現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5 第三課 中文對(duì)照

1、商品流通、人員流動(dòng)、觀念轉(zhuǎn)變、文化變遷埃拉茲溫格爾1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, globalization.Its an inexact term for a wild assortment of changes in politics, business, health, entertainment

2、. Modern industry has established the world market. All old-established national industries are dislodged by new industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of

3、distant lands and climes. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote this 150 years ago in The Communist Manifesto. Their statement now describes an ordinary fact of life.今天我們正經(jīng)歷著一種世界范圍文化巨變的陣痛，一種習(xí)俗與追求的結(jié)構(gòu)性變化,用社會(huì)學(xué)家奇特的詞匯來稱呼這種變化，就叫“全球化”。對(duì)于政治、商貿(mào)、保健及娛樂領(lǐng)域的巨大變化，這個(gè)詞并不貼切。 “現(xiàn)代工業(yè)已建立了世界市場(chǎng)。已建立的所有舊的國(guó)民工業(yè)被其產(chǎn)品不僅在國(guó)內(nèi)而且在世界各地范

4、圍內(nèi)銷售的新興工業(yè)所取代。人們用新的需求取代原有的需求，用外地的產(chǎn)品滿足自己的需求?！笨?馬克思和弗雷德里希恩格斯早在150年前就在共產(chǎn)黨宣言中寫下了這些。他們那時(shí)的陳述描繪了現(xiàn)在生活中的普遍事實(shí)。 2. How people feel about this depends a great deal on where they live and how much money they have. Yet globalization, as one report stated, is a reality, not a choice. Humans have been weaving comme

5、rcial and cultural connections since before the first camel caravan ventured afield. In the 19th century the postal service, newspapers, transcontinental railroads, and great steam-powered ships wrought fundamental changes. Telegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied tighter and more intricate

6、knots between individuals and the wider world. Now computers, the Internet, cellular phones, cable TV, and cheaper jet transportation have accelerated and complicated these connections.對(duì)此人們有何感受很大程度上取決于他們的生活所在地和所擁有的金錢數(shù)。然而，正如某篇報(bào)道所述，全球化“是一種事實(shí)，而不是一種選擇”。早在第一批駱駝商隊(duì)冒險(xiǎn)出外經(jīng)商前至今，人們一直在編織著商貿(mào)和文化相互間的交往。在19世紀(jì)，郵政服務(wù)、報(bào)

7、紙、橫跨大陸的鐵路及巨大的蒸汽輪船帶來了根本變化。電報(bào)、電話、收音機(jī)和電視把個(gè)人和外部世界更緊密地連在一起，這種聯(lián)系更為復(fù)雜、不那么直接也不易察覺。現(xiàn)在，計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動(dòng)電話、有線電視和相對(duì)便宜的噴氣式飛機(jī)空運(yùn)加速了這種聯(lián)系并使這種聯(lián)系更加復(fù)雜。3.Still, the basic dynamic remains the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures change. The difference now is the speed and scope of these changes. It took tele

8、vision 13 years to acquire 50 million users; the Internet took only five.然而，產(chǎn)生這種變化的動(dòng)力是一致的：商品流通、人員流動(dòng)、觀念轉(zhuǎn)變、文化變遷。不同的是這些變化的速度和范圍。電視機(jī)擁有5,000萬用戶用了13年時(shí)間，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只用了5年時(shí)間。4. Not everyone is happy about this. Some Western social scientists and anthropologists, and not a few foreign politicians, believe that a sort

9、 of cultural cloning will result from what they regard as the cultural assault of McDonalds, Coca-Cola, Disney, Nike, MTV, and the English language itselfmore than a fifth of all the people in the world now speak English to some degree. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convin

10、ced that Westernoften equated with Americaninfluences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big McWorld.對(duì)這種變化并不是人人滿意。一些西方社會(huì)學(xué)家、人類學(xué)家和為數(shù)不少的外國(guó)政治家認(rèn)為文化克隆是他們所認(rèn)為的麥當(dāng)勞、可口可樂、迪斯尼、耐克和MTV“文化轟炸”的結(jié)果，也是英語語言本身的結(jié)果，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在全球多于五分之一人口都或多或少地講英語。不管他們的背景和綱領(lǐng)如何, 這些對(duì)全球化持反對(duì)態(tài)度的人深信西方的影響往往等同于美國(guó)的

