動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式.doc

動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式在上個(gè)單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，今天我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式?？匆豢?請(qǐng)看下列句子，看看動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式在各句中作什么成分。1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didnt mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?講一講 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)（如句1）、作賓語(yǔ)（如句2）、作定語(yǔ)（如句3）、作狀語(yǔ)（如句4和句5）。此外，動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式還可以在句中構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你會(huì)聽到到處都在討論這個(gè)問題。He often watched the boats being unloaded. 他常?？摧喆敦洝s we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子時(shí)我們看到正在蓋新房。此外，在want, need, deserve, require等動(dòng)詞后，盡管表示的是被動(dòng)含義，我們卻用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。如：My pen needs filling. 我的筆該上墨水了。The point deserves mentioning. 這點(diǎn)值得提一下。This problem requires studying with great care.這問題需要仔細(xì)研究。在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣：Her method is worth trying. 她的方法值得試一下。練一練 將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 他受不了別人那樣開他的玩笑。2. 這問題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有解決。3. 沒有誰(shuí)請(qǐng)他做，是他自己做的。4. 在動(dòng)手術(shù)之前你不能吃任何東西。5. 既然已做出了決定，下個(gè)問題就是如何制定一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃。Key:1. He could not bear being made fun of like that. 2. This question is far from being settled. 3. He did it without being asked. 4. You cant eat anything before being operated on. 5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.Unit 3 Under the seaThe use of V-ingV-ing作動(dòng)名詞時(shí)具有名詞的特征,因而在句中用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),有時(shí)它可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 一、 V-ing形式的名詞特征V-ing形式否定形式為not doing，具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 主語(yǔ)Her job is teaching. 表語(yǔ)He is fond of playing football. 賓語(yǔ)developing countries 定語(yǔ)working people 定語(yǔ)二、 V-ing形式作主語(yǔ) 1 V-ing形式作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的經(jīng)常性的意義。 Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 大聲朗讀對(duì)我們學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)是很重要的。 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。V-ing形式在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等名詞 +doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)。Its no good waiting here. Lets go home. 在這兒等沒好處，咱們回家吧。It is no use your complaining; the company wont do anything about it.抱怨是沒有用的，公司是不會(huì)管的。V-ing形式在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile/worth等形容詞 + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用這種方法去測(cè)量光速是危險(xiǎn)的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個(gè)問題。V-ing形式在“There is(was) no + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded.不容抵賴這個(gè)事實(shí)，中國(guó)自它成立以來(lái)已在各個(gè)方面都取得了飛速的發(fā)展。There is no littering about. 不許亂扔雜物。V-ing作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞后面要求跟V-ing作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞有：admit 承認(rèn) ； excuse 原諒 ； postpone 拖延 ；anticipate 期望； fancy 想象 practice 練習(xí)；appreciate 欣賞； finish 完成； prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； propose 建議； consider 考慮； forgive 寬??； delay 耽擱； imagine 想象； resent 厭惡；deny 否認(rèn)； resist 抵制； keep 保留； risk 冒險(xiǎn)； dislike 討厭； mind 在意； miss 錯(cuò)過； suggest 建議； enjoy 喜歡； pardon 原諒；escape 逃避He managed to escape suffering from the disease.他設(shè)法避免患那種疾病。Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.史密斯教授考慮在學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)下一章之前給他們一份讀書清單。When he came back home from his night shift, Jason tried to avoid wakening his family.當(dāng)杰遜下夜班回到家時(shí)，他盡力不弄醒他的家人。The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.犯罪嫌疑人否認(rèn)他那晚開過辦公室的電腦。 有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后也要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：cant stand 忍不??； cant help 忍不??； feel like 想欲；give up 放棄； put off 推遲After hearing the funny story, all of us couldnt help laughing ear to ear. 聽完了那個(gè)滑稽故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔〈笮α?。Do you feel like taking a walk?你要不要去散步？V-ing形式常跟在介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)后做賓語(yǔ)。常這樣用的介詞短語(yǔ)有：instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。Im looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待著您下一次的到來(lái)。Thank you for offering me so much help.感謝你們給我提供了這么多的幫助。He is fond of watching sports-games.他喜歡觀看體育競(jìng)賽。在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + V-ing形式；be busy (in) + V-ing形式；waste time (in) + V-ing形式；lost time (in) + V-ing形式；There is no point (in) + V-ing形式”等結(jié)構(gòu)中， V-ing形式做介詞賓語(yǔ)，in常要省去。The children are busy doing their homework.孩子們忙于做作業(yè)。There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次這種簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)驗(yàn)是毫無(wú)意義的。二、動(dòng)名詞可具有時(shí)態(tài)意義 動(dòng)名詞可以像動(dòng)詞那樣表現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)意義，有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）之分。動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)意義是一個(gè)相對(duì)的概念，從屬于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一般式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生，或表示一般性動(dòng)作，沒有時(shí)間概念；完成式表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。 The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time.那位秘書因沒有按時(shí)將報(bào)告打印出來(lái)而受責(zé)備。(動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)態(tài))I regret having said some rude words to my brother.我后悔對(duì)我弟弟說了些粗話。We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.我們不知道他們干過這種事情。三、動(dòng)名詞可具有語(yǔ)態(tài)意義 如果動(dòng)名詞與句中的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即邏輯主語(yǔ)是接受動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作，需用其被動(dòng)形式（being done，having been done）。其否定形式是：not being done, not having been donePeople hate being praised for nothing .人們不喜歡無(wú)緣無(wú)故的贊揚(yáng)。The problem is far from being solved .這問題遠(yuǎn)沒得到解決。She didnt mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。注意在want，need，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully.這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering.這些樹需要澆水了。在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。His suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. Exercises1. The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful3. He apologized for _. A. his not being able to come B. his being not able to come C. his being able not to come D. him not being able to come 4. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 5. I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home.A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do6._the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You to fail 7. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 8. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 9. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to read 10. It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand11. Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking12. They dont permit _ noise her.A. to make B. make C. making D. made13. Th