英語四級翻譯(技巧加題目加答案)doc.doc

大學英語四級考試翻譯題輕松拿高分一、這里是一些翻譯題怎樣做的小技巧翻譯的實踐性決定了一個事實，即要做好翻譯，必須加強這方面的訓練，因為大家都明白“熟能生巧”的道理。同時，掌握一定的翻譯技巧和方法也是必需的。好的方法不但可以幫助我們解決一些翻譯難題，保證我們譯文的質量，而且大大地省去了動筆前絞盡腦汁地探求“最佳譯法”的過程，為考試節(jié)約了寶貴的時間。根據(jù)四級考試新題型的特點和要求，有針對性地總結了一些對應試有所幫助的翻譯技巧和方法，以供大家參考。 1. 詞語層次 對單句翻譯，主要體現(xiàn)在詞語層次方面的翻譯，常見的理論有：詞語選擇法、詞義引申法、詞義褒貶法、正反譯法、詞類轉換法、增譯法、省略法等。 (1) 詞語選擇法 由于漢語和英語的表達習慣和詞語搭配的不同，同一個漢語詞語與不同的詞語搭配時，英文譯文會用到不同的詞語來表達。因此，必須根據(jù)詞匯的搭配關系和句子中充當?shù)某煞謥泶_定譯文所選詞語。 (2) 詞義引申法 在翻譯過程中，有時會遇到一些無法找到對等英語詞匯的情況，這就需要根據(jù)其基本詞義進行引申。 (3) 詞義褒貶法 由于在漢語的表達中褒貶意義通常很明顯，而英語詞匯中很多詞都是中性的，其褒貶含義有時不是很明顯，因此在翻譯時，要盡量選擇能表現(xiàn)褒貶色彩的詞語。 (4) 正反譯法 由于語言習慣的不同，漢英兩種語言在正說與發(fā)說方面也常常不同。英語中有些從正面說，漢語則從反面來解釋;而對那些從反面說的句子，漢語則可以從正面來解釋。 (5) 詞類轉換法 由于英漢兩種語言的結構和表達方式不同，很多情況下，找不到意思對等而且詞性相同的詞語或短語，這時就必須根據(jù)英語的語言表達習慣，對詞類進行轉換。 (6) 增譯法 在翻譯時，有時為了使所翻譯的譯文更符合英語的表達習慣而增加一些必要的詞語。指根據(jù)英漢兩種語言不同的思維方式、語言習慣和表達方式，在翻譯時增添一些詞、短句或句子，以便更準確地表達出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語無主句較多，而英語句子一般都要有主語，所以在翻譯漢語無主句的時候，除了少數(shù)可用英語無主句、被動語態(tài)或“There be”結構來翻譯以外，一般都要根據(jù)語境補出主語，使句子完整。英漢兩種語言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語中代詞使用頻率較高，凡說到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關的事物時，必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此，在漢譯英時需要增補物主代詞，而在英譯漢時又需要根據(jù)情況適當?shù)貏h減。英語詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關系一般用連詞來表示，而漢語則往往通過上下文和語序來表示這種關系。因此，在漢譯英時常常需要增補連詞。英語句子離不開介詞和冠詞。另外，在漢譯英時還要注意增補一些原文中暗含而沒有明言的詞語和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語，以確保譯文意思的完整?？傊?，通過增譯，一是保證譯文語法結構的完整，二是保證譯文意思的明確。 (7) 省譯法 漢語中為了講究句子的平衡、氣勢、韻調，常常使用排比、對仗、重復等修辭手段。因此漢語句子中，一些詞或詞組重復使用的現(xiàn)象和結構類似、含義相同的幾個詞組連用的現(xiàn)象是相當普遍的。因此在翻譯時，原文中含義重復的詞語往往只譯出其中的一個。這是與增譯法相對應的一種翻譯方法，即刪去不符合目標語思維習慣、語言習慣和表達方式的詞，以避免譯文累贅。 2. 語句層次 對單句的翻譯有時還涉及到了語句層次上的技巧，其中包括： (1) 拆句法和合并法 這是兩種相對應的翻譯方法。拆句法是把一個長而復雜的句子拆譯成若干個較短、較簡單的句子，通常用于英譯漢;合并法是把若干個短句合并成一個長句，一般用于漢譯英。漢語強調意合，結構較松散，因此簡單句較多;英語強調形合，結構較嚴密，因此長句較多。所以漢譯英時要根據(jù)需要注意利用連詞、分詞、介詞、不定式、定語從句、獨立結構等把漢語短句連成長句;而英譯漢時又常常要在原句的關系代詞、關系副詞、主謂連接處、并列或轉折連接處、后續(xù)成分與主體的連接處，以及意群結束處將長句切斷，譯成漢語分句。這樣就可以基本保留英語語序，順譯全句，順應現(xiàn)代漢語長短句相替、單復句相間的句法修辭原則。 (2) 倒置法 漢語中，定語修飾語和狀語修飾語往往位于被修飾語之前;在英語中，許多修飾語常常位于被修飾語之后，因此翻譯時往往要把原文的語序顛倒過來。倒置法通常用于英譯漢, 即對英語長句按照漢語的習慣表達法進行前后調換，按意群或進行全部倒置，原則是使?jié)h語譯句安排符合現(xiàn)代漢語論理敘事的一般邏輯順序。有時倒置法也用于漢譯英。 (3) 成分轉譯法 英漢兩種語言，由于表達方式不盡相同，在具體英譯漢時，有時往往需要轉換一下句子成分，才能使譯達到邏輯正確、通順流暢、重點突出等目的。句子成分轉譯作為翻譯的一種技巧，其內容和形式都比較豐富，運用范圍也相當廣泛：主語可以變成狀語、定語、賓語、表語;謂語可以變成主語、定語、表語;定語可以變成狀語、主語;賓語可以變成主語等等。以下是歷年來的四級真題，供大家參考2006年6月17日87Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater_(不管是否加熱)。 88Notonly_(他向我收費過高)，but he did not doagoodrepairjob either.89.Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing_(與我的相比) 90.Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly_(一半的錢)inadayinLeedsasinLondon.91.Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikely_(把孩子的成功歸因于)naturaltalent.答 案87 whether(itis)heatedornot 88 didhechargemetoomuch/didheoverchar89 comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine 90 halfasmuchmoney91 toattributetheirchildrenssuccessto/tohaveabeliefthattheirchildrenssuccessto 2006年6月24日 .87.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去歷史博物館的路).88._(為了掙錢供我上學)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher. 89.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我們交研究報告)。 90.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂). 91.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.答 案 87findingthewaytothehistorymuseum 88Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(tofinancemyeducation) 89 wehandinourresearchreport(s) 90 themoreconfusedIam91 hewasfiredbythecompany2006年12月23日 87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto_(適應不同文化中的生活).88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力).89.Thevictim_(本來會有機會活下來)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime. 90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出門在外時可能會感到孤獨). 