常與完成時連用，gets home 是用現在表將來，所以主句用將來完成時。7) Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. workB. workingC.is workingD. are working答案：C謂語要與前面的主語一致?，F在進行時表示現階段正在進行的動作。8) Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had satC. had been