完整虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法表格歸納圖;

1、第四章 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （一） 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：從句（條件）主句（目的）表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）if i had time, i would attend the meeting.主語(yǔ)+would(should could might)+動(dòng)詞原型表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的擬條件句if+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞if he had hurried, he could have caught the train.主語(yǔ)+would（should could might）+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬

2、條件句1、if+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、if+主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、if+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形if i were to go abroad, i would go to america.主語(yǔ)+would（could should might）+動(dòng)詞原型錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句主從句時(shí)間不一致的情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。if you had followed my advice, you would be better now.if you had studied hard before, you

3、would be a college student now.含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式來(lái)表示。she would have died without my help.。條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的情況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。例：原句：1: if she were younger, she,would do it.去if：were she younger, she would

4、 do it.2: if you had come earlier, you would have met him.去if: had you come earlier, you would have met him3:if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去if:should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。he treats the boy as if

5、 he were his own son.2. 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。he spoke as if he had known about it.3 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，(表示將來(lái)的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形he acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。例：he looks as if he going to be ill.2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂

6、語(yǔ)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成for fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.“in case”引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用陳述句，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should）+動(dòng)詞原型例：1.the game will be put off in case it (should) snow.2.the game will be put off in case it

7、snows.（二）名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一：賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.在動(dòng)詞wish/hope后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。i wish (that) i were a bird.對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。i wish (that) i had seen the film last night.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。i wish (that) i wouldcould go.在表示建議，命

8、令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣均以“should+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，“should”常被省略。we suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.they insisted that the boy (should) go with them.常用的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：表示“提議，勸告，建議”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，堅(jiān)持”的：insist表示“決定，命令”的：deci

9、de, order注意：suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。the smile on his face suggested (暗示）that he was satisfied with our work.the man insisted 【堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為】that he had never stolen the money.would rather，had rather，后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反i would rather you told me the truth.用過(guò)去完成式

10、表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔”。i would rather you had gone there last sunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原型2.would rather.than中用動(dòng)詞原型i would rather do it by myself.iwouldratherwatch tv at homethango to the cinema.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣“it is(was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略shouldits quite ne

11、cessary that we should have a walk now. 常用的形容詞：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例：i dont think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?.在“it is

12、(was)+名詞+that.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.這類(lèi)名詞有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。二表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求，命令等主觀(guān)意向的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原型或直接用動(dòng)詞原型。my idea is t

13、hat we (should ) think it over before accepting it.we all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在it is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型it is demanded that we should work out a plan.這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，sug

14、gestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。 在it is (about/high) time+that 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示“該做.的時(shí)候了”其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原型it is high time that you went / should go to school.注意：在this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。this is the second time that we have achieved such a great succe

15、ss.二 選擇題1. if only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie2. how i wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden.a. has b. had c. will have d. had had3. you did not let me drive. if we _in turn, you _ so tired a. drove

16、; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt get c. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridgea. were b. should c. would d. will5. i suggested the person _ to be put into prisona. refers b. referring c. referred d. refer6.

17、 when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken7. i insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him a. on him to go; should be b. he went; be c. he go; was d. he should to; is8. -your aunt invites you to th

18、e movies today -i had rather she _ me tomorrow than todaya. tells b. told c. would tell d. had told9. -would you have called her up had it been possible -yes, but i _busy doing my homeworka. was b. were c. had been d. would be 10. i was ill that day, otherwise i _ the sports meeta. would have taken

19、part in b. took part in c. had taken part in d. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily a. had it not been for b. if it were not c. if it had not been for d. were it not for12. if my lawyer _here last sunday, he _ me from goinga. had been, would have prevent

20、ed b. had been, would preventc. were, preventd. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the exama. if he were to workb. had he workedc. should he work d. were he to work14. _today, he would get there by fridaya. were he to leaveb. if he had leftc. did he to leaved. had he left15.

21、had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowa. areb. werec. would be d. would have been16. i did not see your sister at the meeting. if she _, she would have met my brothera. has comeb. did comec. comed. had come17. he _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.a. was, had helpedb. was,

22、would have helpedc. had been, would have helpedd. were, would have helped18. if it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterdaya. were not, could have climbb. were not, could climbc. had not been, could have climbed d. hadnt been, could climb 19. without electricity, human life _quite difficult todaya.

23、 isb. will bec. would have beend. would be20. -i am going to tell her the news -i would as soon you _her about it a. didnt tellb. dont tell c. hadnt telld. wont tell21. mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _homea. stayedb. could stay c. has stayedd. stay22. it was requested that the play

24、 _againa. should put on b. would put onc. be put ond. put on23. she insisted that a doctor _ immediatelya. had sent forb. sendc. be sent ford. was sent24. -did you scold him for his carelessness-yes, but _ita. id rather not dob. id rather not have donec. i should t dod. id better not do25. if only i

25、 _my cara. hadnt lostb. wouldnt losec. didnt losed. havent lost26. but for water, it _impossible to live in the eartha. isb. wouldc. wered. wouldnt be27. i would rather you _anything about it for the time beinga. dob. didnt doc. dontd. didnt28. the kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as t

26、hough he _ their own sona. isb. werec. had beend. should be29. how the old people wish that they _young once morea. wereb. could becomec. had beend. should be30. it is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problema. holdb. heldc. have heldd. had held31. the thief closed his eyes _ he _dyinga

27、. even if , wasb. though, would bec. even, had beend. as if, were32. i wish that you _ such a bad headache because i am sure that you would have enjoyed the concerta. had notb. did not have hadc. hadnt hadd. hadnt have33. the chairman insisted that we _the question againa. will discussb. to discussc

28、. should discussd. will be discussed34. he requested that the students _them get in cropsa. helpb. to helpc. helpedd. helping35. the guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rulesa. obeysb. obeyc. will obeyd. would obey36. i wish i _here thena. wasb. had beenc. wered. would be37. it is strange

29、 that he _back so earlya. came b. will comec. had comed. should have come38. mother suggested that i _my homework first before watching tva. did b. doc. shall dod. have done39. my suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest sundaya. be putb. putc. should putd. had been put40. he is talking so much

30、 about america as if he _ therea. had beenb. has beenc. wasd. been41. the teacher demanded that the exam _ before elevena. must finishb. would be finishedc. be finishedd. must be finished42. -sorry, joe. i did not mean to-dont call me “joe”, i am mr. parker to you, and _ you forget it!a. dob. didntc

31、. didd. dont43. i did not attend the lecture by pro. jackson. i _ but i _ all this morninga. would, have washedb. could, have been washingc. would have, have been washingd. could have, had washing44. how i wish i _ to repair the watch! i only made it worsea. had triedb. hadnt triedc. have triedd. di

32、dnt try45. -how could i thank you enough? -dont mention it. any other man _ita. must dob. could do c. would have doned. should have done46. key european governments insist iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continuea. be, be delayed b. is, delayc. should be, be de

33、layedd. is , be delayed47. if the hurricane had happened during the day-time, _more deathsa. it would have beenb. it would bec. there would bed. there would have been48. what the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.a. requested, deliver b. demand, be deliveredc. request, should deliverd. demand, delivered49. if law-breakers _ the society will be in disordera. made unpunishedb. came unpunishedc. went unpunishedd. not punished50. we took a taxi to the airport. otherwise we