初中一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時講解及練習題（共6頁）.doc

現(xiàn)在進行時（一）現(xiàn)在進行時的構(gòu)成 肯定句：主語+be（am ,is, are）+Ving（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他成分主語beVing（現(xiàn)在分詞）第一人稱單數(shù)I復數(shù)We第二人稱單數(shù)You復數(shù)You第三人稱單數(shù)HeSheIt其他單數(shù)Sam復數(shù)they注：現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化方法動詞原形Ving(現(xiàn)在分詞)直接加ingplay以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞，去掉字母e，再加ingtake結(jié)尾呈現(xiàn)“輔，元，輔”結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing stop以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，把ie改為y ，再加ing lie否定句: + + + + I _ _ a student.（我不是學生。一般疑問句： + + + ？_ _ a student?肯定回答：Yes, 主語+ be（am ,is, are） 否定回答：No，主語+ be（am ,is, are）+not.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ be（am ,is, are）+主語+Ving（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他成分？（二）不用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞：1）表示事實狀態(tài)的動詞，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。 2）表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。 He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。 3）瞬間動詞，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。 4）系動詞，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如： You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。（三）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法1,表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。 Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。 Lets set off. It isnt raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?，F(xiàn)在不下雨了。 這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在，at present現(xiàn)在，at the moment現(xiàn)在，today今天，this week這個星期，this year今年等時間狀語連用。2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行而說話時不一定在進行的動作。 We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們在一家工廠工作。 They are compiling a dictionary. 他們在編一本詞典。 We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機模型。 這類情況常與today今天，this week這個星期，this evening今天晚上，these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時間狀語連用。1. 有時通過上下文可以判斷出應采用何種時態(tài)，如以look, listen開頭的句子，提示我們動作正進行，這時要用現(xiàn)在進行時。Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點。孩子們在操場上踢足球。 Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點！我們大家都等著你。 Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他們在那邊的樹底下看書。 Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽！她在房間里唱歌。 Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書。 Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 為什么哭呢？有什么不對？ Listen！She is singing an English song.聽，她正在唱英語歌。3,在口語中表示主語計劃將要作的動作。 They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要動身前往紐約。 Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？ 這類情況常與come來，go去， leave離開，depart離開，arrive到達，stay逗留，start開始等動詞連用。所用的動詞必須是動作而不是狀態(tài)，主語必須是人。4,現(xiàn)在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩。 Hes always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。 She is constantly worrying about her sons health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔心著。 The boy is forever asking questions. 那個男孩老是問問題。 這類情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠、老是等副詞連用。5,有的現(xiàn)在進行時句子和一般現(xiàn)在時同義。用現(xiàn)在進行時表示問者的關(guān)切心情。 How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感覺如何？ I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來。 Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？6,有的動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外，一般不和其他時間副詞連用的。 Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學習變得越來越有趣了。 The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了。 The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭接近尾聲了。 Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了。 適合于此種用法的動詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成，begin開始，forget忘記，remember記得，die死，finish完成，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，rise增強等.7,“be”動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時?！癰e”動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話者認為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。 He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。 He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實。 She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。 I cant understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時他為何如此自私。 適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful細心的，patient耐心的，lazy懶惰的，silly傻的，rude粗魯?shù)?，polite禮貌的，impolite無禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。（“be”動詞用于現(xiàn)在進行時表示人的行為，純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動時或主語不是人時，“be”動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時）如： I am happy.（表語是純粹的心理狀態(tài)，不可用am being） 我很快樂。 Hes tired.（表語是純粹的生理狀態(tài)，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。 Its hot today.（主語不是人，不可用is being） 今天很熱。 