中英思維差異術(shù)語b.doc

中英思維差異術(shù)語1 大陸型文化continental culture2 海洋性文化maritime culture3 天人合一Theory That Man Is an Integral Part of Nature4 倫理社會(huì)ethical society/ethic-based society/ethical culture5 人文精神the Humanities Spirit in the Early Philosophy of Ancient Greece6 人文主義humanism7 道Tao (Truth)8 氣vital breath9 理Reason /Truth10 太極Tai Ji 11 陰陽the Two Opposing Principles in Nature12 八卦the Eight Diagrams13 五行the Five Elements -metal, wood, water, fire and earth14 五味the Five Flavors-sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, and salty15 五臟the five Organs-heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys)16 五常（倫理）the Five Ethics (仁、義、禮、智、信)17 三綱五常the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues specified in feudal ethical code18 仁、義、禮、智、信benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity19 五倫five human relationships “父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長(zhǎng)幼有敘，朋友有信”20 五色the Five Colors青、赤、白、黑、黃 (此五者為正色,也泛指各種顏色。)21 五聲、五音 the Pentatonic scale古代五聲音階中的宮、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽五個(gè)音級(jí)22 五官the five sense organs (ears, eyes, lips, nose and tongue)23 五谷the five cereals (rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans):24 易經(jīng)The Book of Changes25 中庸the doctrine of the mean Confucian/ Moderationism (溫和主義,穩(wěn)健主義)26 柏拉圖Plato27 主客二分subject-object dichotomy 28 求善seek good29 格物，致知，誠意，正心，修身，齊家，治國，平天下investigation, extension of knowledge, sincerity of the will, rectification of the world, cultivation of the personal life, regulation of the family, national order, world peace30 求真seek truth31 直覺instinct32 悟enlightenment33 書不盡言，言不盡意Not all will be taught by the books and not all will be explained completely in one time. 34 培根Francis Bacon 35 邏輯學(xué)logistics36 黑格爾Friedrich Hegel37 焚書坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive38 罷黜百家，獨(dú)尊儒術(shù)burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive39 儒，道，釋Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism40 亞里士多德 蘇格拉底（Socrates）、柏拉圖(Plato)、亞里士多德(Aristotle)41 笛卡爾Ren DesCartes勒奈笛卡爾(Ren DesCartes)是法國17世紀(jì)著名哲學(xué)家和數(shù)學(xué)家，現(xiàn)代理性主義的創(chuàng)始人，法國啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的先驅(qū)者之一。42 溫故而知新gain new insights through reviewing old material 子曰：“溫故而知新，可以為師矣?！?The master said, If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring the new, he may be a teacher of others.”43 半封閉semi-enclosed44 閉關(guān)鎖國seclusion45 古希臘城邦制Ancient Greek city-state system46 內(nèi)圣外王the internal sage and external king47 內(nèi)省introspection; self-examination48 靜思悟忍quiet, consideration, enlightenment, endurance大上海，曾幾何時(shí)，處處是典雅別墅，壯觀寫字樓。近些年來，高樓天橋，縱橫矗立，鱗次櫛比。十年間，幾十座摩天大樓拔地而起，熠熠生輝。高樓之下，一線天際，擁擠局促；蜿蜒窄巷，束縛難行；公園空地，窒息壓抑。新建天橋，車輛擁堵，緩慢行進(jìn)。Once a city of elegant villas and imposing office buildings, Shanghai is currently ripping itself to ribbons. In a decade scores of gleaming new skyscrapers have shot up to crowd and jostle the skyline, cramp the narrow winding streets, and choke the parks and open spaces with their sheer soaring presence. Traffic crawl, even on the new multilane overpasses.有人說過， 路本沒有，走的人多了，變成了一條路。Some say that there is at first no road at all and that a road is created simply by the treading of passers by .1早知今日，何必當(dāng)初？If I had known it would come to this, I would have acteddifferently.2我們完全有信心，有能力最終接近臺(tái)灣問題。We have the determination and ability to solve the issue on Taiwan.3天氣寒冷，河水都結(jié)冰了。It was so cold that the river froze.4江山易改，本性難移。It is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a persons nature5為美好的往昔而遺憾，為逝去的朋友而哀傷，是沒有用的It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days，or in sadness about friends who are dead.(from How to Grow Old-Russel)。1)It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.2) This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.3) The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.1)那是個(gè)天氣晴朗，金黃可愛的秋天，美好的秋色為那些青年們送別。待到戰(zhàn)后和平時(shí)期，黃葉紛飛的秋天再度來臨時(shí)，當(dāng)日的青年已經(jīng)失去了青春，有的喪失了生命。2）這是一次精心組織起來的會(huì)議，市政廳里濟(jì)濟(jì)一堂，熱情洋溢，主持會(huì)議的是斯特朗先生。3）當(dāng)前，車輛橫沖直撞，嚴(yán)重地威脅著城市的生活，路上行人無不提心吊膽。Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon the water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.眼前不遠(yuǎn)，漁舟三五，凝滯不前，墻影斜映在水面上，仿佛睡去，偶爾微見顫動(dòng)，似又未嘗熟睡，恍若驚夢(mèng)。