系動詞分類用法.doc

初中系動詞總復(fù)習(xí)定義系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補(bǔ)語）（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實(shí)義動詞，該動詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語，例如：He feels ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。（feel是系動詞，后跟補(bǔ)足語，說明主語情況。） 分類1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（表示主語的身份性質(zhì)）He is ill. 他病了。（表示主語的狀態(tài)）2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。3）表像系動詞用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起來很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。4）感官系動詞感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。5）變化系動詞這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)證實(shí)，變成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查證實(shí)很難。His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果） 注意事項系動詞本身有一定的詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，后面必須與表語連用。復(fù)習(xí)系動詞時，必須注意以下幾個問題： 1. be是最重要的系動詞，主語不同，be的形式也不同，且有時態(tài)的變化。通常表示主語的特征、狀態(tài)和身份等，后面接形容詞、副詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、v-ing、過去分詞及表語從句作表語。特別要注意“由be+過去分詞”所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由be+過去分詞”所構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于表示主語的特征或所處的狀態(tài)，通常沒有由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。如：The door was closed. 后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語是謂語動詞所示動作的承受者，表示動作；句中可以用由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。如：The door was closed by me.還要注意“由be+ V-ing所構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與“由be+ V-ing”所構(gòu)成的進(jìn)行時態(tài)的區(qū)別。前者側(cè)重于說明主語具有的特征或存在的狀態(tài)，也可說明主語是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)主語正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行為動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系動詞。表示人體感官的系動詞有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容詞；表示主語從一種狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種狀態(tài)的系動詞有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容詞、名詞或 to be+形容詞，become后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前要用不定冠詞，turn后面接單數(shù)名詞時，名詞前不用不定冠詞；表示主語繼續(xù)或保持某種身份、特征或狀態(tài)的系動詞有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示狀態(tài)的形容詞；表示判斷的系動詞有seem和appear，后面接形容詞、to be+名詞或形容詞、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系動詞的固定搭配。常見的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特別注意某些動詞既可以做系動詞，又可以做實(shí)意動詞的用法。系動詞部分主要注意：其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞做表語。遇到這種情況，只能先根據(jù)其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對后面的詞性和詞義做出正確判斷和選擇。以taste一詞為例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（這種新研制的軟飲料嘗起來挺獨(dú)特的。注意：在這句話里，taste做系動詞，不能使用進(jìn)行時，后面接形容詞。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（廚師長正在品嘗這道魚。注意：在這句話中，taste做實(shí)意動詞，可以使用進(jìn)行時，并且后面接副詞做狀語。） 專項訓(xùn)練1. What is Mr Wang like?_.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kindC. He looks like a balloonD. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good 10. Do you like the shirt?Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell 15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks 17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns 18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. are looking C. looking D. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become怎樣區(qū)分半連系動詞連系動詞多有自己的意思，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語（名詞、形容詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)脑~類、短語、從句）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。最常用的連系動詞為be（是）動詞，即完全連系動詞，另外還有l(wèi)ook，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain等半連系動詞。無論是完全連系動詞還是半連系動詞、后面都有表語。由于半連系動詞是由實(shí)意動詞變來的，那如何分辨該動詞為實(shí)意動詞還是半連系動詞呢？這對初學(xué)英語的中學(xué)生來說會感到有點(diǎn)困難，我在教學(xué)中嘗試用比較法和替換法，使學(xué)生較能接受。1比較法比較下列各組句子(1) A Please look at the blackboard請看黑板。B He looked a perfect fool他看上去是個十足的傻瓜。(2) ATurn to Page 16翻到 16頁。BHe turned traitor to his country他背叛了祖國。AHe felt it his duty to help others他認(rèn)為幫助別人是自己的責(zé)任。BI felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段長路，我感到很餓。A.Get me some ink給我一些墨水。BOur motherland is getting stronger and stronger我們國家變得越來越強(qiáng)大了。ASuch words do not become a scholar那樣的話不像出自學(xué)者之口。BSome of the land became covered with water一些田地覆蓋著水。AThis black key on the piano wont sound這鋼琴上的黑鍵按下去不響。B The story sounds interesting這故事聽起來很有趣。A.I am sure I smell gas我肯定聞到了煤氣味。BTheflowers smell sweet花朵散發(fā)芳香。AHe was too weak to stand他太虛弱，不能站立。BHolding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounded他拿著鈔票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。AHe goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早上學(xué)。B They went mad他們發(fā)狂了。A I remained 3 weeks in Paris我在巴黎逗留了三周。BHe never remained satisfied with his success他從不滿足于自己的成績。2替換法分析以上10組句子我們不難看出B組動詞均為連系動詞，因?yàn)槿绻覀儼褎釉~ be（是）的適當(dāng)形式替代斜體動詞，句子能夠成立，后面的成分即是表語。（1）He was a perfect fool（2）He was a traitor to his country.（3）I was very hungry after a long walk（4）Our motherland is stronger and stronger（5）Some of the land was covered with water（6）The story is interesting（7）The flowers are sweet（8）Holding the note in his hand，he was there dumbfounded（9）They were mad（10）He was never satisfied with his success反之，如果把 be（是）動詞的適當(dāng)形式替代 A組動詞，句子則不能成立，無法解釋，A組動詞均不為連系動詞：*（l）Please be at the blackboard*（2）Be to Pagel6*（3）He was if his duty to help others*（4）Be me some ink*（5）Such words are not a scholar*（6）The black key on