11、影響 .會(huì)把文化上的差異一壓平。就像一位觀察家所說的，最終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)麥當(dāng)勞世界，一個(gè)充斥美國(guó)貨和體現(xiàn)美國(guó)價(jià)值觀的世界。5.Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties. In China, where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand, a recent book called China can say no became the best-seller by attacking what it considers

12、the Chinese willingness to believe blindly in foreign things, advising Chinese travelers to not fly on a Boeing 777 and suggesting that Hollywood be burned,反映公眾情緒(或得到公眾支持)的派別不斷滋生以便利用持此觀點(diǎn)的國(guó)民的焦慮和不安。在閉關(guān)鎖國(guó)和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)兩種政策并存并爭(zhēng)取其主控地位的中國(guó)，中國(guó)可以說不這本新書成為暢銷書，這本書對(duì)中國(guó)人的盲目崇洋媚外心理進(jìn)行了，批駁，建議中國(guó)游客不要乘坐波音777飛機(jī)，還建議燒掉進(jìn)口的好萊塢大片。6.The

13、re are many Westerners among the denouncers of Western cultural influences, but James Watson, a Harvard anthropologist, isnt one of them. The lives of Chinese villagers I know are infinitely better nowthan they were 30 years ago, he says. China has become more open partly because of the demands of o

14、rdinary people. They want to become part of the worldI would say globalism is the major force for democracy in China. People want refrigerators, stereos, CD players. I feel its a moral obligation not to say: ?Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that

15、work.對(duì)西方文化影響持斥責(zé)態(tài)度的人中有許多西方人而哈佛人類學(xué)家詹姆斯沃森并不是其中一員。他說：“我知道現(xiàn)在中國(guó)農(nóng)村人的生活比30年前的好多了。中國(guó)越來越開放，部分原因是出于中國(guó)老百姓的要求。他們想成為世界的一部分-我要說全球觀念在中國(guó)是民主的重要?jiǎng)恿?。人們需要冰箱、音響和CD機(jī)。?遠(yuǎn)在中國(guó)的那些人應(yīng)該繼續(xù)過著落后的生活，而我們卻可以使用淋浴器，過著舒適的現(xiàn)代生活?。我認(rèn)為不說這種話是一種道義?！?.Westernization, I discovered over months of study and travel, is a phenomenon shot through with i

16、nconsistencies and populated by very strange bedfellows. Critics of Western culture blast Coke and Hollywood but not organ transplants and computers. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Yet they make no mention of some less salubrious a

17、spects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles, which, even as they are being eagerlyadopted in the developing world, are having disastrous effects. Apparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either.經(jīng)過幾個(gè)多月的研究和旅行，我發(fā)現(xiàn)西方化是一種內(nèi)部充滿矛盾的現(xiàn)象，在特別怪異之人中占有一席之地。西方文化批評(píng)家斥責(zé)

18、可樂和好萊塢，卻不斥責(zé)器官移植和計(jì)算機(jī)。西方文化支持者指出繼續(xù)努力保護(hù)環(huán)境，但他們不提西方文化中不那么健康的一面，譬如香煙和汽車，就在發(fā)展中國(guó)家急切地接納這些東西時(shí)，它們已帶來很壞的后果。顯然，西方化既不會(huì)直達(dá)地獄，也不會(huì)直通天堂。8.But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them. In Los Angeles, the ostensible fountainhead of world cultural deg

19、radation, I saw more diversity than I could ever have supposedat Hollywood High School the student body represents 32 different languages. In Shanghai I found that the television show Sesame Street has been redesigned by Chinese educators to teach Chinese values and traditions. We borrowed an Americ

20、an box, one told me, and put Chinese content into it. In India, where there are more than 400 languages and several very strict religions, McDonalds serves mutton instead of beef and offers a vegetarian menu acceptable to even the most orthodox Hindu.不過我也發(fā)現(xiàn)文化就如同構(gòu)成文化的民族一樣，善于隨機(jī)應(yīng)變，富有彈性而且不可預(yù)測(cè)。在洛杉磯，世界文化墮

21、落明顯的源頭，我看到的差異要比我想像的多在好萊塢高中學(xué)生說32種完全不同的語言。在上海，我發(fā)現(xiàn)“芝麻街”這一電視節(jié)目已被中國(guó)教育家重新改組，用以傳授中國(guó)人的價(jià)值觀和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣。一位教育家對(duì)我說：“我們借用美國(guó)盒子，裝進(jìn)去的是中國(guó)內(nèi)容?！痹谟?00多種語言和幾種紀(jì)律嚴(yán)明的宗教的印度，麥當(dāng)勞供應(yīng)的是羊肉漢堡而不是牛肉漢堡，還為那些最正統(tǒng)的印度人提供素食菜譜。9.The critical mass of teenagers800 million in the world, the most there have ever beenwith time and money to spend is one

