定語從句專題講解課件(共53張PPT)

,定語從句,TheAttributiveClause,Ilikequietmusic.,Ilikemusicthatisquiet.,定語從句,1.什么是定語從句？2.什么是先行詞？3.什么是關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞？如何確定？4.如何把兩個(gè)句子合并為一個(gè)定語從句？,Thinkaboutit,agirlwholikesred.,Iknow,Learntodiscover,定語從句,在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。,兩個(gè)句子,兩個(gè)詞,主句,從句,？,1.Iknowagirl,2.,wholikesred.,Jimreadsbooks,whicharefun.,主句,從句,完整的句子是主句,不完整的句子是從句,3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersons,thattheyaretalkingabout?,兩個(gè)詞,先行詞,關(guān)系代詞,被定語從句修飾的詞,who,which,that,在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。,定語從句,先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞后面。而漢語中的定語則放在被修飾詞之前。,關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。,Maryisabeautifulgirl.,Maryisagirlwhoisbeautiful.,形容詞作定語,句子作定語,修飾girl,叫做定語從句,Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.,先行詞,關(guān)系代詞,定語從句,Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.,Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.,找一找,IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.,Learntothink,關(guān)系代詞,先行詞,決定,先行詞,關(guān)系代詞,人,物,人和物,who,which,that,that,that,whom賓語,Maryisagirl.,Maryhaslonghair.,合并為一個(gè)句子,Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.,Ihaveanapple.,Anappleisred.,Ihaveanapple,thatisred.,修飾先行詞anapple,Ihavesomefriends.,Somefriendslikesports.,Ihavesomefriends,wholikesports.,修飾先行詞friends,Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.,Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.,that修飾先行詞movie,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Thewomanlivesnextdoor.,who修飾先行詞woman,Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._,Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.,Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.,Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.,Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?,1.關(guān)系代詞that,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句:如果先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用that、which.(作主語或賓語),Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.,Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.,Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.,Thedogthat/whichwaslosthasbeenfound.,Practise:1.Thisisthehouse.ThehouseisforsaleThisisthehousethat/whichisforsale.,which/that作主語.(不能省),（作主語）,which/that作賓語：（可省略）,Thisisthecard.Ivejustreceivedthecard.,Thisisthecardwhich/thatIvejustreceived.,Practise:1.Thisisthemistake.Ialwaysmakemistake.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake2.Istillkeeptheletters.Shewrotetheletterstome.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.,(),（作賓語）,(),2.關(guān)系代詞who,that,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句:如果先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)用who,that(作主語或賓語)whom(作賓語),who/that作主語.(不能省),Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.,ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主語),TheboycalledRoy.Theboybrokethewindow.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledRoy.,/that,Practise:,who/whom/that作賓語：(可省略),Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.,Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作賓語）,Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.,Thethief(who/that/whom)thepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.,Practise:,小結(jié)：1).that既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。2).which指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略.,3).who指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略,（常用whom）,注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。,定語從句的用法:,當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),用which或that引導(dǎo).,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),用who,whom,whose,that引導(dǎo).,who,whom,whose,that用法區(qū)別.,who作定語從句的主語或賓語.,Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.,Themanisaworker.,Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.,分解,作主語,Whom作定語從句的賓語,Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Theywantedtovisitthewoman.,分解,作賓語,whose作定語從句的定語.,Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.,分解,Iknowthegirl.,Thegirlsmotherisateacher.,作定語,that可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.,注意:關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)可省略.,Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.,有時(shí)只能用that,不用which,常見的情況有六種：,當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它們修飾時(shí)。1).ThatsallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.,2).ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時(shí)。1).ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.,2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.,5.先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.,Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?,4.當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.,關(guān)系代詞只用which不用that情況,1.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。,2.先行詞本身是that.,whose作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。,Theboyismyclassmate.Theboysfatherisapoliceman.,Theboywhosefatherisapolicemanismyclassmate.,【巧學(xué)妙記】定語從句的用法主句型，從句型，兩種句子要完整。從句緊跟先行詞，關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)要弄清。定人要用who或whom，定物which當(dāng)先用。關(guān)系代詞用that，定人定物有本領(lǐng)。when用來定時(shí)間，where用來定地點(diǎn)。關(guān)系代詞作成分，唯作賓語可省略。,Exercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.,Exercise2.,Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?,that,that,that,當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,all等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.,4.Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.,that,that,當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.,6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.,當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.,that,that,先行詞,1.Iknowagirlwho_(like)red.,先行詞,2.Jimreadsbookswhich_(be)fun.,先行詞,3.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthatthey_(be)talkingabout?,先行詞,決定,關(guān)系代詞,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式,likes,are,are,定語從句中的主謂一致,Themp4that_beengiventomeishome-made.(have)I,who_yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.(be),關(guān)系代詞做從句的主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致，先行詞是句子時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。,has,am,Learntopractice,1.Tomisoneoftheboysthat_(be)fromtheUSA.,2.Tomistheonlyboythat_(be)fromtheUSA.,are,is,【注意】,Heisoneofthestudentswho_madegreatprogress.MrWangistheonlyoneofmyfriendswho_beeninvitedtohavedinnerwithus.(have),oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但若one前有the（only）the（just）the（very）修飾時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,have,has,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,which/that,whose,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,Exercise,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.,2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.,4.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.,5.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevinisreadingabook_istoodifficultforhim.,which/that,7.Isthereanything_youwanttobuyinthetown.,8.All_wecandoistostudyhard.,9.Thefirstone_standsupisalittleboy.,that,that,that,10.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMrBall.11.Theteacherfrom_IlearntmostwasMrsZhu.12.Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.13.Thegirl_youarelookingforisintheclassroom.14.Themeeting_weshalltakepartinwillbeheldinahotel.15.Thefactory_Iworkedinforovertwoyearshasbeenclosed.16.Theairport_is30kilometresawayistheonlyo