Unit 3 Fairness for all 導(dǎo)學(xué)案 3.doc

Unit 3 Fairness for all 導(dǎo)學(xué)案單詞典句考點(diǎn)Boycott n. 抵制；排斥【經(jīng)典例句】 Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, Jr, announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天我們?nèi)ソ烫米龆Y拜，在那里馬丁路德金牧師宣布拒乘公共汽車(chē)和電車(chē)的行動(dòng)明天開(kāi)始?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1) boycott用作名詞時(shí)，后面常跟介詞 of 或against。2) 還可用作及物動(dòng)詞。如:boycott a meeting 拒絕出席會(huì)議Prohibit v.禁止；阻止【經(jīng)典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金鼓勵(lì)我們與這種禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭(zhēng)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1) 固定搭配: prohibit sth./sb.(from doing sth.)2) 類(lèi)似的搭配還有:stop sb./sth.(from)doing.；prevent sb./sth.(from)doing.；forbid sb to do.；keep sb./sth. from doing 使不做；阻止發(fā)生【活學(xué)活用】 1.完成句子1) 禁止大聲喧嘩。Noises _.答案：are prohibited 2) 什么也不能阻止我們到那兒去。Nothing will _.答案：prohibit us from going there Offence n. 冒犯；違法行為【經(jīng)典例句】 It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law, we receive a heavy punishment.如果我們坐在公共汽車(chē)前部，就被認(rèn)為是一種違法行為；如果我們違反這項(xiàng)法律，就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)懲?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1) 用作名詞時(shí)，后面可跟 against，表示“犯罪”；也可跟to，表示“令人不快的事物”。注意以下詞組:give/cause offence to someone得罪某人；使某人不悅；take offence at sth.對(duì)某事不悅2) offend 是動(dòng)詞形式，主要義項(xiàng)有:犯罪；做錯(cuò)事；冒犯；使某人不快?！净顚W(xué)活用】 2.用以上所學(xué)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) He committed several serious _.2) Do you think he took _ at what I said about his hair?3) I think she was a bit _ that she hadnt been invited to the party.答案：1) offences 2) offence 3) offendedSubmit v. 服從；順從【經(jīng)典例句】 The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused.另外三個(gè)人服從了，但羅莎不愿意這樣做，因而她拒絕了?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 1) submit 還可表示“遞交，呈遞”，常用搭配形式為:submit sth to sb。2) 其名詞形式為submission，形容詞形式為submissive?！净顚W(xué)活用】 3.單項(xiàng)填空1) She _ her parents decision at last.A. submitted B. submitted withC. submitted toD. submitted on答案：C 2) He submitted _ the report _ the matter _ the committee.A. to; on; to B. /; about; onC. to; about; withD. /; on; to答案：D March vi, 進(jìn)軍；前進(jìn)【經(jīng)典例句】 Taxis passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement.當(dāng)我們步行者走在人行道上時(shí)，滿載乘客的出租車(chē)從旁邊駛過(guò)。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1) march還可用作名詞，主要義項(xiàng)有: 行軍；前進(jìn)；游行(尤指示威游行)；進(jìn)行曲。大寫(xiě)March為“三月”。2) 常用搭配：a ten-mile march十英里行軍；a peace march 為爭(zhēng)取和平的游行；military marches 軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行曲【活學(xué)活用】 4.單項(xiàng)填空1) Our country benefits a lot from the _ of science.A. marchB. developC. resultD. origin答案：A 2) The enemy was _ the march at last.A. inB. onC. with D. by答案：B Salute v. 行李； 致敬；敬禮【經(jīng)典例句】 Those in the cars waved and we saluted them back.車(chē)?yán)锏娜藗兿蛭覀儞]手，我們向他們致意。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 salute還可用作名詞，其義項(xiàng)有:舉手禮；敬禮；招呼；致意。如:He gave a smart salute.他利索地敬了一個(gè)禮?！净顚W(xué)活用】 5.翻譯句子1) They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute._答案：他們?cè)谀古悦撁蹦А?) We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace._答案：我們?yōu)槟趯で蠛推椒矫孀鞒龅牟恍概ο蚰硎揪匆?。battle n. 戰(zhàn)役， 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)【經(jīng)典例句】 In court we won a fundamental victory in the battle for our civil rights.在法庭上，我們贏得了爭(zhēng)取民權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)的基本勝利?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 還可用作動(dòng)詞，意為“斗爭(zhēng)；搏斗；奮斗”。常用的表達(dá)方式為:battle with/against sb./sth. for sth.短語(yǔ)典句考點(diǎn)seize on 抓??；利用【經(jīng)典例句】 King and the other black leaders in Montgomery have seized on this incident and decided on a collision course to change the law.金和蒙哥馬利市的其他黑人領(lǐng)袖利用這個(gè)事件，決定通過(guò)一個(gè)沖突進(jìn)程來(lái)改變法律。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】 1) 注意該詞組的另一種形式:seize upon。2) 相關(guān)詞組:seize up卡住，無(wú)法轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)【活學(xué)活用】 6.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1) She had always wanted to go to London, so she _ the offer of a free trip.答案：seized on 2) The traffic _ for miles because of the road works.答案：had seized up live out 活過(guò)；實(shí)踐【經(jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，那就是有一天這個(gè)國(guó)家會(huì)站立起來(lái)，并實(shí)現(xiàn)其信條的真諦:“我們認(rèn)為人人生而平等這個(gè)真理是不言而喻的?！薄究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 以live為中心的其他詞組:live for sth.以某事物為生活目標(biāo)；live on繼續(xù)存在或生活；live on sth. 以為食，靠生活；live through sth. 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存；live up to sth.依照某事物行事，表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)【活學(xué)活用】 7.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1) He has _ two wars.答案：lived through 2) She _ her dream by devoting her whole life to the education.答案：lived out 3) The concert was brilliantit _ all our expectations.答案：lived up to Transform. into. 把變成/變?yōu)椤窘?jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that one day the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis offreedom and justice.我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，那就是有一天甚至密西西比州也將變成自由和正義的綠洲?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 記住類(lèi)似形式的詞組:o.; o.; o.【活學(xué)活用】 8.完成下列句子1) Can you think of a way _(將這塊布由黑色變成紅色)?答案：to transform the black cloth into red 2) Have you seen the process by which caterpillars(毛蟲(chóng)) _(變?yōu)楹??答案：are transformed into butterflies fight against 與斗爭(zhēng)【經(jīng)典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system.金博士鼓勵(lì)我們反對(duì)這一不公正的制度?