22、of the powerful engines of merging global cultures. Kids travel, they hang out, and above all they buy stuffm. Im sorry to say I failed to discover who was the first teenager to put his baseball cap on backward. Or the first one to copy him. But I do know that rap music, which sprang from the inner-

23、city ghettos, began making big money only when rebellious white teenagers started buying it. But how can anyone predict what kids are going to want? Companies urgently need to know, so consultants have sprung up to forecast trends. Theyre called cool hunters, and Amanda Freeman took me in hand one m

24、orning to explain how it works.許多既有時(shí)間又有錢的青少年-全世界共有8億-是融合全球文化的關(guān)鍵及主要力量之一。孩子們愛旅行、閑逛，重要的是他們買東西。很遺憾我沒能發(fā)現(xiàn)哪個(gè)青少年第一個(gè)倒戴壘球帽，哪個(gè)青少年第一個(gè)模仿他，但是我確實(shí)知道最先出現(xiàn)在市內(nèi)黑人區(qū)的說唱樂就是在有叛逆精神的白人青少年開始買票觀看時(shí)才開始賺大錢的。然而，人們又會(huì)如何預(yù)測(cè)孩子們需要什么呢?許多公司迫切想要了解孩子們的需要，因此出現(xiàn)了顧問，他們預(yù)測(cè)將來的趨勢(shì)，被稱之為“獵酷者”。阿曼達(dá)弗里德曼一天上午向我講述了其中的奧秘。10.Amanda, who is 22, works for a New

25、York-based company called Youth Intelligence and has come to Los Angeles to conduct one of three annual surveys, whose results go to such clients as Sprint and MTV. She has shoulder-length brown hair and is wearing a knee-length brocade skirt and simple black wrap top. Amanda looks very cool to me,

26、but she says no. The funny thing about my work is that you dont have to be cool to do it, she says. You just have to have the eye.阿曼達(dá)22歲，在其基地設(shè)在紐約的一家叫作“青年情報(bào)”的公司工作，她到洛杉磯進(jìn)行調(diào)查，調(diào)查的結(jié)果要通報(bào)給公司很多重要的客戶。她留著披肩的棕發(fā)，穿著一條長(zhǎng)及膝蓋的織錦短裙。在我看來，阿曼達(dá)打扮得很酷，但她自己并不這樣認(rèn)為。她說：“我的工作有趣之處就在于做此工作你不必扮酷，你得有眼光?！?1.We go to a smallish ?50s-s

27、tyle diner in Los Feliz, a slightly seedy pocket east of Hollywood that has just become trendy. Then we wander through a few of the thrift shops. If its not going to be affordable, Amanda remarks, its never going to catch on.我們?nèi)チ艘患倚∫稽c(diǎn)的、50年代式樣的餐館，這家餐館位于好萊塢東面一個(gè)比較破落的區(qū)域，這個(gè)區(qū)域剛剛成為時(shí)尚聚集點(diǎn)。然后我們?nèi)ス淞藥准遗f貨店。阿曼達(dá)說：“

28、如果人們買不起，那它就不會(huì)流行起來?！?2.What trends does she see forming now? the home is becoming more of a social place again. And travels huge right nowyou go to a place and bring stuff back.現(xiàn)在她看到將要形成的流行趨勢(shì)了嗎?“家正在成為一個(gè)社交的地方，眼下旅行正熱人們到某地去，買回來許多東西。”13.Its really hard to be original these days, so the easiest way to com

29、e up with new stuff is to mix things that already exist. Fusion is going to be the huge term that everybodys going to use, she concludes.Theres going to be more blending, like Spanish music and punkthings that are so unrelated.她最后說：“現(xiàn)今創(chuàng)新極為困難，因此最容易的辦法就是把現(xiàn)存的東西捏在一起，拿出一個(gè)新玩意兒來。融合將會(huì)成為人人都要使用的大詞，將來會(huì)有越來越多的毫不

30、相關(guān)的東西融合在一起，如西班牙樂和蓬克樂?！?4.Los Angeles is fusion central, where cultures mix and morph. Take Tom Sloper and mah-jongg. Tom is a computer geek who is also a mah-jongg fanatic. This being America, he has found a way to marry these two passions and sell the result. He has designed a software program, Sha

