直接引語和間接引語(2)

1、直接引語和間接引語直接引用別人所講的話叫“直接引語（The Direct Speech）”，通常放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人所講的話叫“間接引語（The Indirect Speech）”。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引語與間接引語之間可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)通常要注意人稱、句式、時(shí)態(tài)及狀語等各方面的變化。一、人稱變化。直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)說話人所處的立場(chǎng)而進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)母淖?。如：Uncle Li said: “I will pick you up after wook this evening.” Uncle Li said he would pick me up

2、after wook that evening.二、句式變化。1. 直接賓語為陳述句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語要用that（有時(shí)可省略）來引導(dǎo)。如：Tom said, “My father got home from the park.” Tom said (that) his father had got home from the park.2. 直接引語為疑問句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)要注意將間接引語中的賓語從句部分改為陳述語序，同時(shí)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞要視情況而定。1）直接引語為一般疑問句時(shí)，要用whether/if 來引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)要注意如果原句的謂語為say時(shí)要改為ask。必要時(shí)還可加上一個(gè)間接賓語(me,

3、 him, us 等)，如： “Have you seen her somewhere?” Anderson said.Anderson asked(me) whether/if I had seen her somewhere.2）直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞為原句的特殊疑問詞，如：“What are you doing?” she shouted at me agrily. She asked me what I was doing angrily.3）直接引語是選擇疑問句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)間接引語的謂語動(dòng)詞可以選擇wonder, ask等詞，賓語從句由whether.or(not).來引導(dǎo)。例

4、如：My grandma said sorrowly, “Are you leaving today or tomorrow?”My grandma asked sorrowly whether I was leaving that day or the next day.3. 直接引語是祈使句時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)多使用一個(gè)不定式，謂語可根據(jù)語氣來定。如：用ask sb. (not) to do來表示“請(qǐng)求”；用tell / order sb. (not) to do來表示“命令”；三、時(shí)態(tài)變化。直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時(shí)，賓語從句中的謂語一般要轉(zhuǎn)化成與直接引語相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然，若直接引語使用了過

5、去完成時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)就不需要再作改變了。四、狀語等其他變化。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除以上的人稱變化、句式變化、時(shí)態(tài)變化外，還要注意狀語等其他變化。主要有：1. 時(shí)間狀語變化，如：nowthen；todaythat day；tonightthat night； yesterdaythe day before； last weekthe week before；tomorrowthe next day等；2. 地點(diǎn)狀語變化，如：herethere等；3. 指示代詞變化，如：thisthat；thesethose等；4. 謂語動(dòng)詞變化，如：comego等。五、其它需要注意的地方。1. 直接引語如果是客

6、觀真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.2. 直接引語是一般過去時(shí)并且和具體時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)，改為間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變。如：“The teaching-building was set up in 2004.” he said. He said that the teaching-building was set up in 2004.3. 如果在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，那么here不必改為ther

7、e，come不必改為go。如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday，tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語也不必改變。如：“Come here at 8:00 tommorrow.” I said. I asked him to come here at 8:00 today, but he hasnt appeared until now同步練習(xí)1 She said, “Are you from the south?” She asked _ I _ from the south. 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” Mom _ me _ _ tell a lie. 3

8、 Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.” Susan told me that _ _ _ the Red Star Farm _ _ _. 4 Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Mr Paul _ us that light _ faster than sound. 5 “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. The manager _ him _ _ and post th

9、e letters單項(xiàng)選擇1.WherewasAlicessister?Idontknowwhere_. A.wasAlicessisterB.Alicessisterwas C.isAlicessisterD.Alicessisteris2.Whatdidhesay?Idontknowwhat_. A.didhesayB.hesaysC.hehassaidD.hesaid3.Idontknow_. A.thereasonwhycanbeB.whythereasonmaybeC.whatthereasoncanbeD.whatthereasonmaybe4.Iwonder_.whichofth

10、efollowingisnottherightchoice? A.whethershewillbefitforthejobornot B.whetherornotshewillbefitforthejob C.ifshewillbefitforthejob D.whatshewillbefitforthejob5.IsMr.WufromBeijing?Idontknow_. A.wheredoeshecomefromB.fromwheredoeshecome C.whichcityhecomesfromD.whatcityhecomesfrom6.Canyoumakesure_? A.that

11、hewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretoday C.willhecomeheretodayD.whetherwillhecomeheretoday7.Doyouhappentoknow_? A.whereisheraddressB.inwhichplaceisheraddress C.whatheraddressisD.theplaceheraddressis8.Excuseme,butcanyoutellme_? A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibrary C.howcanIgettothelibraryD.howIcangettothelibrary9.Johnaskedme_tovisithisunclesfarmwithhim. A.howwouldI