軟件開發(fā)常用語中英文對照.doc

A.I. 人工智能A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基類abstract class 抽象類abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、訪問access function 訪問函數(shù)access level訪問級別account 賬戶action 動作activate 激活active 活動的actual parameter 實參adapter 適配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空間address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX數(shù)據(jù)對象advanced 高級的aggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 別名align 排列、對齊allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括號annotation 注解、評注API (Application Programming Interface) 應用(程序)編程接口app domain (application domain)應用域appearance 外觀append 附加application 應用、應用程序application framework 應用程序框架Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度計算architecture 架構(gòu)、體系結(jié)構(gòu)archive file 歸檔文件、存檔文件argument引數(shù)(傳給函式的值)。參見parameterarray 數(shù)組arrow operator 箭頭操作符ASP(Active Server Page)活動服務器頁面ASP.NET worker process ASP.NET工作者進程assembly 裝配件、配件assembly language 匯編語言assembly manifest 裝配件清單assert(ion) 斷言assign 賦值assignment 賦值、分配assignment operator 賦值操作符associated 相關(guān)的、相關(guān)聯(lián)的associative container 關(guān)聯(lián)式容器(對應sequential container)asynchronous 異步的atomic 原子的atomic operation 原子操作attribute 特性、屬性audio 音頻authentication service 驗證服務authorization 授權(quán)B2B integration B2B整合、B2B集成(business-to-business integration)background 背景、后臺(進程)backup 備份backup device備份設(shè)備backup file 備份文件backward compatible 向后兼容、向下兼容bandwidth 帶寬Bandwidth Reduction 帶寬壓縮base class 基類base type 基類型batch 批處理BCL (base class library)基類庫Bin Packing 裝箱問題binary 二進制binary function 雙參函數(shù)binary large object二進制大對象binary operator 二元操作符binary search 二分查找binary tree 二叉樹binding 綁定bit 位bitmap 位圖bitwise 按位bitwise copy 為單元進行復制；位元逐一復制,按位拷bitwise operation 按位運算block 塊、區(qū)塊、語句塊bookkeeping 簿記boolean 布林值(真假值，true或false)border 邊框bounds checking 邊界檢查boxing 裝箱、裝箱轉(zhuǎn)換brace (curly brace) 大括號、花括號bracket (square brakcet) 中括號、方括號breakpoint 斷點browser applications 瀏覽器應用(程序)browser-accessible application 可經(jīng)由瀏覽器訪問的應用程序bug 臭蟲build 編連(專指編譯和連接built-in 內(nèi)建、內(nèi)置bus 總線business 業(yè)務、商務(看場合)business Logic 業(yè)務邏輯business rules 業(yè)務規(guī)則buttons 按鈕by/through 通過byte 位元組(由8 bits組成)cache 高速緩存calendar 日歷Calendrical Calculations 日期call 調(diào)用call operator 調(diào)用操作符call-level interface (CLI)調(diào)用級接口(CLI)callback 回調(diào)candidate key 候選鍵 (for database)cascading delete 級聯(lián)刪除 (for database)cascading update 級聯(lián)更新 (for database)casting 轉(zhuǎn)型、造型轉(zhuǎn)換catalog 目錄chain 鏈(function calls)character 字符character format 字符格式character set 字符集check box 復選框check button 復選按鈕CHECK constraints CHECK約束 (for database)checkpoint 檢查點 (for database)child class 子類CIL (common intermediate language)通用中間語言、通用中介語言class 類class declaration 類聲明class definition 類定義class derivation list 類繼承列表class factory 類廠class hierarchy 類層次結(jié)構(gòu)class library 類庫class loader 類裝載器class template 類模板class template partial specializations 類模板部分特化class template specializations 類模板特化classification 分類clause 子句cleanup 清理、清除CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) 通用語言基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施client 