31、nghai: Dynasty, that enables you to play mah-jongg on the Internet. This ancient Chinese game involves both strategy and luck, and it is still played all over Asia in small rooms that are full of smoke and the ceaseless click of the chunky plastic tiles and the fierce concentration of the players. I

32、t is also played by rich society women at country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments on Manhattans Upper West Side. But Tom, 50, was playing it at his desk in Los Angeles one evening in the silence of a nearly empty office building.洛杉磯是融合中心，各種文化在這里交匯并有所改變。以湯姆斯洛珀和麻將為例：湯姆是個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)怪才，同時(shí)還是個(gè)麻將迷。由于這是美國(guó)，

33、所以他找到了把這兩種愛好結(jié)合在一起的方式并把自己的成果出售。他設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)人們可以在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上玩麻將的軟件程序，這個(gè)程序叫做“上海：帝國(guó)”。玩這種老式中國(guó)麻將既需要技巧又需要運(yùn)氣。亞洲人仍然在小屋子里玩麻將，屋子里彌漫著煙霧，到處都能聽到麻將牌相互撞擊所發(fā)出的不絕于耳的喀噠聲。玩家們精神高度集中。居住在比弗利山(美國(guó)加利福尼亞州西南部城市，好萊塢影星集居地)和曼哈頓上西城公寓里的有錢女人們也在俱樂部里玩麻將。然而，一天晚上，在洛杉磯，50歲的湯姆一個(gè)人坐在辦公桌旁，在寂靜、空曠的辦公大樓里玩麻將。15.Actually, he only appeared to be alone. His glow

34、ing computer screen showed a game already in progress with several habitual partners: Blue Whale, a man from Germany,; Russ, from Ohio; Freddyboy, a Chinese-American who lives in Edina, Minnesota. Tom played effortlessly as we talked.事實(shí)上，他只是看上去是一個(gè)人。他那亮著的計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕表明麻將已經(jīng)玩起來了，其他幾個(gè)參與者都是老牌友。他們是德國(guó)人“藍(lán)鯨”、俄亥俄州的拉

35、斯和住在明尼蘇達(dá)州的美籍華人弗雷迪。我們一邊談著話，湯姆一邊毫不費(fèi)力地在玩麻將。16.Ive learned about 11 different styles of mah-jongg, he told me with that detached friendliness of those whose true connection is with machines. There are a couple of different ways of playing it in America. We usually play Chinese mah-jongg.湯姆對(duì)我的態(tài)度很友好，但那是那種

36、超然的友好，他的興趣在連線的計(jì)算機(jī)上。他對(duì)我說：“我已掌握了11種麻將的玩法。在美國(guó)有幾種不同麻將的玩法。我們常打中國(guó)式麻將。”17.I watched the little tiles, like cards, bounce around the screen. As Tom played, he and his partners conversed by typing short comments to each other.我看著小小麻將牌像紙牌一樣在屏幕上彈來彈去。湯姆邊玩邊打字，和牌友簡(jiǎn)短交流牌局情況。18.Does he ever play with real people? “O

37、h yeah,” Tom replied. “ Once a week at the office in the evening, and Thursday at lunch.” A new name appeared on the screen. “There?s Fred?s mother. Can?t be, they? re in Vegas. Oh, it must be his sister. TJ?s online too, she?s the one from Wales-a real night owl. She?s getting married soon, and she

38、 livedwith her fiance, and sometimes he gets up and says ? Get off that damn computer!?”他和真人打過麻將嗎?他回答說：“打過。一周一次，晚上在辦公室，周四中午?！边@時(shí)，屏幕上出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新名字。“是弗雷迪的母親。不可能是，他們?cè)诰S加斯。噢!一定是他姐姐。TJ也在線，她是威爾士人，一個(gè)真正的夜貓子。她快結(jié)婚了，現(xiàn)在與她未婚夫一起生活。有時(shí)她未婚夫起床對(duì)她說：?離開那討厭的電腦!?”19.Tom played on into the night. At least it was night where I was.

