高考英語非謂語動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)資料

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念 非謂語形式有三種： 1.動(dòng)詞不定式：to do表示目的和將來 2、動(dòng)詞的ing(動(dòng)名詞) : doing表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行 3.動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：done表示被動(dòng)和完成 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 一般式 完成式 進(jìn)行式 不定式 主動(dòng) to do to have done to be doing 被動(dòng) to be done to have been done ing 形式 主動(dòng) doing having done 被動(dòng) being done having been done 過去分詞 被動(dòng) done 三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的做題步驟： 、判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中

2、是否已有了謂語動(dòng)詞了。 12、找非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語。 3、判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。方法：非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 4、判斷時(shí)間關(guān)系。方法：分析句子，看看非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前、之后還是同時(shí)。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同時(shí)常用doing。 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語的比較 、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語和表語1：1）. 不定式表示一次性的、具體的動(dòng)詞。 動(dòng)詞ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如： _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A

3、. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2）. 不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it 作形式主語，即用句型： It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. Its important for us to learn English well. Its kind of you to help us. 注意：下面幾個(gè)句型是用動(dòng)名詞： Its no good / use doing sth. There is no point（in）doing sth 2、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞作表語的比較： 1）、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作表語，.

4、表示主語的內(nèi)容。如： My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的內(nèi)容) Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. （主，表語要用同一種形式） 2）、分詞作表語：記?。阂恍┍硎厩楦?、情緒的動(dòng)詞，常用分詞形式作表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)特征，用過去分詞表示主語的狀態(tài)。常用動(dòng)詞：surprise (使某人吃驚)， surprising (令人吃驚)， surprised (主語)感到吃驚）類似動(dòng)詞有：excite (激動(dòng))，a

5、stonish (驚奇)，shock (震驚)，scare (驚恐)， disappoint (失望)，move（感動(dòng)） 如： The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news. 3）、在seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove / turn out (被證明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等連系動(dòng)詞后，可用不定式作表語。 如： He seemed (to be ) very happy. 二、不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語的比較 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請求、只能接不定式的動(dòng)詞：口訣：1幫一幫。 dec

6、ied(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; agree,ask/beg,help. offer,promise,choose,plan; 2、只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：口訣： 考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想。避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit，delay, put off, fancy(想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep/k

7、eep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help, mind, allow/peremit, escape 3、接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同的動(dòng)詞： remember to do記得去做 remember doing記得做過; forget to do忘記去做 forget doing忘記做過 regret to do遺憾去做 regret doing 后悔做過 try to do設(shè)法去做 try doing試著做, go on to do做完某事接著做另一件事 go on doi

8、ng 繼續(xù)做同一件事 mean to do打算做 mean doing意味著做 stop to do停下來去做 stop doing停止做 cant help (to) do 不能幫助做 cant help doing 忍不住做 如：In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 4.表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望的動(dòng)詞,即表示本打算，想做，但事實(shí)上沒做。 這些動(dòng)詞plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wis

9、h, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 來表示。 注：Would like / love 只用would like to have done 如：I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 5、要接動(dòng)名詞的幾個(gè)句型： prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth f

10、rom doing (阻止做) how about / what about doing spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在花費(fèi)或浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢 have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做 有困難 have a hard / good time in doing 做 很艱難或做很愉快 6、含介詞to 的短語: look forward to 盼望， devoteto 致力于、獻(xiàn)身于， be / get used to 習(xí)慣于 lead to 導(dǎo)致， get down to 著手做，

11、 pay attention to 注意 refer to 談到、所指、參考，equal to 等于、能勝任，belong to 屬于 如: Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some school for poor children. A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D. having set up 7.動(dòng)詞不定式but,other than后面時(shí)，如果介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不（即前有后無） 如：tohave no choice but to do sth.