91.Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年1200萬人的速度). 答案87adapttolivesindifferentcultures/adapt(oneself)tolivingindifferentcultures 88nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading 89wouldhaveachancetosurvive 90mightfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome/mightfeellonelywhenawayfromhome 91attherateof12millionpeopleperyear/atthespeedof12millionpeopleeveryyear2007年6月23日 87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto_(將人們的睡眠質量考慮在內).88.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis_(我們可以合作的領域).89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_(決定退出比賽).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please_(按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系).91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_(如果你方便的話).答案87 takepeoplessleepqualityintoaccount 88thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate 89 decidedtoquitthematch90 contactusatthefollowingaddress 91 ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience2007年12月22日87._(多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明)，doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).89.Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲).90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_(它更方便和省時). 91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他們能夠借到多少來衡量的)，答 案87 Owingto(或thanksto)aseriesofnewinventions 88Iamaptto或inclinedtobemoreeasilytiredthan before 89 nomatterwhatsacrificesIwillmake 90 theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving91 isweigheduponhowmuchtheycanborrow nothowmuchtheycanearn.2008年6月87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research _ (能應用于新技術的開發(fā))88. I cant boot my computer now. Something _ (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.89. Leaving ones job, _ (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.90. _ (與我成長的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.91. _ (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.答 案 87.could be applied to the development of the new technology88.must be out of control89. no matter what kind of job it is/no matter what it is 90. Being compared with the place where I grew up/ Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished his mission接下來是一些練習題 希望能夠幫助大家練練手 1.I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同學)答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2._(我們沒有人料到主席會出現(xiàn)) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.答案：2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如預料的那樣).答案：3. as was to be expected4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一門科學，也是一門藝術).答案：4. an art as it is a science5. Some women _(本來能夠掙一份很好的工資) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.答案：5. could have made a good salary.6.Over a third of the population was estimated_(無法獲得) to the health service.答案：6. to have no access7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(習慣了學生遲到) his lecture.答案：7. to students being late for8. The price of beer_(從50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.答案：8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $49.Wed like _(預訂一張餐桌) five for dinner this evening. 答案：9. to reserve a table for10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻煩).答案：10. to make trouble11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔時間) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.答案：11. at intervals 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(傷害自己).答案：12. injure himself13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙著準備) her examination.答案：13. busy preparing for14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.