客戶、客戶端client application 客戶端應用程序client area 客戶區(qū)client cursor 客戶端游標 (for database)client-server 客戶機/服務器、客戶端/服務器clipboard 剪貼板Clique 最大團clone 克隆CLS (common language specification) 通用語言規(guī)范code access security 代碼訪問安全code page 代碼頁COFF (Common Object File Format) 通用對象文件格式collection 集合COM (Component Object Model) 組件對象模型Combinatorial Problems 組合問題combo box 組合框command line 命令行comment 注釋commit 提交 (for database)communication 通訊compatible 兼容compile time 編譯期、編譯時compiler 編譯器component組件composite index 復合索引、組合索引 (for database)composite key 復合鍵、組合鍵 (for database)composition 復合、組合Computational Geometry 計算幾何concept 概念concrete具體的concrete class 具體類concurrency 并發(fā)、并發(fā)機制configuration 配置、組態(tài)Connected Components 連通分支connection 連接 (for database)connection pooling 連接池console 控制臺constant 常量Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值問題constraint 約束 (for database)construct 構(gòu)件、成分、概念、構(gòu)造（for language）constructor (ctor) 構(gòu)造函數(shù)、構(gòu)造器container 容器containment包容context 環(huán)境、上下文control 控件Convex Hull 凸包cookie (不譯)copy 拷貝CORBA 通用對象請求中介架構(gòu)(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)cover 覆蓋、涵蓋create/creation 創(chuàng)建、生成crosstab query 交叉表查詢 (for database)CRTP (curiously recurring template pattern)Cryptography 密碼CTS (common type system)通用類型系統(tǒng)cube 多維數(shù)據(jù)集 (for database)cursor 光標cursor 游標 (for database)custom 定制、自定義data 數(shù)據(jù)data connection 數(shù)據(jù)連接 (for database)Data Control Language (DCL) 數(shù)據(jù)控制語言(DCL) (for database)Data Definition Language (DDL) 數(shù)據(jù)定義語言(DDL) (for database)data dictionary 數(shù)據(jù)字典 (for database)data dictionary view 數(shù)據(jù)字典視圖 (for database)data file 數(shù)據(jù)文件 (for database)data integrity 數(shù)據(jù)完整性 (for database)data manipulation language (DML)數(shù)據(jù)操作語言(DML) (for database)data mart 數(shù)據(jù)集市 (for database)data member 數(shù)據(jù)成員、成員變量data pump 數(shù)據(jù)抽取 (for database)data scrubbing 數(shù)據(jù)清理 (for database)data source 數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database)data source 數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database)Data source name (DSN) 數(shù)據(jù)源名稱(DSN) (for database)data structure數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)Data Structures 基本數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)data table 數(shù)據(jù)表 (for database)data warehouse 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫 (for database)data-aware control數(shù)據(jù)感知控件 (for database)data-bound 數(shù)據(jù)綁定 (for database)database 數(shù)據(jù)庫 (for database)database catalog 數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄 (for database)database diagram 數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系圖 (for database)database file 數(shù)據(jù)庫文件 (for database)database object 數(shù)據(jù)庫對象 (for database)database owner 數(shù)據(jù)庫所有者 (for database)database project 數(shù)據(jù)庫工程 (for database)database role 數(shù)據(jù)庫角色 (for database)database schema 數(shù)據(jù)庫模式、數(shù)據(jù)庫架構(gòu) (for database)database script 數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本 (for database)datagram 數(shù)據(jù)報文dataset 數(shù)據(jù)集 (for