常和現(xiàn)在進行時連用的時間狀語 一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時練習題一、基礎(chǔ)練習（一）寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1. work_ sing_ play_ study_2. dance_ come_ write_ take_3. run_ sit_ shop_ swim_4. lie_ die_ （二）寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式1. work_ read_ clean_ write_2. teach_ wash_ guess_ watch_3. go_ do_ photo_5. have_（三）填入be動詞的適當形式 1. He _ drinking water. 2. The birds _ flying in the sky. 3. Children _ playing in the playground. 4. They _ working now. 5. I _ going to the supermarket. 6. I _ coming.二、填空：1. She is _ (walk) now. 2. Mother is _ (feed) birds. 3. They are _ (sit) on the chair. 4. Cindy is _ (watch,) TV. 5. Joe is _ (jog) in the garden. 6. Look, Nick is _ (come). 7. The cat is _ (lie) on the rug. 8. Listen, she is _ (sing). 9. Look, the girl is _ (run). 10. The cat is _ (eat) now. 11. Look, the baby is _ (smile). 12. My mother and my father are _ (dance). 13. Uncle Jerry is _ (drive). 14. The fish is _ (swim) in the river. 15. She is _ (shop).16. My father always _(come) back from work very late.17. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.18. Listen! Joan _(sing) in the classroom. She often _ (sing) there.19. _ your brother _(know) Japanese?20. Where _ you _ (have) lunch every day?21. The girl _(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She _(wear) a red skirt today.三、單項選擇1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it.13. I dont think that its true. Shes always _ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told14.She_two daughters.has B. does have C. have D. haves15.There are two_in the house.A. family B. families C. familys D. home16.My father and mother_teachers.A. are B. is C. do D. does17.They are _ Jennys family.A. B. a C. an D. the 18.There is a boy _Harry Potter in the B. named C. names D. to name19.What is your uncle? He is _officer.A. a B. an C. the D. 20.This is your coat. Please _. A.wear it on B. put on C. put it on D. wear on it21.Kate and I _ doing _homework now.A. am,their B. are their C. is our D. are our22.My father and mother are_.A. Buses driver B. buses drivers C. bus drivers D. bus driver23.They are talking_todays newspaper.A. To B. with C. of D. about24.Do you like_on the grass?A. To sit B. siting C. sitting D. both A and C25.This is the way_our hair.A. That we comb B. to comb C. of combing D. all the above四、根據(jù)中文意思完成句子1、學生們在干什么？有一些在打電話，另一些躺在沙灘上。_ _ the students _? Some _ _ on the phone, _ _ _ on the beach.2、“格林先生在看電視嗎？” “不， 他在打掃房間?！?“_ Mr Green _ TV?” “_, He _ _ the house.”3、魏芳不是在讀書，她在寫信。 Wei Fang _ _ a book. She _ _ a letter.4、今天天氣怎么樣？_ is the weather today? 或_ is the weather _ today?5、我正在通過收音機學 (learn) 英語。I _ _ English on the radio.6、這個老人每天早上六點鐘起床。The old man _ _ at six oclock in the morning every day.7、你從哪里來？ Where _ you from? 或Where _ you _ from? 我從美國來。 I _ from America. 或I _ from America.8. 你要去哪兒啊? Where are you _? 9. Nick 正在爬攀登架. Nick is _ (climb) the jungle gym. 10. 他們正在讀書. They are _ books. 11. 爺爺正在吸煙. Grandpa is _. (smoke)12. 我在做作業(yè). I am _ (do) my homework. 13. 我媽媽正在做飯. My mother is _. 14. Jerry在喝檸檬果汁. Jerry is _ lemon juice. (drink)15. 他正在寫信. He is _ a letter. 16. 看! Cindy來了. Look, Cindy is _. 17. 我們在唱歌. We are _ now. 書面表達是對學生在初中階段英語學習的綜合考查，涉及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、句子構(gòu)成、短語使用和單詞拼寫等多方面內(nèi)容，以下就中考書面表達的寫作方法和注意事項進行指導：一、認真審題，確定時態(tài)人稱，同時關(guān)注題材格式時態(tài)：故事性文章一般用過去時，其中表達感受時可用現(xiàn)在時。說明性或議論性文章一般用現(xiàn)在時，舉例時可用過去時。根據(jù)題目要求也會出現(xiàn)時態(tài)的交錯使用，如過去和現(xiàn)在的對比等。如果句中出現(xiàn)了時間狀語，時態(tài)則要遵循時間狀語。如ago，last過去時next，in將來時等人稱：注意在句子中人稱的統(tǒng)一。例如：Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English.其中we和our就是人稱的統(tǒng)一。格式：注意書信格式的開頭和結(jié)尾。二、找全信息點，緊扣主題，突出重點切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息點。一定把題讀全，找齊信息點，建議用鉛筆標出，寫完后再涂掉。根據(jù)題目，可適當增加合理內(nèi)容。特別注意文章要有開頭和結(jié)尾。三、成文時表述正確，文字流暢切忌與漢語提示的一一對應，使用所學表達方法將語義表達出來即可。首先考慮句子結(jié)構(gòu)（如主謂賓，主系表等）。同時注意短語的正確使用和單詞的拼寫，最好使用課本上學過的短語和句式。 四、文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，重點句型出彩，可使文章在得分上提高一個檔次考慮文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，使用適當?shù)倪B接短語，使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 常用連接詞：1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：First of all，F(xiàn)irstly/First，Secondly/SecondAnd then，F(xiàn)inally，In the end，At last2.表并列補充關(guān)系的：What ismore，Besides，Moreover，F(xiàn)urthermore，Inaddition3.表轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系的：However，On the contrary，butAlthough+clause（ 從句），In spite of+n/doingOn the one handOn the other handSome，while others4.表因果關(guān)系的：Because，AsSo，Thus，Therefore，As a result5.表換一種方式表達：In other words6.表進行舉例說明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n/doing7.表陳述事實：In fact8.表達自己觀點：As far as I know，In my opinion9.表總結(jié)：In short，In a word，In conclusion，In summary文中正確使用兩三個好的句型，如：賓語從句、狀語從句、動名詞做