答案：14. had to be operated manually15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本來不必從銀行借錢的)答案：15. neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16.By the time you get to New York, I_(已經動身去) London.答案：16. shall have left for17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗時的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.答案：17. is often a very time-consuming job18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.答案：18. something was done/some measures were taken19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了這種心理).答案：19. overcame it/got over it20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_(擋路了).答案：20. in the way接著是一些翻譯題中經常需要用的專有名詞：1. 校園生活類：1) 大學學習類：application form 申請表 assignment 作業(yè) instructor輔導老師 assessment (對學生的學習情況)評估 course arrangement 課程安排 credit 學分 dean 導師 enrolmentregister for 注冊 oral examination 口試 graduate school 研究生院 letter of recommendation 推薦信 participation 出勤 postgraduate 研究生 president 校長 required coursecompulsory course 必修課 optional course 選修課 scoremark 分數(shù) school of Arts and Sciences 文理學院 take an examinationsit an examination 參加考試 undergraduate 本科生2) 大學生活類：cafeteria 自助小餐廳 call slip 索書單 campus 校園 club 學生俱樂部 current account 現(xiàn)金帳戶 current issues 本期刊物 back issues 過期刊物 catalogue 目錄 deposit money in a bank 存錢 dining hall 食堂 dormitory 宿舍 lecture hall 階梯教室 library card 借書卡 overdue and pay a fine 過期罰款 renew (借書)續(xù)借 shopping mallcentre 購物中心 society 學生社團 student union 學生會 withdrawdraw cash 取錢2. 交通旅游類：1) 交通規(guī)則類：crash 撞車 amber light 黃燈 cross road 十字路 drive without license 無證駕駛 excessive speed 超速 green light 綠燈 traffic jam 交通擁擠 narrow road 窄路 red light 紅燈 parking place 停車場 speed limit 速度限制 traffic light 紅綠燈 traffic police 交通警察 traffic regulation 交通規(guī)則 zebra stripes 斑馬線2) 旅游類詞匯：check-in 登記入住 check-out 結帳離開(退房) holiday resort 度假區(qū)one-way ticket 單程機票 place of sightseeing 游覽勝地 room service 客房服務 round-trip ticket 來回機票 sightseeing tour 觀光旅游 star-rated hotel 星級飯店 tour group 旅游團隊 tour guide 導游 travel service 旅行社 vacation tour 度假旅游 tourist attraction 旅游勝地3)社會熱點類：bid for the Olympic Games 申辦奧運會 birth control 計劃生育 brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫經濟 care for senior citizens 關心老年人comprehensive national power 綜合國力 compulsory education 義務教育 computer crime 電腦犯罪 divorce 離婚 dropout student 失學兒童 economic globalizationeconomic integration 經濟全球化 education for all-round development 素質教育 exam-oriented education 應試教育 intellectual property rights 知識產權 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪knowledge-based economy 知識經濟 laid-off worker 下崗職工 migrant worker 民工net friend 網友 net citizen 網民 off line 下線 online love affair 網戀 people orientedpeople foremost 以人為本 pioneering spirit 首創(chuàng)精神 preserve the ecological environment 保護生態(tài)環(huán)境 prime time 黃金時段 puppy love 早戀 rate of unemployment 失業(yè)率 rural population 鄉(xiāng)村人口 self-protection awareness 自我保護意識 self-service ticketing 無人售票 shopping online 網上購物 single parent family 單親家庭 surf the Internet 網上沖浪 sustainable development 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 team spirit 團隊精神 reduce study load 學生減負 university students innovative undertaking 大學生創(chuàng)業(yè) virtual net 虛擬網絡 win-win situation 雙贏局面 assistant president 總裁助理 eliminate illiteracy 掃盲 excusive agency 專賣店 New Human Being 新新人類 online trading platform 網上交易平臺 cost of livingincome maintenance 生活費用 advance with times 與時俱進最后，這是我們準備的翻譯必備句型翻譯題目必背句型1.All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.9.Your hair wants cutting,. Youd better have it done tomorrow.10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.13.Realizing that he hadnt enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.26.The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.28.While orbiting the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.29.The computer has