database)dataset 數(shù)據(jù)集 (for database)DBMS (database management system)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng) (for database)DCOM (distributed COM)分布式COMdead lock 死鎖 (for database)deallocate 歸還debug 調(diào)試debugger 調(diào)試器decay 退化decision support 決策支持declaration 聲明declarative referential integrity (DRI)聲明引用完整性(DRI) (for database)deduction 推導default 缺省、默認值DEFAULT constraint默認約束 (for database)default database 默認數(shù)據(jù)庫 (for database)default instance 默認實例 (for database)default result set 默認結(jié)果集 (for database)defer 推遲definition 定義delegate 委托Delegates 一般譯法為”委托”，微軟沒有對這個術(shù)語進行正式解釋或翻譯。delegation 委托dependent namedeploy 部署dereference 解引用dereference operator (提領(lǐng))運算子derived class 派生類design by contract 契約式設(shè)計design pattern 設(shè)計模式destroy 銷毀destructor(dtor)析構(gòu)函數(shù)、析構(gòu)器Determinants and Permanents 行列式device 設(shè)備DHTML (dynamic HyperText Markup Language)動態(tài)超文本標記語言dialog 對話框Dictionaries 字典digest 摘要digital 數(shù)字的DIME (Direct Internet Message Encapsulation)直接Internet消息封裝directive (編譯)指示符directory 目錄dirty pages臟頁 (for database)dirty read 臟讀 (for database)disassembler 反匯編器DISCO (Discovery of Web Services)Web Services的查找Discrete Fourier Transform 離散Fourier變換disk 盤dispatch 調(diào)度、分派、派發(fā)（我喜歡“調(diào)度”）DISPID (Dispatch Identifier)分派標識符distributed computing 分布式計算distributed query 分布式查詢 (for database)DNA (Distributed interNet Application) 分布式網(wǎng)間應用程序document 文檔DOM (Document Object Model)文檔對象模型dot operator (圓)點操作符double-byte character set (DBCS)雙字節(jié)字符集(DBCS)DPDynamic Programming動態(tài)規(guī)劃Drawing Graphs Nicely 圖的描繪Drawing Trees 樹的描繪driver 驅(qū)動(程序)DTD (document type definition) 文檔類型定義dump 轉(zhuǎn)儲dump file 轉(zhuǎn)儲文件dynamic assembly 動態(tài)裝配件、動態(tài)配件dynamic binding 動態(tài)綁定dynamic cursor 動態(tài)游標 (for database)dynamic filter 動態(tài)篩選 (for database)dynamic locking 動態(tài)鎖定 (for database)dynamic recovery 動態(tài)恢復 (for database)dynamic snapshot 動態(tài)快照 (for database)dynamic SQL statements 動態(tài)SQL語句 (for database)e-business 電子商務EAI (enterprise application integration)企業(yè)應用程序集成(整合)EBCO (empty base class optimization) 空基類優(yōu)化（機制）Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割邊/割點Edge Coloring 邊染色EDI (Dlectronic Data Interchange)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換efficiency 效率efficient 高效encapsulation 封裝enclosing class 外圍類別(與巢狀類別 nested class有關(guān))end user 最終用戶end-to-end authentication 端對端身份驗證engine 引擎entity 實體enum (enumeration) 枚舉enumerators 枚舉成員、枚舉器equal 相等equality 相等性equality operator 等號操作符error log 錯誤日志 (for database)escape character 轉(zhuǎn)義符、轉(zhuǎn)義字符escape code 轉(zhuǎn)義碼Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中國郵路evaluate 評估event 事件event driven 事件驅(qū)動的event handler 事件處理器evidence 證據(jù)exception 異常exception declaration 異常聲明exception handling 異常處理、異常處理機制exception specification 異常規(guī)范exception-safe 異常安全的exclusive lock 排它鎖 (for database)exit 退出explicit 顯式explicit specialization 顯式特化explicit transaction 顯式事務 (for database)export 導出expression 表達式facility 設(shè)施、設(shè)備Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/質(zhì)數(shù)判定fat client 胖客戶端feature 