商務(wù)英語寫作

1、Unit Five,The Paragraph Structure and Types Basic Writing 1 Jiangxi Normal University,Teaching Content,1. Give some comments to the 1 composition. 2. Learn to write the supporting sentences in a paragraph. 3. Learn to write the concluding sentence in a paragraph. 4. How to write the concluding parag

2、raph in a passage,What are the supporting sentences,The supporting sentences are those that serve to establish or support the topic sentence. They are the expanding sentences or developing sentences of the topic sentence. You can depict the topic sentence in details or explain it or offer some facts

3、 or examples to support it,發(fā)展句的定義,發(fā)展句是用來支持或說明主題句的，是段落主題句的延伸和發(fā)展，起著輔助主題句、推展段落中心的作用，對主題句表達(dá)的中心思想或舉例說明、或細(xì)致描寫、或詳細(xì)解釋闡述和論證，使讀者能夠清晰地理解和信服地接受作者所表達(dá)的意思,發(fā)展句的層次特點,1. 清晰、詳實、有較強的說服力，能清楚地表達(dá)思想。 2. 條理分明、脈絡(luò)清晰。上一句要為下一句鋪平道路，下一句是上一句的自然延伸，一步一步地論述或敘述主題。 一個段落通常有若干個發(fā)展句。這些發(fā)展句可以處于同一層次，共同來為主題句服務(wù)；也可以在一級發(fā)展句之下用二級發(fā)展句來支持一級發(fā)展句，從而構(gòu)成發(fā)展句

4、之間的層次關(guān)系。 but, 在段落中如果有多個不同層次的發(fā)展句時，必須要合理地安排它們，做到簡潔清晰、意義連貫、合乎邏輯,Example 1,Many people like traveling. They think that they can enjoy themselves by touring places of interest and appreciating the beauty of the world. When they return, they will feel refreshed and do their work better. They also believe

5、that through traveling they can obtain some knowledge that they cannot acquire staying at home. In our history, great poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu were without exception great tourists,Thinking about,which sentence is the topic sentence? - which sentences are the supporting sentences? - what are t

6、he relationship between and , between and , between and ,The relationship between them,topic sentence developing sentences cause effect statement example 原因 結(jié)果 陳述 例證,The Characteristic of Major Developing Statement (MDS,1. Centering around the topic sentence. 2. It is closely related to the topic se

7、ntence. 3. It supports the topic sentence,Minor developing statement (mDS,對主要發(fā)展句作進(jìn)一步的事實分析和舉例說明。它從屬于某一個或某幾個發(fā)展句。 The relationship between MDS and mDS: 每個主要發(fā)展句都應(yīng)該是對主題句中表示主要思想的關(guān)鍵詞的直接、明確地說明。 每個次要發(fā)展句都應(yīng)該說明它的主要發(fā)展句。 含有討論說明或分析的問題通常既要有主要發(fā)展素材，又要有次要發(fā)展素材,Example 2,1)The computer finds many applications in all fie

8、lds. (2)Computers are now doing almost everything from diagnosing hospital patients to running nuclear power stations. (3)In any field where information is collected, processed, stored, and retrieved, computers are being used more and more. (4)Computers are also used as an aid to design planning. (5

9、)For example, they can be used to predict faults in design as well as the cost of a design if one is planning to build a road,Thinking about,which sentences are the MDS? -which sentences are the mDS,The relationship between the 5 ss,1.在這個段落中，句（1）是主題句，提出計算機在所有領(lǐng)域都有應(yīng)用的觀點； 2.句（2）、（3）和（4）是一級擴展句，都支持和說明句（1

10、），具體說明計算機都在哪些領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用; 3.而句（5）是二級擴展句，用來補充說明句（4），通過舉例來說明計算機輔助設(shè)計的用途,In-class task 1: please find out the topic sentence and write the logical relations between sentences,McDonalds China has enjoyed tremendous success. As the number of people with disposable income has increased, so has the number of peopl

11、e wanting to try new products and foods. McDonald has created a huge number of stores so that it is possible to find one of their restaurants on almost every large street in the country. Thus, not only is their success due to people having more money to spend, but also due to the fact that the resta

12、urants themselves are extremely convenient,The 1st sentence is the topic sentence. The are the supporting sentences. They are the reasons why McDonalds China has enjoyed tremendous success. 3. The last sentence is the concluding sentence of the paragraph,What are the concluding sentences,結(jié)尾句位于段落的末尾，

13、在段落中也起著非常重要的作用，用以對全段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)、歸納或提出結(jié)論性的觀點。結(jié)論句常和主題句相呼應(yīng)，以不同的形式再現(xiàn)主題，并與發(fā)展句相關(guān)聯(lián)。但是并非任何段落都必須有結(jié)尾句才算完整。有的段落，尤其是一些較短的段落中只有主題句沒有結(jié)論句,Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, dont always have the same emotional meaning. For example, the words “stingy” and “frugal” both mean “careful with money”. However, t

14、o call a person stingy is an insult, while the word frugal has a much more positive connotation. Similarly, a person wants to be slender but not skinny, and aggressive but not pushy. Therefore, you should be careful in choosing words because many so-called synonyms are not really synonymous at all,E

15、xample 3,Pay more attention to the following two aspects, if you want to write a good concluding sentence,1）總結(jié)細(xì)節(jié)，回答主題句中隱含的問題； 2）把握主題句的關(guān)鍵詞，善于用不同的措辭或結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)同一中心思想,How to write a good concluding paragraph,結(jié)尾段是把主題從具體變成籠統(tǒng)，把讀者引出文章。 結(jié)尾段可重申自己觀點，并總結(jié)前文的重要分論點，也可以適當(dāng)提出一些針對性建議,1. Nowadays surveillance cameras（監(jiān)試器）

16、are widely used in supermarkets. Some think that this is a violation of human rights, while others insist that they are for the benefit of the supermarkets. What is your opinion? -How will you write the concluding paragraph,Example 4,Concluding paragraph,All in all, the best solution is for both sid

17、es to respect each others needs. The shopkeeper should place surveillance cameras in such a way that the customer does not feel that he or she is being spied upon. At the same time, the customer should respect the shopkeepers concern about theft,In-class Task 2,Using a computer every day can have mo

18、re negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree? How will you write the concluding paragraph,The Possible Sample,I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, lea