他記得破夾襖還在，便披在身上，躺到了，待張開眼睛，原來太陽又已經(jīng)照在西墻上頭了。（阿Q正傳）Remembering that he still had a ragged lined jacket, he put it on and lay down, and when he opened his eyes again the sun was already shining on the top of the west wall.有人說：有些勝利者，愿意敵人如虎，如鷹，他才感得勝利的歡喜；假使如羊，如小雞，他便反覺得勝利的無聊。（阿Q正傳）There are said to be some victors who take no pleasure in a victory unless their opponents are as fierce as tigers or eagles; if their adversaries are as timid as sheep or chickens they find their triumph empty.村外多是水田，滿眼是新秧的嫩綠，夾著幾個(gè)圓形的活動(dòng)的黑點(diǎn)，便是耕田的農(nóng)夫。（阿Q正傳）Most of the country outside the village are paddy fields, green as far as the eye could see with the tender shoots of young rice, dotted here and there with round, black, moving objects, which were peasants cultivating the fields.我先是住在監(jiān)獄旁邊一個(gè)客店里的，初冬已經(jīng)頗冷，蚊子卻還多，后來用被蓋了全身，用衣服包了頭臉，只留兩個(gè)鼻孔出氣。（藤野先生）At first I stayed in an inn next to the gaol, where although the early winter was already quite cold, there were still a good many mosquitoes, so I learned to cover myself completely with the quilt and wrap my clothes round my head, leaving only two nostrils exposed through which to breathe.其實(shí)進(jìn)來的是一個(gè)黑瘦的先生，八字須，戴著眼鏡，挾著一迭大大小小的書。（藤野先生）There entered a dark, lean instructor with a moustache, who was wearing glasses and carrying under his arms a pile of books, large and small.每當(dāng)夜間疲倦，正想偷懶時(shí)，仰面在燈光中瞥見他黑瘦的面貌，似乎正要說出抑揚(yáng)頓挫的話來，便使我又良心發(fā)現(xiàn)，而且增加了勇氣（藤野先生）At night if I am tired and want to take it easy, when I look up and see his thin, dark face in the lamplight, as if about to speak in measured tones, my better nature asserted itself and my courage returns.他是一個(gè)高而瘦的先生，須發(fā)都花白了，還戴著大眼鏡。（從百草園到三味書屋）A thin , tall old man with a grizzled beard, he wore large spectacles.他有一條戒尺，但是不常用，也有罰跪的規(guī)則，但也不常用，普通總不過瞪幾眼，大聲道：-“讀書！”（從百草園到三味書屋）He had a ferule which he seldom used, and a method of punishing students by making them kneel which again he seldom used. In general, he simply glared round for a while and shouted: “Get on with your reading.”1）人不犯我，我不犯人。2）打腫臉充胖子，吃虧是自己。We will not attack unless we are attacked.If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer.1）他不來，我不去。2）種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。3）聰明一世，糊涂一時(shí)。4）不吃苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？If he wont come here, Ill not go there.As you sow, so you will reap.Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.If you have never tasted the bitterness of gall, how can you know the sweetness of honey?1）有飯大家吃。2）不到黃河心不死。3）問遍千家成行家。Let everyone share the food if there is any.Until all is over, ambition never dies.Learn from numerous advisers, and you will become a master.1）不進(jìn)則退2）酒醉智昏3）玩火自焚1）He who does not advance fall backward./ Move forward, or you will fall behind.2)When wine is in, wit is out.3)Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.一葉知秋。隨遇而安。明槍易躲，暗箭難防。今日事，今日畢。A straw shows which way the windBeing on sea, sail; being on land, settle.Better an open enemy than a false friend.Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.1）“日出而作，日落而息。鑿井而飲，耕田而食。帝力何有于我哉？”3）“智者樂水，仁者樂山；智者動(dòng)，仁者靜；智者樂，仁者壽?！?）“Rise with the sun to work, retire with the sun to rest. Farm the land for food, sink a well for water. What has heaven got for me ?”3) “The knowledgeable love waters, the benevolent love mountains; the former are active, the latter are tranquil; the former enjoy a happy life, the latter enjoy a long life.”The world id China, China is the world.Eg “溥天之下，莫非王土；率土之濱，莫非王臣?！痹娊?jīng)“一方水土養(yǎng)一方人?！盇 land nurtures a nation。中國人的氣質(zhì)上海三聯(lián)書店1，面子 2，節(jié)儉3，勤勞 4，禮節(jié)5，漠視時(shí)間 6，漠視精確7，誤解的才能 8，拐彎抹角9，靈活的固執(zhí) 10，智力混沌11，精神麻木 12，輕視外國人13，缺乏公共精神 14，保守15，漠視舒適和便利 16，生命力17，忍耐和堅(jiān)韌 18，知足常樂19，孝順 20，仁慈21，缺乏同情心 22，社會(huì)臺(tái)風(fēng)23，相互負(fù)責(zé)和遵紀(jì)守法 24，相互猜疑25，缺乏誠信 26，多神論，泛神論，無神論Chinese characteristics:1, face 2, economy3,industry 4, politeness5,the disregard of time 6, the disregard of accuracy7,the talent for misunderstanding 8, the talent for indirection9,flexible inflexibility 10,intellectual turbidity11,the absence of nerves 12,contempt for foreigner13,the absence of public spirit 14,Conservatism15,indifference for comfort and convenience16,physical vitality 17,patience and perseverance18, content and cheerfulness 19,filial piety20,benevolence 21,the absence of symp