特性、特征Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大無環(huán)子圖fetch 提取field 字段 (for database)field 字段(java)field length 字段長度 (for database)file 文件filter 篩選 (for database)finalization 終結(jié)finalizer 終結(jié)器Finite State Machine Minimization 有窮自動機簡化firewall 防火墻firmware 固件flag 標記flash memory 閃存flush 刷新font 字體For GUI 界面foreign key (FK) 外鍵(FK) (for database)form 窗體formal parameter 形參forward declaration 前置聲明forward-only 只向前的forward-only cursor 只向前游標 (for database)fragmentation 碎片 (for database)framework 框架full specialization 完全特化function 函數(shù)function call operator (即operator () 函數(shù)調(diào)用操作符function object 函數(shù)對象function overloaded resolution函數(shù)重載決議function template函數(shù)模板functionality 功能functor 仿函數(shù)GAC (global assembly cache) 全局裝配件緩存、全局配件緩存game 游戲GC (Garbage collection) 垃圾回收(機制)、垃圾收集(機制)generate 生成Generating Graphs 圖的生成Generating Partitions 劃分生成Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成generic 泛化的、一般化的、通用的generic algorithm通用算法genericity 泛型getter (相對于 setter)取值函數(shù)global 全局的global object 全局對象global scope resolution operator 全局范圍解析操作符grant 授權(quán) (for database)granularity 粒度Graph Data Structures 圖Graph Isomorphism 同構(gòu)Graph Partition 圖的劃分Graph Problems hard 圖論-NP問題Graph Problems polynomial 圖論-多項式算法group 組、群group box 分組框GUI 圖形界面GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) 全球唯一標識符Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路hand shaking 握手handle 句柄handler 處理器hard disk 硬盤hard-coded 硬編碼的hard-copy 截屏圖hardware 硬件hash table 散列表、哈希表header file頭文件heap 堆help file 幫助文件hierarchical data 階層式數(shù)據(jù)、層次式數(shù)據(jù)hierarchy 層次結(jié)構(gòu)、繼承體系high level 高階、高層hook 鉤子Host (application)宿主(應用程序)hot key 熱鍵HTML (HyperText Markup Language) 超文本標記語言HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) 超文本傳輸協(xié)議HTTP pipeline HTTP管道hyperlink 超鏈接icon 圖標IDE (Integrated Development Environment)集成開發(fā)環(huán)境identifier 標識符IDL (Interface Definition Language) 接口定義語言idle time 空閑時間if and only if當且僅當IL (Intermediate Language) 中間語言、中介語言image 圖象IME 輸入法immediate base 直接基類immediate derived 直接派生類immediate updating 即時更新 (for database)implement 實現(xiàn)implementation 實現(xiàn)、實現(xiàn)品implicit 隱式implicit transaction隱式事務 (for database)import 導入in-place active 現(xiàn)場激活increment operator 增加操作符incremental update 增量更新 (for database)Independent Set 獨立集index 索引 (for database)infinite loop 無限循環(huán)infinite recursive 無限遞歸information 信息infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施inheritance 繼承、繼承機制initialization 初始化initialization list 初始化列表、初始值列表initialize 初始化inline 內(nèi)聯(lián)inline expansion 內(nèi)聯(lián)展開inner join 內(nèi)聯(lián)接 (for database)instance 實例instantiated 具現(xiàn)化、實體化(常應用于template)instantiation 具現(xiàn)體、具現(xiàn)化實體(常應用于template)integrate 集成、整合integrity 完整性、一致性integrity constraint完整性約束 (for database)interacts 交互interface 接口interoperability 互操作性、互操作能力interpreter 解釋器interprocess communication (IPC)進程間通訊(IPC)Intersection Detection 碰撞測試introspection 自省invariants 不變性invoke 調(diào)用isolation level 隔離級別 (for database)item 項、條款、項目iterate 迭代iteration 迭代(回圈每次輪回稱為一個iteration)iterative 反復的、迭代的iterator 迭代器JIT compilation JIT編譯 即時編譯Job Scheduling 工程安排Kd-Trees 線段樹key 鍵 (for database)key column 鍵列 (for database)Knapsack Problem 背包問題laser 激光late binding 遲綁定left outer join 左向外聯(lián)接 (for database)level 階、層例library 庫lifetime 生命期、壽命Linear Programming 線性規(guī)劃link 連接、鏈接linkage 連接、鏈接linker 連接器、鏈接器list 列表、表、鏈表list box 列表框literal constant 字面常數(shù)livelock 活鎖 (for database)load 裝載、加載load balancing 負載平衡loader 裝載器、載入器local 局部的local object 局部對象lock 鎖log 日志login 登錄login security mode登錄安全模式 (for database)Longest Common Substring 最長公共子串lookup table 查找表 (for database)loop 循環(huán)loose coupling 松散耦合lvalue 左值machine code 機器碼、機器代碼macro 宏maintain 維護Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割managed code 受控代碼、托管代碼Managed Extensions 受控擴充件、托管擴展managed object 受控對象、托管對象mangled namemanifest 清單manipulator 操縱器(iostream預先定義的一種東西)many-to-many relationship 多對多關(guān)系 (for database)many-to-one relationship 多對一關(guān)系 (for database)marshal 列集Matching 匹配Matrix Multiplication 矩陣乘法Medial-Axis Transformation 中軸變換Median and Selection 中位數(shù)member 成員member access operator 成員取用運算子(有dot和arrow兩種)member function 成員函數(shù)member initialization list成員初始值列表memberwise 以member為單元、members 逐一memberwise copymemory 內(nèi)存memory leak 內(nèi)存泄漏menu 菜單message 消息message based 基于消息的message loop 消息環(huán)message queuing消息隊列metadata 元數(shù)據(jù)metaprogramming元編程method 方法micro 微middle tier 中間層middleware 中間件MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension 多用途 Internet 郵件擴展Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成樹Minkowski Sum Minkowski和modeling 建模modeling language 建模語言modem 調(diào)制解調(diào)器modifier 修飾字、修飾符module 模塊most derived class最底層的派生類Motion Planning 運動規(guī)劃mouse 鼠標multi-tasking 多任務multi-thread 多線程multicast delegate 組播委托、多點委托multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) 多維OLAP(MOLAP) (for database)multithreaded server application 多線程服務器應用程序multiuser 多用戶mutable 可變的mutex 互斥元、互斥體named parameter 命名參數(shù)named pipe 命名管道namespace 名字空間、命名空間native 原生的、本地的native code 本地碼、本機碼Native Image Generator (NGEN)本地映像生成器Nearest Neighbor Search 最近點對查詢nested class 嵌套類nested query 嵌套查詢 (for database)nested table 嵌套表 (for database)network 網(wǎng)絡network card 網(wǎng)卡Network Flow 網(wǎng)絡流nondependent nameNumerical Problems 數(shù)值問題object 對象object based 基于對象的object file 目標文件object model 對象模型object oriented 面向?qū)ο蟮膐bject pooling 對象池化ODBC data source ODBC數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database)ODBC driver ODBC驅(qū)動程序 (for database)ODR (one-definition rule)OLE Automation objects OLE自動化對象 (for database)OLE Automation server OLE自動化服務器 (for database)OLE DB consumer OLE DB使用者 (for database)OLE DB for OLAP 用于OLAP的OLE DB (for database)OLE DB provider OLE DB提供者 (for database)one-to-many relationship 一對多關(guān)系 (for database)one-to-one relationship 一對一關(guān)系 (for database)online analytical processing (OLAP) 聯(lián)機分析處理(OLAP) (for database)online redo log 聯(lián)機重做日志 (for database)online transaction processing (OLTP) 聯(lián)機事務處理(OLTP) (for database)Open Data Services (ODS) 開放式數(shù)據(jù)服務(ODS) (for database)Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) 開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫連接(ODBC) (for database)operand 