工商管理專業(yè)英語詞匯[1].doc

臨沂師范學院工商管理專業(yè)英語詞匯工商管理專業(yè)英語詞匯手冊商 學 院2009年1月目錄管理學3組織行為學5市場營銷學11經(jīng)濟學28商務談判34財務管理40質量管理4750管理學absenteeism缺勤率 achievement-oriented leadership成就取向型領導 acquisition購買 adaptability適應性administrative ability行政管理能力administrator 行政人員 advanced technology先進技術 affection情感 affiliation needs 歸屬的需要 affiliation歸屬aggressiveness進取性antagonism 敵對appraisal tool評價工具 appraisal鑒定 approval procedure 批準程序 approval批準 aspiration抱負 assessment 評估 attitude態(tài)度authority職權 autocratic leader專制式領導balance sheet資產(chǎn)負債表 behavior science行為科學behavior表現(xiàn) board of director董事會 bonus獎金 budget預算 business ethics competitive price有競爭力的價格 business 商業(yè)capacity to produce生產(chǎn)能力 capital outlay 資本支出 capital shortage資金短缺cash flow現(xiàn)金流量 cash position 現(xiàn)金狀況 company image公司形象 company公司 compensation報酬 controlling 控制confidence信心 conflict of interests利益沖突 conflict 沖突 conglomerate resource大型聯(lián)合企業(yè)資源 consistency strategy應變策略 consistency一致性control device控制手段 coordinate協(xié)調 counselor顧問 customer service strategy顧客服務策略 delegation of authority授權 democratic leader民主式領導 demographic factor人口因素 derivative policy派生政策 desire欲望 deviation偏差 devotion 奉獻 discretion 靈活性 diversification多種經(jīng)營 dividend股息 division general manager分公司總經(jīng)理 dynamic 動態(tài)的 eclectic折中 economic system經(jīng)濟體系effectiveness 效果efficiency效率 end result 最終結果 enterprise企業(yè)enthusiasm熱情entrepreneur企業(yè)家equipment 設備 esteem needs尊敬的需要 esteem尊敬expense account開支帳戶 external environment外部環(huán)境 feasibility可行性 feedback反饋 flexible靈活的 followership追隨 franchise 特許經(jīng)營 free-rein leader自由放任式領導 general manager總經(jīng)理 geographic factor地理因素 group objective 集體目標growth goal增長目標 human input人力投入 human relation人際關系 hygiene motivator保健激勵因素 individuality個性 industry產(chǎn)業(yè)ingredient要素 innovation 創(chuàng)新 inspection record檢驗記錄 inspire鼓舞 instrumental leadership指導型領導 intelligence智力 internal environment內部環(huán)境interpersonal skills人際交往能力 inventory存貨 joint venture合資企業(yè) labor dispute勞資糾紛 labor-hour工時 latitude自主權 law法律 layoff解雇 leader behavior領導行為 leading 領導liquidation strategy破產(chǎn)政策 loyalty忠誠 machine-hour機時 machinery機器 maintenance 維持 major decision主要決定 management by objectives目標管理 managerial decision管理決策商業(yè)道德 managerial function管理職能manager經(jīng)理market share市場占有率 merit system考績制度 mission/ objective 目標 modern operational management現(xiàn)代經(jīng)營管理morale士氣 motivate 激勵 motivational techniques激勵方法 motivation激勵needs for self-actualization自我實現(xiàn)的需要 obedience 服從 opportunity機會 optimistic樂觀的 organizational culture組織文化 organizing 組織 overall budget總預算 participative leadership參與型領導 payroll工資表 performance業(yè)績performance業(yè)績 personal interest個人利益 persistence毅力 personal responsibility個人責任 personal worth個人價值 personality性格 pervasiveness fear普遍性憂慮 pessimistic悲觀的 physiological needs生理的需要 planning計劃 power權利policy 政策 portfolio matrix資產(chǎn)組合距陣 practitioner實際工作者 prejudice偏見 pressure壓力 primacy 領先性 principle原理priority 優(yōu)先 probability概率 procedure程序 process步驟 procurement采購 productivity生產(chǎn)率productivity生產(chǎn)率 product產(chǎn)品 product line產(chǎn)品系列profitability利潤率 public responsibility社會責任 profit利潤promotion晉升 program規(guī)劃 proprietary product專利產(chǎn)品psychology心理學 