39、 He , an american playing a Chinese game with people in Germany, Wales, Ohio, and Minnesota, was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zones. It is a realm populated by individuals he?s never met who may be more real to him than the people who live next door.湯姆繼續(xù)玩，一直到深夜。至少我所在的地方是深夜。他- 一個(gè)

40、美國(guó)人，和德國(guó)人、威爾士人、俄亥俄人還有明尼蘇達(dá)人一起玩中國(guó)游戲，他在網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界活動(dòng)，這種活動(dòng)超越時(shí)區(qū)。這是他從未謀面的那些人的王國(guó)，對(duì)他來說，那些人要遠(yuǎn)比他的左鄰右舍更真實(shí)。20.If it seems that life in the West has become a fast-forward blur, consider China. In just 20 years, since market forces were unleashed by economic reforms begun in 1978, life for many urban Chinese has changed

41、drastically. A recent survey of 12 major cities showed that 97 percent of the respondents had televisions, and 88 percent had refrigerators and washing machines. Another study revealed that farmers are eating 48 percent more meat each year and 400 percent more fruit. Cosmopolitan magazine, plunging

42、necklines and all, is read by 260,000 Chinese women every month.如果說西方的生活太超前了，已經(jīng)看不清輪廓了。那么就看看中國(guó)。從1978年經(jīng)濟(jì)改革搞活市場(chǎng)至今的20年時(shí)間，許多中國(guó)城市居民的生活有了極大的改善。最近對(duì)12個(gè)主要城市進(jìn)行了，調(diào)查，數(shù)據(jù)顯示97的調(diào)查對(duì)象擁有電視機(jī)，88擁有電冰箱和洗衣機(jī)。另一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示農(nóng)民每年的食肉量增加了48，水果增加了400。26萬中國(guó)婦女每個(gè)月都在閱讀時(shí)尚雜志，那些開領(lǐng)袒胸的畫頁及其他內(nèi)容。21.I went to Shanghai to see how the cultural trends s

43、how up in the largest city in the worlds most populous nation. It is also a city that has long been open to the West. General Motors, for example, set up its firstBuick sales outlet in Shanghai in 1929; today GM has invested 1.5 billion dollars in a new plant there, the biggest Sino-American venture

44、 in China.我到上海去調(diào)查在世界人口最多國(guó)家的最大城市里文化趨勢(shì)如何出現(xiàn)。上海也是對(duì)西方開放最久的城市，譬如通用汽車公司早在1929年就在上海設(shè)立。如今，通用汽車投資1.5億美元在上海建立了中國(guó)最大的中美合資新廠。22.Once a city of elegant villas and imposing office buildings facing the river with shoulders squared, Shanghai is currently ripping itself to ribbons. In a decade scores of gleaming new s

45、kyscrapers have shot up to crowd and jostle the skyline, cramp the narrow winding streets, and choke the parks and open spaces with their sheer soaring presence (most are 80 percent vacant). Traffic crawls, even on the new multilane overpasses. But on the streets the women are dressed in bright colo

46、rs, and many carry several shopping bags, especially on the Nanjing Road, which is lined with boutiques and malls. In its first two weeks of business the Gucci store took in a surprising $100,000.上海曾是一座建有雅致的別墅和莊嚴(yán)的辦公大樓的城市，但現(xiàn)在卻是一座帶狀城市。10年中，幾十座閃閃發(fā)亮的新的高層建筑拔地而起，擠壓空間，使人張目不能遠(yuǎn)眺，使原本狹窄彎曲的街道更顯壓抑。而這些高聳大樓的存在也使公園

47、和空地感到憋悶。即使是在多車道的高架橋上，車輛也在爬行。然而，街上的婦女著裝色彩艷麗，特別是在街道兩邊布滿精品店和時(shí)裝店的南京路上，許多婦女手里拎著多個(gè)購(gòu)物袋。在剛開業(yè)的兩周時(shí)間里，古奇專賣店的營(yíng)業(yè)額為十萬美元，令人驚訝不已。23.Maybe young women today dont know what it was like, says Wu Ying, editor in chief of the Chinese edition of the French fashion magazine Elle. But ten years ago I wouldnt have imagined

48、myself wearing this blouse. It was red, with white polka dots. When people bought clothes, they thought ?How long will it last? A housewife knew that most of the monthly salary would be spent on food, and now its just a small part, so she can think about what to wear or where to travel. And now with

49、 refrigerators, we dont have to buy food every day.法國(guó)時(shí)裝雜志Elle中國(guó)版的總編吳穎說：“也許現(xiàn)在的年輕女性不了解過去。10年前我決不會(huì)想到我會(huì)穿這樣的襯衫(那是一件紅白相間的緊身圓點(diǎn)花紋襯衫)。那時(shí)人們買衣服時(shí)考慮的是它能穿多久，家庭主婦把每月的工資主要用來買食品。而現(xiàn)在買食品只需一小部分工資，因此她會(huì)考慮著裝和旅行?，F(xiàn)在有冰箱，我們也不必天天買食品?！?4.As for the cultural dislocation this might bring: People in Shanghai dont see it as a probl