12、 帶to；否則帶to沒有別的選擇，只好做do Eg，Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 另外,cant choose/help but(只好); cant but(只好); had better; would rather 后面的不定式也省to Eg, He cant choose but stay on. 他沒辦法只好待下去 8permit / allow (允許)， forbid (禁止)，advise (建議

13、)，有兩種用法：一是后接動(dòng)名詞，二是后接“sb. + to do sth” 9、need, want, require“需要”,主語是物時(shí),need, want, require+ doing（用動(dòng)詞ing 主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)）/ to be done / sb to be done 名詞/doing be worthy+to be done/of being done be worth(值得) + eg. The window needs/wants/requires to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗戶需要擦一下。 The place is worth visiting. Th

14、e place is worthy+ to be visited/of being visited. 三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的比較 1、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：ask sb to do sth (sb作賓語，to do sth作賓補(bǔ)，賓語賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合賓語) 類似動(dòng)詞有：tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (號召)，depend on (指望)，would like

15、/ love (想要)，prefer, wish, expect, help sb (to) do sth. 注： )（不帶復(fù)合賓語hope2、（1）使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式：let / make / have sb do sth. 但使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用：be made to do sth. 注：get sb to do sth. 譯成“讓某人做（主動(dòng)句中to不省略） Eg，Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry, to cry B. c

16、rying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry （2）have句型： have sb do sth使/讓/叫某人干某事 have sb/ sth doing使某人某物持續(xù)的做某事, have sth done 表示兩種意義：A.請別人做，而不是主語做； B.意外事故引起的,“使遭受.” 如：He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair 如：Tom had his l

17、eg broken while playing football. 湯姆在踢足球時(shí)，傷了腿。 （3）get句型： get sb to do sth使/讓/叫某人干某事 get sb/ sth doing使某人/物開始動(dòng)起來 get sth done 使某事被做 如:He tried to get the car moving. 他盡力讓車發(fā)動(dòng)起來 （4）make oneself understood / heard / known 用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 3、感官動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語形式： 感官動(dòng)詞：feel, see, hear, watch, notice 用法：感官動(dòng)詞sb + do / do

18、ing / done/being done (分別表示全過程/正在發(fā)生/被動(dòng)完成/正在發(fā)生且表示被動(dòng))。 如： 1) They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 2) The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 3）I heard an English song _by a littl

19、e girl when I passed by her room yesterday. A.being sung B.singing C.sing D.to sing 4、with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with +賓+賓補(bǔ)（形容詞、副詞（in, out）,介詞短語，非謂語形式），非謂語形式有： to do 表示將來， doing 表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行， done表示被動(dòng)和完成。 如： The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

20、 5、find + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)（doing / done）, keep +賓+doing, catch sb + doing (撞見某人在做)， smell sb +doing (察覺到某人在做) 如：He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passager. A. put B. to be putting C . to put D. putting She found a wallet lying on the ground. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只錢包在地上。 Both doors were found l

21、ocked. 6.句型： It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that. 可轉(zhuǎn)化為： sb / sth be said / reported/known/believed to have done sth. 如：Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying 7.不定式，分詞作賓補(bǔ)的小竅門： 下列動(dòng)詞后在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在被

22、動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加上to；他們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看（look at,see,watch,notice,observe）;3使(make,let,have); 2聽（listen to,hear）1感覺 (feel) 以上動(dòng)詞還可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動(dòng)詞除make,let外都可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語；此外find,catch,keep,leave（+4）也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語。 如： Leave sb doing 讓某人一直做某事（賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） Its wrong of you to leave the machine ru

23、nning. 你讓機(jī)器一直開著是不對的。 四、三種非謂語形式作定語定語的比較： *考點(diǎn)一：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后有相應(yīng)的介詞。例如： 。in The Browns have a comfortable house to live There is nothing to worry about.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time，place或way時(shí)， 不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。 He had no money and no place to live (in). We find a way to solve this

24、 problem (in). *考點(diǎn)二：區(qū)別下面兩句話： Have you anything to send?(不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是“你”) “你有什么東西要寄嗎？” Have you anything to be send?（不定式的動(dòng)作是“我或別人”） “你有什么要我或者別人寄得東西嗎？” *考點(diǎn)三：修飾序數(shù)詞、最高級或no，all,any等詞多有動(dòng)詞不定式。例如： He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal *考點(diǎn)四：三個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語的區(qū)別：（與中心詞之間的關(guān)系） ?