public relation公共關系 quality of products產(chǎn)品質量 quantitative objective 定量目標 定性目標 record of labor-hours lost誤工記錄recruit招聘 regulation 法規(guī) reinforcement theory強化理論 resentment 忿恨 resistance 抵制 responsibility職責retail零售retrenchment strategy緊縮政策 return on investment投資回報 review審查 reward獎勵 rival競爭對手 rule規(guī)則 safety安全 sales volume銷售量 satisfaction滿意satisfaction滿足 scientific management 科學管理staffing人事supervisor主管人員security needs 安全的需要 select選拔 self-actualization自我實現(xiàn) service服務sick leave病假 size of the organization組織規(guī)模static 靜止的 status地位 stock option 股票期權 strength優(yōu)勢 structure結構 style 作風 subconscious潛意識 subordinate下級 supplier供貨商 supportive leadership支持型領導surplus盈余 synergy共同作用 tactics戰(zhàn)術 tax rate 稅收率 technique方法 the commitment principle投入原則 the contingency approach隨機制宜法 the cooperative social systems approach協(xié)作社會系統(tǒng)法 the decision theory approach 決策理論法 the empirical approach經(jīng)驗法the group behavior approach集體行為法 the interpersonal behavior approach人際行為法the mathematical approach數(shù)學法 the managerial grid管理方格圖 the managerial roles approach管理任務法 the operational approach經(jīng)營法the social-technical systems approach社會技術系統(tǒng)法 the systems approach系統(tǒng)法 threat威脅 train 培訓 trait 品質 turnover人員流動 vacation休假 value 價值 vendor 小販 wage rate工資率 weakness 弱點 welfare 福利 wholesale批發(fā) work efficiency工作效率 zeal熱誠 組織行為學absences 缺勤achievement motivation 成就動機acquired immune deficiency syndrome( aids )愛滋病action research 行動研究active listening 主動的傾聽adult ego state) 成人自我心態(tài)affiliation motivation 親和動機affirmative action 認可性行動alienation疏離appraisal interview考評面談area of job freedom工作自由領域assertiveness果斷at-risk pay風險工資attitudes態(tài)度attribution歸因autocratic leaders獨裁型領導者autocratic model獨裁模型autonomy自主baseline information基準信息bases of power權力基礎behavioral bias行為偏見behavioral intentions行為意向biofeedback生理反饋body language身體語言boundary roles邊緣角色boundary spanners邊界人員brainstorming頭腦風暴法change agents變革顧問changing變革charisma領導魅力child ego state兒童自我心態(tài)clarified thinking澄清思維closed-end questions封閉式問題closed questions集中式問題cluster chain簇式溝通鏈coach教練codetermination協(xié)同決定coercive power強制性權力cognitive dissonance認知失調cohesiveness凝聚力collectivism集體主義collegial model合作模型committee委員會communication溝通communication overload 溝通過度communication process溝通過程comparable worth可比較的價值competence motivation能力動機complementary transaction互補式交互作用complete pay program完全工資方案conceptual skills概念技能conditional strokes有條件的肯定conflict沖突conformity服從confronting正視consensus一致意見consideration關懷consultative management協(xié)商式管理contingency approach to ob ob的權變方法contingency model of leadership領導的權變模型core dimension工作的核心維度corrective discipline糾正性紀律cost-benefit analysis成本收益分析cost-reward comparison成本回報比較counseling咨詢服務counseling functions咨詢功能credibility gap信用差距cross-cultural communication跨文化溝通crossed transaction交叉式交互作用cultural contingency文化權變cultural distance文化距離cultural diversity文化多樣性cultural empathy文化認同cultural shock文化沖擊custodial model監(jiān)護模型decision-making model of leadership領導的決策模型defensive reasoning防御型推理deferred judgment延遲判斷delegation授權development level發(fā)展程度devils advocate魔鬼代言人dialectic decision method( ddm) 辯證決策法directive counseling指導式咨詢discharge解雇discipline紀律discrimination歧視division