2.6mta煉焦煤選煤廠初步設(shè)計(jì)(cad圖紙聯(lián)系本人) 翻譯

科技大學(xué)英文翻譯題目英文翻譯院（系、部_化學(xué)與化工學(xué)院_專業(yè)及班級(jí)_礦物加工_姓名_指導(dǎo)教師_日期_2010320_PHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSINCOALFLOTATIONABSTRACTCOALFLOTATIONISACOMPLEXPROCESSINVOLVINGSEVERALPHASESPARTICLES,OILDROPLETSANDAIRBUBBLESTHESEPHASESSIMULTANEOUSLYINTERACTWITHEACHOTHERANDWITHOTHERSPECIESSUCHASTHEMOLECULESOFAPROMOTINGREAGENTANDDISSOLVEDIONSINWATERTHEPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSDETERMINETHEOUTCOMEOFTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSBETWEENFINECOALPARTICLESCOULDLEADTOAGGREGATION,ESPECIALLYFORHIGHRANKCOALSNONSELECTIVEPARTICLEAGGREGATIONCOULDBESAIDTOBETHEMAINREASONFORTHESELECTIVITYPROBLEMSINCOALFLOTATIONITSHOULDBEADDRESSEDBYPHYSICALCONDITIONINGORCHEMICALPROMOTERSPRETREATMENTBEFOREORDURINGFLOTATIONALTHOUGHTHEINTERACTIONSBETWEENTHEOILDROPLETSANDCOALPARTICLESAREACTUALLYFAVORED,STABILIZATIONOFTHEOILDROPLETSBYSMALLAMOUNTSOFFINEHYDROPHOBICPARTICLESMAYLEADTOADECREASEINSELECTIVITYANDANINCREASEINOILCONSUMPTIONTHESEPROBLEMSCOULDBEREMEDIEDBYUSEOFPROMOTERSTHATMODIFYTHECOALSURFACEFORSUITABLEPARTICLEPARTICLE,DROPLETPARTICLEANDPARTICLEBUBBLECONTACTWHILEEMULSIFYINGTHEOILDROPLETSTHEROLEOFPROMOTERSMAYBEDIFFERENTFORDIFFERENTTYPESOFCOALS,HOWEVERTHEYCOULDBEEMPLOYEDASMODIFIERSTOINCREASETHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFLOWRANKCOALSWHEREASTHEIRMAINROLEMIGHTBEEMULSIFICATIONANDAGGREGATIONCONTROLFORHIGHRANKCOALSINTHISPAPER,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEVARIOUSPHASESINCOALFLOTATION,THEIRPHYSICALANDCHEMICALINTERACTIONSWITHEACHOTHERINTHEFLOTATIONPULP,THEMAJORPARAMETERSTHATAFFECTTHESEINTERACTIONSANDHOWTHESEINTERACTIONS,INTURN,INFLUENCETHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREDISCUSSEDAUTHORKEYWORDSCOALFLOTATIONAGGREGATION1INTRODUCTIONCONVENTIONALFROTHFLOTATIONFORFINECOALCLEANINGSUFFERSMAINLYFROMTWOPROBLEMSIALACKOFSELECTIVITYFORFASTFLOATINGHIGHRANKCOALSDUETOTHEFLOTATIONOFMIDDLINGSANDENTRAINMENTOFMINERALFINESINTHEFROTH,ANDIILOWRECOVERIESFORHEAVILYOXIDIZEDORLOWRANKCOALSDUETOPOORADHESIONBETWEENBUBBLESANDPARTICLESTHESESHORTCOMINGSCANBEADDRESSEDAPPRECIABLYBYSELECTIONOFBETTERPROCESSCONTROLANDBYUSEOFMULTISTAGEFLOTATIONCIRCUITSOLSONANDAPLAN,1984ANDARNOLD,2000,WHICH,INTURN,REQUIRESAGOODUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEROLESANDBEHAVIOROFVARIOUSCOMPONENTSINTHEFLOTATIONPULPANDTHEMECHANISMSINVOLVEDINTHISPAPER,ADETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEVARIOUSPHASESINTHECOALFLOTATIONPULP,THEIRINTERACTIONSWITHEACHOTHERANDHOWTHESEINTERACTIONSAFFECTTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREDISCUSSED2DISPERSEPHASESINCOALFLOTATIONTHEREARETHREEDISPERSEDPHASESTHATCONSTITUTEFLOTATIONPULPCOALPARTICLES,OILDROPLETSANDAIRBUBBLESTHESEPHASESINTERACTINWATERASTHEMEDIUMTHROUGHVARIOUSSUBPROCESSESDURINGFLOTATIONWHICHAREIDENTIFIEDINFIG1SEVERALPARAMETERSAFFECTTHESESUBPROCESSESANDHENCETHEOUTCOMEOFTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSTHESEPARAMETERSAREDIVIDEDINTOFOURGROUPSASILLUSTRATEDINFIG2THESEAREMATERIAL,CHEMICAL,OPERATIONALANDEQUIPMENTPARAMETERSTHEPARAMETERSTHATMIGHTFLUCTUATEANDNEEDADJUSTMENTONAREGULARBASISEGDAILYAREREFERREDTOASLEVELIPARAMETERSTHOSETHATARESETDURINGTHEDESIGNSTAGEORAFTERAMAJORRENOVATIONAREREFERREDTOASLEVELIIPARAMETERSSOMEPARAMETERSARENOTCONTROLLEDDUETOINHERENTMATERIALCHARACTERISTICSANDPRACTICALLIMITATIONS,ANDTHEYAREREFERREDTOASTHELEVELIIIPARAMETERSSOMEEXAMPLESOFTHESEPARAMETERSARELISTEDINFIG2ADETAILEDDISCUSSIONOFVARIOUSPHASESANDTHEEFFECTOFTHEIRINTERACTIONSONTHEFLOTATIONPROCESSAREPRESENTEDBELOWFULLSIZEIMAGE21KFIG1ASCHEMATICREPRESENTATIONOFVARIOUSSUBPROCESSESINCOALFLOTATIONFULLSIZEIMAGE34KFIG2PROCESSVARIABLESINFLOTATION21COALCOALISDEFINEDASAHETEROGENEOUSCOMBUSTIBLESEDIMENTARYROCKFORMEDFROMPLANTREMAINSINVARIOUSSTAGESOFPRESERVATIONBYPROCESSES,WHICHINVOLVEDTHECOMPACTIONOFTHEMATERIALBURIEDINBASINS,INITIALLYOFMODERATEDEPTHIHCP,1963WITHANASHCONTENTOFLESSTHAN50ECEUNDOCUMENT,1991SOMEOTHERCLASSIFICATIONSOFCOALSAREALSOGIVENINTHELITERATURELEMOSDESOUSAETAL,1992THREEMAINPARAMETERSARECONSIDEREDINCLASSIFYINGCOALS,NAMELYTYPE,WHICHREFERSTOTHEPETROGRAPHICCOMPOSITION,RANK,WHICHREFERSTOTHELEVELOFCOALIFICATION,ANDGRADE,WHICHREFERSTOTHEAMOUNTOFINORGANICMATTERCONTENTMICROSCOPICALLY,COALHASACROSSLINKEDNETWORKSTRUCTUREOFPOLYMERICMACROMOLECULESASINDICATEDBYINSOLUBILITYANDSWELLINGOFCOALINANORGANICSOLVENTIINO,2000ANDMARZEC,2002MACROSCOPICALLY,ITISMADEUPOFFINELYMIXEDDISCRETEORGANICENTITIESKNOWNASMACERALS,WHICHFALLINTOTHREEMAINGROUPSWITHDIFFERENTPHYSICALANDCHEMICALPROPERTIESVITRINITE,EXINITELIPTINITEANDINERTINITEJIMENEZETAL,1998THEBANDSOFTHESEMACERALS,WHICHCANBEDISTINGUISHEDBYNAKEDEYE,ARECALLEDLITHOTYPESTHEMAINLITHOTYPESAREVITRAINVITRINITERICH,FUSAININERTINITERICH,CLARAINVITRINITEANDEXINITERICHANDDURAININERTINITEANDEXINITERICHVITRINITEISTHEMAJORMACERALGROUPINHUMICCOALSANDCONTRIBUTESSIGNIFICANTLYTOTHEIRBEHAVIORININDUSTRIALPROCESSESRANGINGFROMFLOTATIONTOCOMBUSTIONTOCOKINGALTHOUGHDIFFERENCESINWETTINGBEHAVIOROFVARIOUSMACERALSISWELLRECOGNIZED,THEQUANTIFICATIONOFWETTINGBEHAVIOROFAGIVENCOALSAMPLEREMAINSAFORMIDABLETASKFOREXAMPLE,VITRAINANDFUSAINDIFFERINELEMENTALCOMPOSITION,OXYGENCONTAININGFUNCTIONALGROUPS,HYDROPHOBICITYANDELECTROKINETICBEHAVIORSHUETAL,2002,THEREFORE,DISPLAYDIFFERENTDEGREESOFFLOATABILITYBURDON,1962,SUNANDCOHEN,1969,SARKARETAL,1984,ARNOLDANDAPLAN,1989,HOLUSZKOANDLASKOWSKI,1996,AGUS,1997ANDZHENG,1997APLANANDARNOLD,1986WHOSTUDIEDVARIOUSUSCOALSUSINGCONTACTANGLETOQUANTIFYTHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFCOALMACERALSFOUNDTHATTHEORDEROFHYDROPHOBICITYFROMTHEHIGHESTTOTHELOWESTWASASFOLLOWSLIPTINITEVITRINITEINERTINITEWITHTYPICALCONTACTANGLESRANGINGFROM90TO130,60TO70AND25TO40,RESPECTIVELYNEARLYTHESAMEORDERINGOFLITHOTYPESANDMACERALSFORFLOATABILITYWASOBSERVEDINCONVENTIONALANDCOLUMNFLOTATIONTESTSSUNANDCOHEN,1969,BROWN,1979,ARNOLDANDAPLAN,1988,KIZGUT,1996,ATTIA,1999,BARNWALL,2000ANDHOWERETAL,2000HYDROPHOBICITYOFCOALDEPENDSSTRONGLYONITSRANKASWASSHOWNBYTHECONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTSGUTIERREZRODRIGUEZETAL,1984THECAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLEVARIEDFROM0FORTHELIGNITESTO55FORTHEBITUMINOUSCOALS,DECREASINGDOWNTOAROUND30WITHFURTHERINCREASEINRANKTOANTHRACITEITSHOULDBENOTEDHOWEVERTHATAGIVENCOALWOULDDISPLAYADISTRIBUTIONOFCONTACTANGLESOWINGTOITSHETEROGENEOUSSTRUCTUREINARECENTSTUDY,POLATANDCHANDER,1999SHOWED,USINGAMODIFIEDCONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTMETHOD,THATTHESURFACEOFAHVABITUMINOUSCOALDISPLAYEDADISTRIBUTIONOFCAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLESRANGINGFROM40TO58FIG3ACTHESAMEFIGUREALSOCONTAINSTHECASEWHERETHECONTACTANGLESAREMEASUREDINTHEPRESENCEOFAPEO/PPOBLOCKCOPOLYMERITCANBEOBSERVEDTHATADSORPTIONOFAPROMOTERNOTONLYCHANGESTHEHYDROPHOBICITYOFTHESURFACE,BUTITALSOSEEMSTOMAKETHESURFACEMOREUNIFORMWITHRESPECTTOITSWETTINGCHARACTERFIG3DFULLSIZEIMAGE14KFIG3THECAPTIVEBUBBLECONTACTANGLESONAHVABITUMINOUSCOALBYTHEMODIFIEDCONTACTANGLEMETHODPOLATANDCHANDER,1999THECOALSAMPLEWASFROMPITTSBURGHSEAMDATAINEACHFIGURECORRESPONDTOADIFFERENTSETOFCONTACTANGLEMEASUREMENTSFROM40BUBBLESGRAPHSA,BANDCAREREPEATTESTTODEMONSTRATETHEREPRODUCIBILITYOFTHEMETHODGRAPHDISUNDERIDENTICALCONDITIONSEXCEPTFORTHEPRESENCEOFTHEBLOCKCOPOLYMERL64211EFFECTOFTHESIZEANDLOCKINGOFCOALPARTICLESONFLOTATIONMANYSTUDIESHAVEBEENCONDUCTEDTODETERMINETHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZE,SHAPEANDDEGREEOFPARTICLELOCKINGLIBERATIONONCOALFLOTATIONFOREXAMPLE,VARBANOV,1984CONCLUDEDTHATTHEFLOTATIONRATEDEPENDSSTRONGLYONPARTICLESIZEBUTNOTASMUCHONPARTICLESHAPETHEPARTICLESIZE,WHEREAMAXIMUMINTHEFLOTATIONRATEANDTHEFINALRECOVERYISOBTAINED,VARIESWIDELYDEPENDINGONTHECONDITIONSOFOPERATIONROBINSON,1960,RASTOGIANDAPLAN,1985,POLATETAL,1993,POLATETAL,1994AANDPOLATETAL,1994BTHEFLOTATIONRATEINCREASESINITIALLY,REACHESAMAXIMUMANDDECREASESAFTERWARDSWITHINCREASINGPARTICLESIZETHISISDUETOTHECOMBINEDEFFECTOFTHECOLLISION,ANDATTACHMENT/DETACHMENTSUBPROCESSES,DOMINANTINSMALLANDLARGESIZES,RESPECTIVELYALTAWEELETAL,1986NEVERTHELESS,THEEXACTRELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEPARTICLESIZEANDFLOTATIONRATEISCOMPLEXANDNOTWELLUNDERSTOOD,MOSTPROBABLYDUETOTHEAGGREGATIONOFFINEPARTICLESINFLOTATIONCHANDERANDPOLAT,1995ANDCHANDERETAL,1995HENCE,ITISDIFFICULTTODETERMINETHEEFFECTOFPRIMARYPARTICLESIZEONTHERATEOFFLOTATIONOFFINECOALPARTICLESTHEOILYCOLLECTORISINTRODUCEDINTOANENVIRONMENTWITHMANYFINEPARTICLES,SOMEOFWHICHARESTRONGLYHYDROPHOBICEVENFORMEDIUMRANKCOALSPOLATANDCHANDER,1994OBSERVEDTHATOILDROPLETSAGGREGATEDSTRONGLYINTHEPRESENCEOFFINEHYDROPHOBICPARTICLES,WHILEHYDROPHILICPARTICLESENHANCEDDISPERSIONBYPREVENTINGTHECOALESCENCEOFDROPLETSTHROUGHARETARDATIONOFFILMTHINNINGTHEASSOCIATIONBETWEENTHEORGANICANDMINERALMATTERINCOAL,WHICHGOESFROMMERELYPHYSICALASSOCIATIONTOTRUECHEMICALBONDING,ISALSOIMPORTANTPUSZETAL,1997WHOSTUDIEDTHEDENSITYFRACTIONSOFCOALSUSINGVITRINITEREFLECTANCE,XRAYDIFFRACTION,FTIRANDMOSSBAUERSPECTROSCOPYFOUNDTHEMOSTIMPORTANTIMPURITYINCOALISSULFUR,WHICHISPRESENTINTHERAWCOALASORGANIC,SULFATICORPYRITICFORMSOFTHESE,PYRITICSULFURISOFTENTHEMAJORFORMAND,IFREASONABLYWELLLIBERATED,ISTHEMOSTREADILYREMOVABLEFORSUCCESSFULREMOVALOFMINERALMATTERFROMCOALFORBETTERFROTHQUALITY,THESEIMPURITIESMUSTBELIBERATEDINMOSTCASES,THISCOULDBEACHIEVEDONLYATEXTREMELYFINESIZESOLSONANDAPLAN,1984THOUGHTHEMINERALPARTICLESDECREASETHEFLOATABILITYOFTHEASSOCIATEDCOALPARTICLESDUETOANINCREASEINTHEPARTICLEDENSITYWHICHLEADSTOPOORATTACHMENTEFFICIENCYANDHIGHERDETACHMENTRATES,LOCKEDPARTICLESDOPOSSESSAFINITEPROBABILITYFORFLOTATIONSINCEASMALLFRACTIONOFHYDROPHOBICSURFACEISSUFFICIENTFORATTACHMENTTOAIRBUBBLESLYNCHETAL,1981WITHINAGIVENSIZEFRACTION,THEPARTICLESOFLOWERSPECIFICGRAVITYRELATIVELYPURECOALPARTICLESFLOATMUCHFASTERTHANTHELOCKEDCOALPYRITEORCOALASHPARTICLESORLIBERATEDPYRITETHEUSEOFOILIMPROVESTHEFLOTATIONRATEOFPARTICLESOFALLSIZESANDSPECIFICGRAVITIESTHOUGHTHEEFFECTISMOREFORTHELOCKEDORMINERALPARTICLESOLSONANDAPLAN,1987,POLATETAL,1993,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994BANDZHOUETAL,1993212EFFECTOFTHEOXIDATIONOFCOALPARTICLESINFLOTATIONTHEOXIDATIONOFCOALSSTARTSWITHTHEPHYSICALADSORPTIONOFOXYGENONTHESURFACETOFORMANOXYCOMPLEXTHEN,CHEMICALADSORPTIONOFOXYGENTAKESPLACETOFORMPOLARPHENOLICOH,CARBONYLS,PHENOLSANDPEROXIDETYPEOXYGENATEDMOIETIESBYTHERUPTUREOFCYCLICRINGSSCHLYERANDWOLF,1981,TEKELYETAL,1987,RAMESHANDSOMASUNDARAN,1989ANDSOMASUNDARANETAL,2000THESEPOLARSPECIESLEADSTOTHEFORMATIONOFHUMICACIDS,WHICHTHENDEGRADEINTOSOLUBLEACIDSFUERSTENAUETAL,1987ADSORPTIONOFOXYGENISEXOTHERMICAND,BESIDESTHEMOIETIESFORMEDONTHECOALSURFACE,SUCHREACTIONPRODUCTSASCO,CO2ANDH2OMAYBERELEASEDFROMTHESTRUCTUREITAYETAL,1989THEMOSTSUSCEPTIBLELINKAGESTOOXIDATIONWEREFOUNDTOBETHECH2GROUPSTOPOLYAROMATICSUSINGAVARIETYOFTECHNIQUESSUCHASFTIR,UVFLUORESCENCEANDDRIFTSPECTROSCOPYCALEMMAETAL,1988,KOCHI,1973,KISTERETAL,1988ANDXIAOETAL,1990ANINTERESTINGPOINTONOXIDATIONWASREVEALEDBYMITCHELLETAL,1996WHOSHOWEDTHATBLUELIGHTIRRADIATIONWASALSOASTRONGAGENTINOXIDIZINGTHEVITRINITESURFACESITWASSHOWNUSINGCONTACTANGLE,FILMFLOTATIONANDFLOTATIONTESTSTHATOXIDATIONOFCOALSLOWERSFLOATABILITYANDTHATLOWERRANKCOALSWEREINFLUENCEDMOREBYOXIDATIONFUERSTENAUETAL,1983,FUERSTENAUETAL,1987,FUERSTENAUETAL,1994,GUTIERREZRODRIGUEZANDAPLAN,1984ANDBOLATETAL,1998THEREASONFORTHEDECREASEINFLOATABILITYISDUETOTHEGENERATIONOFPOLARPHENOLICANDCARBOXYLICGROUPS,WHICHAREKNOWNTOINCREASETHEWETTABILITYANDINCREASETHESURFACECHARGE,BOTHOFWHICHAREKNOWNTOBEDETRIMENTALTOFLOTATIONWEN,1977THEEFFECTCOULDBESUBSTANTIALSARIKAYA,1995REPORTEDTHATUPONOXIDATIONTHEFLOTATIONYIELDDROPPEDFROMANINITIAL95DOWNTO24FORABITUMINOUSCOALUSINGALCOHOLTYPEFROTHERONLYSMALLAMOUNTSOFRESIDUALOXYGENARESUFFICIENTTOBRINGABOUTOXIDATIONKOROBETSKIIETAL,1990NATURALOXIDATIONMAINLYAFFECTSTHEEXTERNALSURFACESOFCOAL,HENCE,FORBETTERFLOTATIONRESULTSTHESIZEREDUCTIONMUSTBERETARDEDASLONGASPOSSIBLEFUERSTENAUETAL,1994POLATETAL,1994AANDPOLATETAL,1994BDEMONSTRATEDTHATUPONWEATHERINGCOALPARTICLESDEVELOPEDCRACKSWHOSEEXTENTWASAFUNCTIONOFCOALRANKLOWRANKCOALPARTICLESDEVELOPEDEXTENSIVECRACKSWHEREASHIGHRANKCOALSDIDNOTSEEMTOBEAFFECTEDPHYSICALLYTHISSUGGESTSTHATFORLOWRANKCOALSOXIDATIONMIGHTHAVEITSADVERSEEFFECTATRELATIVELYLARGERPARTICLESIZESDUETOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCRACKSWHICHHELPTHETRANSFEROFOXYGENINTOINTERIOROFTHEPARTICLESFORMATIONOFCRACKSDURINGOXIDATIONCANALSORESULTINTHEPRODUCTIONOFFINERPARTICLES,WHICHMAYBEDIFFICULTTOFLOATINDETERMININGTHEEFFECTOFOXIDATIONONCOALFLOATABILITY,THEBEHAVIOROFTHEASSOCIATEDMINERALMATTER,ESPECIALLYPYRITE,SHOULDALSOBETAKENINTOACCOUNTOXIDATIONOFPYRITELEADSTOTHEGENERATIONOFVARIOUSSOLUBLEINORGANICSTHATCANADSORBONTHECOALSURFACEANDMODIFYITSWETTABILITYWHILEPYRITEITSELFWASREPORTEDTOSHOWIMPROVEDHYDROPHOBICITYUPONOXIDATIONTAOETAL,1994213EFFECTOFCOALPARTICLEPROMOTERINTERACTIONSONFLOTATIONPRMOTERINTERACTIONSONFLOATIONPROMOTERSACTASSURFACEMODIFIERSANDMAYALTERHYDROPHOBICITYDEPENDINGONTHERANKOFCOALANDPROMOTERCONCENTRATIONLASKOWSKI,1993,LASKOWSKIANDMILLER,1984,LASKOWSKIANDROMERO,1996,ONLINANDAPLAN,1987,ONLINANDAPLAN,1989,CHANDERETAL,1994,CHANDERETAL,1996,POLATANDCHANDER,1998,POLATANDCHANDER,1999,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994B,CELIKANDSEYHAN,1995ANDVAMVUKAANDAGRIDIOTIS,2001ACHANGEINTHESURFACEPROPERTIESOFTHECOALPARTICLESAFFECTSTHEIRATTACHMENTANDDETACHMENTCHARACTERISTICSWITHOTHERDISPERSEDPHASESINFLOTATIONPULPINTHEFLOTATIONOFLOWRANKOROXIDIZEDCOALSWITHHIGHLYNEGATIVESURFACESINTHEPHRANGEOF35,THEUSEOFCATIONICPROMOTERSENHANCEFLOTATIONCAMPELLANDSUN,1970,APLAN,1989,ZHENG,1997ANDVAMVUKAANDAGRIDIOTIS,2001BUSTAMANTEANDWOODS,1984FOUNDTHATADSORPTIONOFDODECYLAMMONIUMONNONPOLARPARTSOFTHECOALSURFACEDECREASEDITSHYDROPHOBICITY,WHILEADSORPTIONONTHEMINERALMATTERCAUSEDANINCREASEINHYDROPHOBICITYONWEATHEREDCOALWHEREBOTHTHECARBONACEOUSANDTHEMINERALMATTERWEREEXTENSIVELYNEGATIVELYCHARGED,DODECYLAMMONIUMWASADSORBEDWITHTHEPOLARGROUPINTERACTINGWITHSURFACEANDTHEREFOREALLTYPESOFCOMPOSITEGRAINSBECAMEHYDROPHOBICNONIONICSURFACTANTSANDWATERSOLUBLEPOLYMERSHAVEBEENUTILIZEDTOMODIFYTHECOALSURFACEHARRIS,1995LIETAL,1992WHOUSEDACOMBLIKEPOLYMERFOUNDTHATTHECOALBECAMEMOREHYDROPHOBICWITHINCREASINGPROMOTERCONCENTRATIONREGARDLESSOFITSORIGINALFLOATABILITYTHEPEO/PPO/PEOTRIBLOCKCOPOLYMERSWEREALSOFOUNDTOIMPROVECOALFLOTATIONANDTHEMECHANISMOFPOLYMERACTIONWASAFUNCTIONOFTHECOALRANKPOLATANDCHANDER,1995,POLATANDCHANDER,1998,POLATANDCHANDER,1999,POLATETAL,1994A,POLATETAL,1994B,POLATETAL,1997ANDCHANDER,1997THESEREAGENTSHADDOUBLEEFFECTONFLOTATIONTHEYMODIFIEDTHECOALSURFACEANDALSOTHEYIMPROVEDTHEEMULSIFICATIONOFTHEOILYCOLLECTORFORHIGHRANKCOALS,WHICHUSUALLYREQUIRERELATIVELYSMALLAMOUNTSOFTHECOLLECTOR,THESURFACEMODIFIERFUNCTIONOFTHEPOLYMERSWASDOMINANTOVERTHEIREMULSIFIERFUNCTIONTHEPOLYMERINCREASEDASHREJECTIONINFLOTATIONPRIMARILYBECAUSETHECOALAGGLOMERATES,WHICHWEREOBSERVEDINTHEFLOTATIONCELL,WERESMALLERANDCONSIDEREDTOBEMORESELECTIVEFORMEDIUMANDLOWRANKCOALS,WHERELARGEROILCONCENTRATIONSWEREREQUIRED,THEPOLYMERACTEDBOTHASANEMULSIFIERANDASURFACEMODIFIERITWASSUGGESTEDBASEDONTHESURFACETENSIONANDCONTACTANGLESTUDIESTHATADSORPTIONOFTHEBLOCKCOPOLYMERSATCOAL/WATERINTERFACEOCCURREDBYADSORPTIONOFPPOGROUPSBYHYDROPHOBICATTRACTIONONTHEMOSTHYDROPHOBICSITES,ANDADSORPTIONOFPEOGROUPSBYHYDROGENBONDINGONTHEHYDROPHILICSITESTHECOVERAGEOFTHEHYDROPHILICSITESONTHESURFACEBYTHEPROMOTERMOLECULESWASPROPOSEDTOBETHEMECHANISMBYWHICHHYDROPHOBICITYINCREASEDFORTHEHIGHRANKCOALS,WHICHCONTAINARELATIVELYSMALLNUMBEROFHYDROPHILICSITES,THEPOLYMERADSORBEDONHYDROPHOBICSITES,RENDERINGCOALLESSHYDROPHOBICTHISWASTHEREASONFORTHEOBSERVEDINCREASEINSELECTIVITYFORHIGHRANKCOALSSINCEITCAUSEDADECREASEINTHESIZEOFTHECOALAGGLOMERATES,HENCE,INTHEAMOUNTSOFASHPARTICLESENTRAPPEDINTHEAGGLOMERATESTRUCTUREEVENTHOUGHITISCOMMONPRACTICETOFLOATCOALFROMTHEASSOCIATEDMINERALMATTER,SEVERALINVESTIGATORSHAVESUGGESTEDTHEFLOTATIONOFPYRI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