25、 動(dòng)作表將來， 主動(dòng)時(shí)用to do ? 動(dòng)作表將來， 被動(dòng)時(shí)用to be done 例如：the building to be built next year ? 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)或不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)用 doing ? 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)時(shí)用 being done the building being built now ? 動(dòng)作已完成，表被動(dòng)時(shí)用 done；不及物動(dòng)詞 只表動(dòng)作完成 the building built last year 例： The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in

26、 the 16 th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written . The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作狀語的比較 、不定式作目的、原因、結(jié)果狀語11）目的：eg. She had to sho

27、ut to make herself heard. 常見于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)，可互換 2）原因：不定式常放在表示情緒反應(yīng)的形容詞后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。 如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill. 3）結(jié)果：常用 only to do來表示末曾預(yù)料到或令人不快的情況，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之后。 另外，固定結(jié)構(gòu)：too to do, enough to do, so / such a

28、s to do 中，不定式也作結(jié)果狀語。 4）.在形容詞后作狀語，只用不定式 如： The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.) 2、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞可作時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式、原因、結(jié)果.伴隨狀語，就不作目的狀語。分詞作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句 注：表示時(shí)間、條件或讓步的分詞，有時(shí)可帶上連詞（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although） 分詞作狀語時(shí)可分為以下幾種形式： * doing：用來表示主動(dòng)，且前后動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 * having done:表示主動(dòng),且

29、動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again. * being done:表示被動(dòng),且前后動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行 Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened. * done:表示被動(dòng)且完成 Destroyed in the storm, the house will be rebuilt. * having been done: 用來表示被動(dòng)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前 Having been defeated three times, he had to giv

30、e up. 如: Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistakes. The teaher came into he room,followed by many students. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 獨(dú)立成分作狀語： 3.有些分詞或者不定式短語做狀語，其形式上不受上下文的影響，不需要邏輯主語，無須依著動(dòng)詞形式;稱作獨(dú)立成分。 常見的不需要邏輯主語的動(dòng)詞

31、-ing/-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu): Considering (that)/ Seeing (that)考慮到 supposing (that)/ Proving/provided (that)/given (that) 如果 generally speaking 一般說來 frankly speaking 坦白說 關(guān)于 Concerning 說到 talking of 判斷從Judging from 相比 與. to tell you the truth,. 實(shí)話實(shí)說 compared to/with 坦白地說，我不同意他說的話。 例：. Frankly speaking, I dont agree

32、with what he said. 假如他病了，誰來做這工作呢？ . Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 從他口音來看，他來自南方。 . Judging from his accent，he is from the south. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：4. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，他的邏輯主語應(yīng)該和主句主語保持一致。但有時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞帶有概念：1） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞與其后的。我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)自己的邏輯主語，在句中做狀語， 。分詞等構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。特別注意的是，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與主句之間不使用任何連接詞 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不

33、同，它獨(dú)立存在。特點(diǎn)： 2）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的 名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。位置相當(dāng)靈活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，由逗 號與主句分開。不定式；形容詞；副詞；代詞現(xiàn)在分詞；過去分詞；名詞；名詞)+( 3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本構(gòu)成形式：介詞短語 例如：代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞： . 名詞( 天氣允許，我們明天去看你Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 例如：代詞)+過去分詞：(. 名詞 we began our holiday. （= When the test was finished ），The test finished動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞代詞+ 在“名詞/(代詞)+不定式： 名詞. 如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用被動(dòng)形式。如果存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式則用主動(dòng)的形式；more even school will look grass to be planted, our newly-built 例如：Many trees, flowers, and 種上許多的樹、花和草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？瓷先⒏馈?beautiful. ：例如：代詞)+形容詞 . 名詞( 電腦雖小，我們卻能廣泛地利用它們。Computers ver