of work工作劃分double-loop learning雙回路學習downward communication下行溝通drives驅力dysfunctional effect消極影響ecological control生態(tài)控制economic incentive system經(jīng)濟刺激系統(tǒng)ego states自我心態(tài)elaborating夸大electronic brainstorming電子化頭腦風暴法electronic grapevine電子化的小道消息electronic mail ( e-mail) 電子郵件electronic monitoring電子監(jiān)控emotional catharsis感情宣泄employee assistance program支持員工方案employee ownership員工所有制employee territories員工領地employment enrichment就業(yè)豐富化empowerment授權enhancers for leadership領導的放大器enriched sociotechnical work system豐富的社會技術工作體系equal employment opportunity ( eeo) 均等就業(yè)機會equal pay act of 1963 1963年公平報酬法案equity sensitivity公平敏感度equity theory公平理論e-r-g model e-r-g模型escalating commitment投入的升級ethical imperative道德約束ethical leadership有道德的領導ethical treatment有道德的對待ethnocentrism民族優(yōu)越感existence needs生存需要expatriates外派人員expectancy期望expectancy model期望模型experiential learning體驗式學習expert power專家性權力extinction消退extrinsic motivators外部激勵因素face saving維持臉面facilitators協(xié)調員fact premises事實前提feedback反饋feedback-seeking behavior尋求反饋的行為feminine societies女性化社會filtering過濾flexible work schedule彈性工作時間表followership skills追隨性技能formal groups正式群體free-rein leaders無控制的領導者frustration挫折感functional effect有益效果fundamental attribution bias基本歸因偏差gain sharing收益分享gain-sharing plan收益分享計劃genetic monitoring基因監(jiān)控genetic testing基因測試geocentric organizations地球中心組織goal setting目標設置goals目標goals of organizational behavior組織行為的研究目標gossip chain流言鏈grapevine小道消息group decision support system群體決策支持系統(tǒng)group dynamics群體動態(tài)性groupthink群體思維growth need成長需要hawthorne effect霍桑效應hidden agendas隱蔽的情緒hierarchy of needs需要層級high context culture高度情境文化higher-order needs高級需要holistic ob 整體obhomeostasis內平衡honesty tests誠實測試human relations人際關系human resources approach to ob 的人力資源方法human skill人際技能humanistic values人文價值觀hygiene factors保健因素iceberg model of counseling冰山咨詢模型impairment testing機能損傷測試imposter phenomenon騙子現(xiàn)象impression management印象管理incentives誘因individual differences個體差異individualism個體主義individualization個性化industrial democracy企業(yè)民主inference推斷informal groups非正式群體informal leader非正式的領導者informal organization非正式組織information technology信息技術initiation of action行為的觸發(fā)inputs投入instrumentality工具性interventions干預intrinsic motivators內源性動機因素job breadth工作廣度job content工作內容job context工作環(huán)境job depth工作深度job diagnostic survey工作診斷調查job enlargement工作擴大化job enrichment工作豐富化job involvement工作投入job rotation工作輪換job satisfaction工作滿意度job satisfaction survey工作滿意度調查job scope工作范圍just-in-time training即時培訓kaizen改善lateral communication同級溝通law of diminishing returns回報遞減法則law of effect效果法則law of individual differences個體差異性法則layoff survivors sickness裁員幸存者憂慮癥leader-member exchange model領導者成員交換模型leader-member relations領導者成員關系leader-position power領導者的職位權力leadership領導leadership style領導風格learned helplessness習得性無助legitimacy of organizational influence組織影響的合法性legitimate power法定性權力liaison individuals傳播小道消息的人life position人生立場linking pin聯(lián)結點locus of control控制點long-term orientation長期取向loose rates寬松的標準low context culture低度背景文化lower-order needs低級需要macro motivation宏觀激勵management by objectives ( mbo) 目標管理management by walking around ( mbwa) 走動式管理managerial grid管理方格論manipulation of people操縱別人masculine societies男性化社會matrix