操作數(shù)operating system (OS) 操作系統(tǒng)operation 操作operator 操作符、運算符optimizer 優(yōu)化器option 選項outer join 外聯(lián)接 (for database)overflow 上限溢位(相對于underflow)overhead 額外開銷overload 重載overload resolution 重載決議overloaded function 重載的函數(shù)overloaded operator 被重載的操作符override 覆寫、重載、重新定義package 包packaging 打包palette 調(diào)色板parallel 并行parameter 參數(shù)、形式參數(shù)、形參parameter list 參數(shù)列表parameterize 參數(shù)化parent class 父類parentheses 圓括弧、圓括號parse 解析parser 解析器part 零件、部件partial specialization 局部特化pass by address 傳址(函式引數(shù)的傳遞方式)(非正式用語)pass by reference 傳地址、按引用傳遞pass by value 按值傳遞pattern 模式PDA (personal digital assistant)個人數(shù)字助理PE (Portable Executable) file 可移植可執(zhí)行文件performance 性能persistence 持久性PInvoke (platform invoke service) 平臺調(diào)用服務pixel 像素placeholder 占位符placement deleteplacement newPlanarity Detection and Embedding 平面性檢測和嵌入platform 平臺POD (plain old data (type)POI (point of instantiation)Point Location 位置查詢pointer 指針poll 輪詢Polygon Partitioning 多邊形分割polymorphism 多態(tài)pooling 池化pop up 彈出式port 端口postfix 后綴precedence 優(yōu)先序(通常用于運算子的優(yōu)先執(zhí)行次序)prefix 前綴preprocessor 預處理器primary key (PK)主鍵(PK) (for database)primary table 主表 (for database)primary template原始模板primitive type 原始類型print 打印printer 打印機Priority Queues 堆procedural 過程式的、過程化的procedure 過程process 進程profile 評測profiler 效能(性能)評測器program 程序programmer 程序員programming編程、程序設(shè)計progress bar 進度指示器project 項目、工程property 屬性protocol 協(xié)議pseudo code偽碼qualified 經(jīng)過資格修飾(例如加上scope運算子)qualified namequalifier 修飾符quality 質(zhì)量queue 隊列race condition 競爭條件（多線程環(huán)境常用語）radian 弧度radio button 單選按鈕raise 引發(fā)(常用來表示發(fā)出一個exception)random number 隨機數(shù)Random Number Generation 隨機數(shù)生成range 范圍、區(qū)間Range Search 范圍查詢rank 等級raw 未經(jīng)處理的re-direction 重定向readOnly只讀record 記錄 (for database)recordset 記錄集 (for databaserecursion 遞歸recursive 遞歸refactoring 重構(gòu)refer 引用、參考reference 引用、參考reference counting引用計數(shù)referential integrity (RI)引用完整性(RI) (for database)reflection 反射refresh data 刷新數(shù)據(jù) (for database)register 寄存器regular expression 正則表達式relational database 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫remote 遠程remote request 遠程請求represent 表述，表現(xiàn)resolution 解析過程resolve 解析、決議result set 結(jié)果集 (for database)retrieve data 檢索數(shù)據(jù)return 返回return type 返回類型return value 返回值revoke 撤銷right outer join 右向外聯(lián)接 (for database)robust 健壯robustness 健壯性roll back 回滾 (for database)roll forward 前滾 (for database)routine 例程row 行 (for database)row lock 行鎖 (for database)rowset 行集 (for database)RPC (remote procedure call)RPC(遠程過程調(diào)用)runtime 執(zhí)行期、運行期、執(zhí)行時、運行時rvalue 右值Satisfiability 可滿足性save 保存savepoint 保存點 (for database)SAX (Simple API for XML)scalable 可伸縮的、可擴展的schedule 調(diào)度scheduler 調(diào)度程序schema 模式、綱目結(jié)構(gòu)scope 作用域、生存空間scope operator 生存空間操作符scope resolution operator 生存空間解析操作符screen 屏幕scroll bar滾動條SDK (Software Development Kit)軟件開發(fā)包sealed class 密封類search 查找Searching 查找semantics 語義semaphore 信號量sequential container序列式容器serial 串行serialization/serialize 序列化server 服務器、服務端server cursor服務端游標、服務器游標 (for database)session 會話 (for database)Set and String Problems 集合與串的問題Set Cover 集合覆蓋Set Data Structures 集合Set Pa