翻譯中的常見錯誤.ppt

1、翻譯中的常見錯誤,漢譯英 造成漢譯英常見錯誤的原因錯綜復(fù)雜，但就其原因主要有兩個：一是運用英語知識的實踐能力差，盡管道理和規(guī)則記得很熟，但由于練習(xí)較少，動筆時容易出錯；二是受漢語的影響，常見的錯誤往往是用英語套用漢語的表達(dá)方式，習(xí)慣說法和思維模式等。,生搬硬套型錯誤,這類錯誤就是把漢語表達(dá)的意思逐詞照搬地直譯成英語。 美中不足 Both America and China are insufficient (正：a fly in the ointment) 嫁禍于人 Marry the misfortune to another. （正：shift the misfortune onto sb

2、. else）,范例,歡迎你來到英語角活動。 Welcome you to join our English corner activities. You are welcome to join our English corner. Welcome to join our English corner.,邏輯型錯誤,在用英語表達(dá)漢語原文的意思時，時間的先與后，執(zhí)行者與承受者之間的關(guān)系，非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與住句的主語，比較句的排除與包括，代替詞和名次的性與數(shù)的一致等都存在著一個邏輯問題。,時間先后不合邏輯,對不起，我沒看見你。 誤：Sorry I dont see you. 正：Sorry

3、I didnt see you.,范例,從圖書館借來的那本書已找到。 The book which was borrowed from the library had been found. The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.,不定式的邏輯主語問題,雖然不定式?jīng)]有語法上的主語，但有邏輯主語。不定式的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一致。 為了在搞科研中取得成功，需要堅持不懈。 誤：To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed. 正：

4、To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.,范例,要做出決定，應(yīng)該考慮各種因素。 To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration. To make a decision, you must take everything into consideration. 這本書需要翻譯成英語 The book is required to put into English. The book is required to b

5、e put into English.,分詞的邏輯主語問題,分詞的邏輯主語必須與句中的主語相一致。否則便成為懸垂分詞。 老虎在籠子里，因此我不怕。 誤：Being in a cage, I was not afraid of the tiger. 正：The tiger being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.,范例,看著窗外，他想起了自己的童年。 Looking out of the window, thoughts of his childhood came to him. Looking out of the window, he thought

6、of his childhood. 聽到這消息時，他滿眼是淚。 Hearing the sad news, his eyes were filled with tears. When he heard the sad news, his eyes were filled with tears.,不合乎邏輯的比較,指在譯成英語的句子中形成了非等同物之間的比較，如： 你們班的女生比我們班的更活躍。 誤：The girls in your class are more active than our class. 正：The girls in your class are more active t

7、han those in our class.,語法型錯誤,常見的語法錯誤有：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化錯誤；冠詞、介詞錯用漏用；比較級、最高級錯用或不一致；主謂關(guān)系不一致、主從關(guān)系混亂、非謂語動詞及虛擬語氣表達(dá)錯誤等。 他本來想多給你一點幫助的，只是他太忙了。 誤：He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently. 正：He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy recently.,范例,許多人不但不植樹，反而砍樹。 誤：Many people no

8、t only dont plant trees but also cut trees. 正：Many people dont plant trees, instead, they cut trees. 他們剛要走過街角就聽到了槍聲。 They were just turning the corner, when they heard the noise of a shot. Just as they were turning the corner, they heard the noise of a shot.,語義結(jié)構(gòu)型錯誤,由于容易受到漢語字面說法的干擾，漢譯英時要特別重視語義結(jié)構(gòu)（也可稱

9、為詞語搭配），比如：吃藥是take medicine,但吃蘋果是eat apple. 從他的話音里，我能聽出東西來。 I can hear something from the tone of his voice. I can tell something from the tone of his voice.,范例,我能看出你的心事。 誤：I can see your mind. 正：I can read your mind. 通過不斷實踐學(xué)習(xí)英語知識。 誤：Study knowledge of English by constant practice. 正：Acquire knowledg

10、e of English by constant practice.,英譯漢常見錯誤,望文生義型錯誤 如果孤立地理解詞語的意思，忽視上下文對語義的制約作用，遇到多義詞或詞組時，有時會信手拈來自己熟悉的意思放到譯文中，從而造成譯文扭曲，讓人無法理解。 Fight shy of the theoretical method of approach to the learning of English. 誤：從理論上講，學(xué)英文的方法就是要戰(zhàn)勝害羞。 正：學(xué)英語要避免只講理論（而不去實踐）。 fight shy of 是習(xí)語，意為回避、躲避。,范例,This failure was the makin

11、g of him. 誤：這次失敗是他造成的。 正：這次失敗是他成功的基礎(chǔ)。 They made an example of the boy. 誤：他們以這個男孩為榜樣。 正：他們懲罰這個男孩以儆他人。 He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him. 誤：他試圖看上去是生氣的，但是他的笑容背叛了他。 正：他假裝生氣的樣子，可是他的笑容暴露了他的真實情感。,語法關(guān)系混淆性錯誤,Any literate person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does not know English

12、. 誤：地球上任何有文化的人，如果不懂英語將被剝奪很多東西。 正：世界上任何有文化的人，如果不懂英語就算不上受過良好教育的人。 句中的deprived=underprivileged，意為所受教育少的，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不是被動語態(tài)。,范例,He stole her a watch. 他為她偷了一塊表。 It was not that he had plenty of money. 那并不是因為他有很多錢。 A man parked his car on a little bridge overlooking a picturesque, arid gully and took out his ca

13、mera. 一名男子把車停放在一座小橋上，小橋下面是一條美麗干涸的峽谷，這個人拿出相機準(zhǔn)備拍照。,邏輯型錯誤,Ive served in nine presidential appointed offices, but nothing has as tough and complex as this.” said Elliot Richardson. 誤：“我曾擔(dān)任過九個總統(tǒng)任命的職務(wù)，沒有哪一次像這樣棘手和復(fù)雜，”埃利奧特尼查森說。 正： “總統(tǒng)任命的職務(wù)我擔(dān)任過九個，沒有哪一次這樣棘手和復(fù)雜”，埃利奧特尼查森說。,范例,Albert Einstein, who developed the

14、theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. 誤：阿伯特愛因斯坦發(fā)展了相對論，他是通過數(shù)學(xué)得出這一理論的。 正：阿伯特愛因斯坦創(chuàng)立了相對論，他是通過數(shù)學(xué)得出這一理論的。,缺乏背景知識造成的錯誤,The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language. 誤：現(xiàn)在太陽從英國國旗上有規(guī)律地落下，但是英語卻不是這樣。 正：現(xiàn)在，英國已經(jīng)不是個“日不落”帝國了，但是，英語卻廣泛流行使用著。,范例,When you are do