organization矩陣組織mechanistic organization機械化的組織mentor輔導員micro motivation微觀激勵middle-management committees中層管理委員會mission使命models of ob組織行為模型morale士氣motivating potential score ( mps) 激勵潛在指數(shù)動機motivationmotivational factors激勵因素multi-skilling多面手multiculturalism多元文化主義multinational organizations跨國組織mutuality of interest互惠利益natural work module自然工作模塊natural work team自然工作團隊negative reinforcement陰性強化negative strokes負面肯定neighborhoods of offices相鄰辦公室network關系網(wǎng)network charts網(wǎng)絡圖networking組網(wǎng)行為neutralizers緩沖器noise噪音nominal group名義組織nondirective counseling非指導式咨詢nonverbal communication非語言溝通norm of reciprocity互助規(guī)范norms規(guī)范ombudsperson咨詢員open-book management開放式管理open-door policy開門政策open-end questions開放式問題open questions開放問題open system開放系統(tǒng)operant conditioning操作條件作用organic organizations有機的組織organization development ( od) 組織開發(fā)organizational behavior ( ob) 組織行為學organizational behavior modification ( ob mod) 組織行為校正organizational behavior system組織行為系統(tǒng)organizational citizens組織公民organizational citizenship behavior組織公民的行為organizational commitment組織忠誠度organizational culture組織文化organizational learning curve for change組織變革學習曲線organizational politics組織政治organizational socialization組織社會化outcomes結果/產(chǎn)出output restriction產(chǎn)出限制over participation參與過度paper-and-pencil test紙-筆測驗paradigms范式parent ego state家長式自我心態(tài)parochialism鄉(xiāng)土觀念participation參與participative counseling參與式咨詢participative leaders參與型領導者participative management參與型管理path-goal leadership路徑目標領導perceived control知覺到的控制perception知覺perceptual set知覺定式performance appraisal績效評估performance feedback績效反饋performance gaps績效偏差performance monitoring績效監(jiān)視performance-satisfaction-effort loop績效滿意努力環(huán)路personal barriers個人障礙personal power個性權力personal wellness個人幸福philosophy of ob組織行為哲學physical barriers物理障礙physical withdrawal行為退化piece rate計件工資polarization極端化political power政治權力politics政治polygraph多導儀positive reinforcement陽性強化positive strokes正面的肯定post-traumatic stress disorder創(chuàng)傷后遺癥power權力power distance權力距離power motivation權力動機practice實踐prejudice偏見preventive discipline預防性紀律primary needs基本需要primary outcomes首要產(chǎn)出proactive主動procedure工作程序process consultation進展咨詢productivity勞動生產(chǎn)率profit sharing利潤分享progressive discipline累進式紀律psychic costs精神代價psychological contract心理契約psychological distance心理距離psychological stress evaluator心理壓力測評器psychological support心理支持psychological withdrawal心理退化punishment懲罰quality circles質量小組quality of work life ( qwl) 工作生活質量quick fixes快速到位rate setting標準設定reactive反應性的readability可讀性realistic job previews實際工作預覽reference group參照群體refreezing鞏固reinforcement強化reinforcement, continuous連續(xù)性強化reinforcement, fixed-interval固定間隔的強化reinforcement, fixed-ratio固定比率的強化reinforcement, variable-interval可變間隔的強化reinforcement, variable-ratio可變比率的強化程序reinforcement schedules強化程序relatedness need關系需要relaxation response放松反應reliability信度reorientation再定位repatriation歸國人員research研究resilience彈性resistance to change對變革的抵制result-oriented approach to ob的結果導向方法retraining再培訓reverse cultural shock逆向文化沖擊reward power獎賞權力rights of privacy隱私權risky shift風險偏移role角色role ambiguity角色模糊role conflict角色沖突role models角色模型role perceptions角色知覺rumor謠言sabbatical