詞義的褒貶引申及練習

1、3. 詞義的引申,詞義不是固定不變的，從不同的上下文中我們可以推測出詞不同的衍生意義。但這還遠遠不夠，在許多情況下我們還必須對詞作進一步的引申，對詞義要有更深入的認識。 詞義的引申包括： 1、詞義的褒貶引申； 2、詞義含蓄成分的引申； 3、詞義表情成分的引申； 4、修辭意義上的引申； 5、概念大小的引申； 6、程度的引申； 7、虛實的引申(從具體到抽象，從抽象到具體,1） 詞義的褒貶引申,英語中有些詞語本身就具有固定的褒義或貶義。例如： 1) Lincoln was respected by his people for his foresightedness. 林肯由于富于遠見而受到人民的尊

2、 敬。(褒義) 2) We should serve the people heart and soul我們 應該全心全意為人民服務。(褒義) 3) The Second World War was the most enormous universal havoc of all time第二次世界大戰(zhàn)是有 史以來規(guī)模最大的一場全球性的浩劫。(貶義) 4) He proved to be a mercenary guy. 他原來是個惟 利是圖的家伙。(貶義,但是，有些英語單詞或詞組，把它孤立起來看是中性詞，沒有褒貶之分。同樣一個詞或詞組一旦放入具體的上下文中,可能就會產(chǎn)生褒義或貶義。例如： a

3、. 1) Edison invented the gramophone and electric light 愛迪生發(fā)明了留聲機和電燈。(褒義) 2) This kind of people sometimes invent excuses to go out of work. 這種人有時編造借口不去上 班。(貶義) b. 1) It is said that a successful businessman must be aggressive. 人們常說，成功的企業(yè)家必定是有 闖勁的。(褒義) 2) The aggressive nature of Japanese Jingoism wi

4、ll never change日本軍國主義侵略的本質是 決不會改變的。(貶義,c. 1) Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against imperialist aggression, oppression and tyranny. 貴國一直堅定地站在一切同帝國主義侵略壓迫和暴虐進 行斗爭的民族的前列。(褒義) 2) It is the champion of the colonial regime and of apartheid. 它是這個殖民政權和種族隔離

5、的罪魁禍首。 (貶義,有些貶義詞也可以轉化成中性詞，甚至是褒義詞。例如： 1) He stole a glance at the pretty girl across the table他偷偷地看了桌子對面那個漂亮女孩一 眼。(中性詞) 2) Figures can lie when statistics are misused 統(tǒng)計資料用得不當，數(shù)字也會給人一種假象。(中性 詞) 3) The new computer boasts a number of ingenious features這臺新電腦具有不少值得一提的獨特之 處。(褒義詞) 4) Stop eating all her s

6、weets，you young villain! 別再吃她的糖果了，你這小淘氣鬼! (褒義詞) 5) You little rascal! Where have you hidden my shoes? 你這個小調(diào)皮鬼! 你把我的鞋子藏到哪里去 了? (褒義詞,1the peasant uprisings in the history of China 2. The enemy killed one of our comrades and we killed an enemy agent 3. The peasants and workers were hand in love with one another in the struggle against the landlords and capitalists who worked hand in glove with each other. 4. The adoption of the new policies will surely lead to some striking results. 5. There would have been more painful result but for the drastic measures. 6. His splendid new car w