50、em, said a young German businessman. The Chinese are very good at dealing with ambiguity. Its accepted?Its very different, but its OK, so, so what?至于由此可能帶來的文化錯(cuò)位問題，一位年輕的德國(guó)商人說：“上海人認(rèn)為這不是問題。中國(guó)人是很善于應(yīng)對(duì)多種可能性的。人們接受了它。?很難，但還可以。那有什么?”?25.Potential: This is largely a Western concept. Set aside the makeup and s

51、kyscrapers, and its clear that the truly great leap forward in Shanghai is at the level of ideas. To really grasp this, I had only to witness the local performance of Shakespeares Macbeth by the Hiu Kok Drama Association from Macau.潛力：這主要是西方概念。不談古奇專賣店和摩天大樓，真正的巨大飛躍體現(xiàn)在觀念上。我只有在親眼目睹了澳門的休考克戲劇協(xié)會(huì)在當(dāng)?shù)厣涎莸纳帘葋?/p>

52、戲劇麥克白時(shí)才真正領(lǐng)會(huì)了這一點(diǎn)。26.There we were at the Shanghai Theatre Academy, some 30 professors and students of literature and drama from all over china and I,on folding chairs around a space ont alike half of a basketball court. “ I?m not going to be much help,” murmured Zhang Fang, my interpreter. “I don?t u

53、nderstand the Cantonese language, the most of these people dont either.”在上海戲劇學(xué)院，我和來自全中國(guó)文學(xué)與戲劇專業(yè)的大約30名教授和學(xué)生一起坐在折疊椅上觀看演出，演出場(chǎng)地大約有半個(gè)壘球場(chǎng)那么大。翻譯張芳小聲對(duì)我說：“我?guī)筒涣耸裁疵?；我不懂廣東話，這里許多人都不懂。”27.I thought I knew what to watch for, but the only characters I recognized were the three witches. Otherwise the small group spen

54、t most of an hour running in circles, leaping, and threatening to beat each other with long sticks. The lighting was heavy on shadows, with frequent strobelike flashes. Language wasnt a problem, as the actors mainly snarled and shrieked. Then they turned their backs to the audience and a few shouted

55、 something in Cantonese. The lights went out, and for a moment the only sound in the darkness was the whirring of an expensive camera on auto-rewind.我原以為自己能看個(gè)八九不離十，結(jié)果卻只能辨認(rèn)出三個(gè)女巫。這幾個(gè)人用了近一個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)圈、跳來跳去、用長(zhǎng)棍子相互威脅打來打去。燈光集中在鬼影上，常常夾著閃電。語言不是問題，因?yàn)檠輪T主要是在咆哮和尖叫。后來他們背對(duì)觀眾，一些人用廣東話叫喊著。燈光熄滅，有一陣子，黑暗中惟一的聲音就是一部?jī)r(jià)格昂貴的照相機(jī)自

56、動(dòng)倒卷時(shí)所發(fā)出的聲音。28.This is China? It could have been a college campus anywhere in the West: the anguished students, the dubious adults, the political exploitation of the massacred classic. Until recently such a performance was unthinkable. It strained imagination that this could be the same country where

57、 a generation ago the three most desired luxury items were wristwatches, bicycles, and sewing machines.這是中國(guó)嗎?這可以是西方的任何一所大學(xué)校園。這樣的表演即使是現(xiàn)在也難以想像。令人難以想像的是就是在這個(gè)國(guó)家，20年前人們最想要的一種奢侈品是手表、自行車和縫紉機(jī)。29.Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through the wilds of global culture

58、. So when I was in Los Angeles, I sought out Alvin Toffler, whose book Future Shock was published in 1970. In the nearly three decades since, he has developedand refined a number of interesting ideas, explained in The Third Wave, written with his wife, Heidi.許久以來我認(rèn)識(shí)到我需要某種指南針來指引我穿越全球文化的荒原。因此在洛杉磯時(shí)，我找到

59、阿爾文托夫勒1970年他的未來的沖擊一書出版。此后近30年，他提出并完善了一些有趣的想法，他在與夫人海蒂合著的第三次浪潮一書中詳述了這些想法。30.What do we know about the future now, I asked, that we didnt know before? We now know that order grows out of chaos, he answered immediately. You cannot have significant change, especially on the scale of Russia or China, without conflict.