leaves安息日假期sanctions獎懲制度secondary needs次級需要secondary outcomes次級產(chǎn)出selective perception選擇性知覺self-actualization自我實現(xiàn)self-appraisal自我評價self-concept自我概念self-efficacy自我效能感self-fulfilling prophecy自我實現(xiàn)預期self-leadership自我領導self-managing teams自我管理團隊self-perceived task ability自己知覺的工作能力self-serving bias自我服務偏差semantic barriers語義障礙semantics語義學sexual harassment性騷擾shaping塑造short-circuiting超近路short-term orientation短期取向single-loop learning單路學習situational leadership model情境領導模型skill-based pay技能工資skill variety技能多樣化social cues社會線索social culture社會文化social desirability bias社會贊許性偏差social equilibrium社會均衡social facilitation群體敦促social information processing社會信息處理socialization社會化social leader社交領導social learning theory社會學習理論social loafing群體惰性social desirable responses社會贊許性反應social responsibility社會責任social support社會支持social system社會系統(tǒng)socioeconomic model of decision making決策的經(jīng)濟社會模型sociotechnical system ( sts) approach社會技術系統(tǒng)模型spillover effect溢出效應stages of team development組織發(fā)展的演變status地位status anxiety地位焦慮status deprivation地位喪失status symbols地位象征status system地位系統(tǒng)stress壓力stressors壓力源stress-performance model壓力績效模型stress threshold壓力閥stroking肯定structure結構substitutes for leadership領導的替代品suggestion programs建議計劃super leadership超級領導superordinate goal超凡的目標supportive model支持模型surface agenda表面議題surveillance devices監(jiān)視設施systems approach to obob的系統(tǒng)方法tardiness遲到task identity任務完整性task leader任務領導task significance任務的重要性task structure任務結構task support任務支持task team任務團隊team building團隊建設teamwork團隊合作technical skill技術技能telecommuting電子通勤theft偷竊行為theories理論theory x理論theory y理論theory z理論360-degree feedback度反饋total quality management tqm全面質量管理training multiplier effect培訓放大效應traits特質transactional analysis(ta)交互作用分析tran cultural employees跨文化員工transfer of training培訓轉換transformational leaders轉換型領導者trauma創(chuàng)傷triple-reward system三方受益的系統(tǒng)trust信任tunnel vision管窺turnover離職率two-factor model of motivation雙因素激勵模型two-way communication process雙向溝通過程type a people a型人type b people b型人uncertainty avoidance不確定性規(guī)避unconditional strokes無條件肯定under participation參與不足unfreezing解凍upward communication上行溝通valence效價validity效度value premises價值觀假設valuing diversity重視多樣化violence暴力行為virtual offices虛擬辦公室vision遠景wage incentives獎金刺激whistle-blowing內部員工揭發(fā)willingness to accept the influence of others接受他人影響的意愿win-win outcome of conflict沖突的雙贏結果work change工作變革work ethic工作倫理workplace trauma工作場所創(chuàng)傷workplace violence工作場所的暴力行為xenophobia排外市場營銷學absorption of costs 成本分配accessibility 可進入性accessory equipment markets 附屬設備市場account management policies 客戶管理策略acquisition new-product development strategy 新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)收購戰(zhàn)略activity-based costing 以活動為基礎的成本系統(tǒng)adaptability 適應性adaptation to market variations 適應市場變化adaptive positioning 適應性定位additions to existing product lines 現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品線的增加adequate size 準確的大小/足夠的規(guī)模administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直營銷系統(tǒng)administrative relationships 管理關系adopter categories 采購者的類型adoption process 采購過程advertising and market segmentation 廣告與市場細分advertising and sales promotion 廣告和銷售促進advertising effects 廣告效果advertising ethics 廣