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 以fight 為中心的其他詞組:fight for sth. 為而戰(zhàn)斗；fight back 回?fù)?，反擊，抵抗；fight sth. back/down 克制、抑制；fight sb./sth. off 抵抗或擊敗某人/某事物；fight sth. out 通過(guò)斗爭(zhēng)使得到解決【活學(xué)活用】 9.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1) Only by working together can we _ the bird flu.答案：fight off 2) Its a long way for the women to _ the same right as men.答案：fight for judge.by.依據(jù)判斷【經(jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character.我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，希望有一天我的四個(gè)孩子將在一個(gè)不是以他們的膚色，而以他們的品德優(yōu)劣來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)他們的國(guó)度里生活?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】 該詞組常以分詞的形式出現(xiàn)，即judging from/by=to judge by “由觀察；由判斷”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。難句剖析拓展Today we went to church where our minister, Martin Luther King, announced that a boycott of buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天，我們?nèi)ソ烫米龆Y拜。在那里，我們的牧師，馬丁路德金宣布明天開(kāi)始抵制公共汽車(chē)和無(wú)軌電車(chē)?！酒饰觥?1) where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾church。2) that從句為定語(yǔ)從句中的賓語(yǔ)從句。3) Martin Luther King作our minister的同位語(yǔ)?！就卣埂?同位語(yǔ)常位于名詞或代詞后，前后用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金博士鼓勵(lì)我們與禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭(zhēng)?！酒饰觥?) which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。2) where引導(dǎo)的是狀語(yǔ)從句，修飾sitting。The success of the Montgomery bus boycott began the Civil Rights Movement that led to the improvement of conditions for black people in education, housing, jobs, voting, and hotels throughout the USA.蒙哥馬利市抵制公共汽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)的勝利，揭開(kāi)了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的序幕，這改善了全美黑人在教育、住房、就業(yè)、選舉等方面的狀況?！酒饰觥?) that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)；2) lead to導(dǎo)致，帶來(lái)，引起?！就卣埂?注意lead to為動(dòng)介詞組，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想:夢(mèng)想有一天，我的四個(gè)孩子能生活在一個(gè)不以膚色差別，而以品德優(yōu)劣來(lái)評(píng)判他們的國(guó)度里?！酒饰觥?1) that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明dream的具體內(nèi)容；2) where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾nation；3) not.but.意為“不是而是”，連接兩個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)，but后承前省略了be judged?！就卣埂?1) 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that不能省略。2) not.but.可以連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.有了這個(gè)信念，我們將一起工作，一起祈禱，一起抗?fàn)?，一起坐牢，一起維權(quán)，因?yàn)槲覀冎牢覀兛傆幸惶鞎?huì)獲得自由?！酒饰觥?1) with this faith 在句中作狀語(yǔ)，放在句首是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。2) knowing及其引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ)?！就卣埂?為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一部分，可以將它放到句首。語(yǔ)法剖析活用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)本單元重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。具體時(shí)態(tài)變化見(jiàn)下表(以動(dòng)詞do 為例)一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesis/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing將來(lái)時(shí)will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing注意以下兩組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別:1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)是對(duì)現(xiàn)在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻而言的，過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言。兩種時(shí)態(tài)建立的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用by和because 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)表示。2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別兩種時(shí)態(tài)都常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動(dòng)作(句中不可有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ))，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過(guò)去某時(shí)的動(dòng)作(句中有表示過(guò)去特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ))?！净顚W(xué)活用】 10.單項(xiàng)填空1) When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before.A. never sawB. had never seenC. never seesD. has never seen答案：B前面的句子使用了過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，而before則表示時(shí)間是在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。2) I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _?A. Has it all been finished B. as it all finished C. Has it all finishedD. Did it all finish答案：A句子的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。it指coffee，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。問(wèn)句關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)在還有沒(méi)有coffee，要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。3) The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A. was havingB. haveC. have ever had D. had ever had答案：C前面的句子使用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，而before則表示時(shí)間是在“過(guò)去”，側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。4) Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.A. will be callingB. will callC. callD. am to call答案：Bwill 表示主觀意愿。5) Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A. arent；areB. arent；wereC. werent；areD. werent；were答案：Ctoday表明第二個(gè)空使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。又因?yàn)槿涫前巡煌瑫r(shí)期的continents位置對(duì)比，所以選C項(xiàng)。6) By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left答案：Cby短語(yǔ)常與完成時(shí)連用，gets home 是用現(xiàn)在表將來(lái)，所以主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。7) Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. workB. workingC.is workingD. are working答案：C謂語(yǔ)要與前面的主語(yǔ)一致?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。8) Whats wrong with your coat? Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me _ on it.A. sat B. had satC. had been