中考英語首字母填空題技巧講解

大龍教育 你身邊的教育專家首字母填空講解首字母填空類短文題是近幾年中考試題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一，因為它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉開考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測試的范疇，它考查的范圍極廣，可以是英語知識的方方面面，還可能涉及其它學科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫出來，并且單詞形式合理，符合語法規(guī)范，符合短文需要。這種試題的首字母已給，所填的就必須是該字母開頭的單詞。這既是一種限制，又是一種提示?？墒沁@種題型因難度相對較大，考生失分現(xiàn)象比較嚴重。學生要仔細閱讀全文，利用上下文提供的有關(guān)信息，再仔細閱讀相關(guān)句子，判斷所缺單詞的句子成分，才能完成練習。完型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型，最能測量考生實際運用語言的能力。要做好此類題目，考生不但要有較強的語感，善于體會上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，而且要有扎實的語言知識儲備和較大的詞匯量。考查重點是名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類。做好首字母填空要注意以下幾點1.單詞量。很多學生做不好首字母填空很重要的一點原因是學過的單詞沒掌握。每當看到一個首字母，腦子中應(yīng)該迅速閃過好幾個詞，然后根據(jù)句意選擇最合適的一個?；蛘叻催^來，用意義對單詞，先看句子是什么意思，然后根據(jù)意思填出合適的單詞。2.平時注意積累詞組、習慣用法和固定搭配。3.一定注意上下句的聯(lián)系。很多情況下。你要填的單詞在上文或者下文出現(xiàn)過了，所以說試卷中不是沒有答案，而是你要有一雙發(fā)現(xiàn)答案的眼睛。還有一個情況是在一句話中，可能會出現(xiàn)反義詞，也就是說你要填的單詞是上文或下文中一個詞的反義詞。4.利用詞性幫助判斷。根據(jù)上下文及該句判斷詞性，再結(jié)合首字母確定該詞的意思。（要有一定的句法知識）5.注意檢查。這里有個方法可以一試，默讀，利用語感和自己的語法知識填空。如果讀著不順，就有可能有錯誤。掌握正確的解題方法和技巧是十分必要的。u 通讀全文，了解大意 短文中雖有一些詞未知，但不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解。在初步閱讀中，可以跳過空格，盡量捕捉文章所提供的內(nèi)容信息，以及語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析與判斷。 u 再讀全文，理清脈絡(luò) 通讀全文、掌握大意后，還應(yīng)逐字逐句地仔細閱讀，從文意中找出句與文、句與句、詞與句、詞與詞之間的關(guān)系，尤其是一些不易察覺的、隱含的微妙關(guān)系，用已知信息去獲取未知信息，以便初步確定答案。在答題過程中，同學們可以把有把握的詞先填好，逐步減少空格對閱讀造成的障礙，然后再仔細推敲剩下的難題。 u 仔細推敲，確保準確 詞義判斷正確了不等于答題正確，同學們還應(yīng)從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答案的準確性。有的學生經(jīng)過思考確定了一個意思正確的詞作為答案，但忽略了從語法角度再進行驗證，因而出現(xiàn)了一些與時態(tài)、人稱等有關(guān)的詞形變化的錯誤。如果填的詞是名詞，首先要考慮到單、復(fù)數(shù)的問題；如果是動詞，要考慮應(yīng)使用什么時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 u 注意：填入的詞既能使句意通順，又能做到語法、用詞搭配的正確。如bought易誤答成buy；lights易誤答成light；reaches易誤答成reach; heavier易誤答成heavy等。 因此，在初步確定答案后，一定還要反復(fù)考慮，仔細推敲，確保用詞準確u 復(fù)讀全文，全面檢查 答題完畢后復(fù)讀全文，進行核查是必不可少的。做完題后，一定要認真檢查，盡量減少粗心所致的筆誤或拼寫錯誤，對有疑問的地方，更要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、上下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯發(fā)展進行反復(fù)斟酌，這樣才能盡量避免失分。例題解析： There was an old man who loved money very much. He n 1 gave anything to anybody. After some years he became r 2 . One day he was walking near the river with his friends when he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and Ill p 3 you out！”The rich m 4 head went down the water a 5 then came up again, but he did not g 6 his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again the s 7 thing happened. Then a 8 friend, Nasreddin, said, “Take my hand and Ill pull you out!” The rich man took his hand and Nasreddin pulled him out of the water. “You dont know your friend very w 9 .” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say Give！ to him, he d 10 nothing, but when you say Take！ he always takes.”首字母填空訓練：(1)Bats(蝙蝠) are the only flying animals in the world. It is k 1 to all that they cannot see very well. As b 2 as a bat is often heard. Yet, they have no t 3 flying on the darkest nights and f 4 their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly b 5 radar(雷達). The bats radar w 6 the same way as the radar on ships and planes. As a bat flies t 7 the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 8 , they will come back and the bats ears will r 9 the message. In this way, the bat is a 10 to know where the things are. Bats go out for f 11 at night. In the daytime, they hang in some d 12 places. （2）Tennis is in its second life. Its first game b 1 in France. The name of the game comes from the French word tennez. The English men c 2 the game tennis when they watched the Frenchmen play 800 years ago. The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city,just l 3 today. The two countries played a 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w 5 money. Later people began cheating（欺騙）to get money. Threehundred years ago the game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game a 6 disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. They learned w 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had b 8 . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become p 9 in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 10 games in the world again. 例題答案與簡析： 守財奴鬧出了笑話。文中談了一次救人的過程，解題時要根據(jù)當時的情況特別注意“give”和“take”的妙用。 1. never. 因為love money,所以他決不會“給予”。never意為“從不”。 2. rich. rich是形容詞，作表語。由于從不施舍，幾年后他就富有了。 3. pull. pull.out意為“把拉出來”。 4. mans. head 為名詞，要選用man的所有格形式。 5. and. and then.意為“后來又”。and起并列作用。 6. give. give.to.意為“把給”。 7. same. 句意為：又發(fā)生了同樣的情況。 8. another. another表示不定指的“又一個，另一個”。 9. well. well為副詞，know well意思是“很了解”。 10. does. 這句話是引述原話，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。do nothing表示“什么事都不干”。 (3)There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t 1 to make money in order to pay the high tuition(學費）for my brother and me. They h 2 say I love you or send f 3 to each other. Besides，my father has a bad temper(脾氣). It is easy for him to lose his temper w 4 hes very tired from the hard work. I didnt know whether there was love between them u 5 one spring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hospital, they both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness.After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldnt walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him.Dad，how are you f 9 now? I asked him one day.Susan, dont worry about me. he said I 10 a low voi