狀語從句的概念

1、精品好資料學(xué)習(xí)推薦狀語從句的概念：狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí)，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)其作用可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。狀語從句一般由連詞(從屬連詞)引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，位于句尾時(shí)可以不用逗號(hào)隔開。比較while/as/when：1、as/when引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞例句：如：Just as/Just when/When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2、當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用

2、as或while。如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3、從句表示“隨時(shí)間推移”連詞能用as，不用when或while。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.比較untill/till：兩個(gè)連詞意義相同,肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時(shí)”，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是“直至某時(shí)才做某事”，動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式?？隙ň淅洌篒 slept until midnight. 我一直睡

3、到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。注意：在肯定句中可用before代替：Lets get in the wheat before the sunsets.否定句例句：She didnt arrive until 6oclock.I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how.1、Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例句：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.2、Untilwhen疑問句中，until要放在句首。例句：

4、Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么時(shí)候？注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。1）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例句：Not until the early years of the19th century did man know what heat is.2）It is not untilthat狀語從句的用種類：1、時(shí)間狀語從句：表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till(until), since, once, as soon as(或the moment), by the ti

5、me, no soonerthan, hardly(scarcely) when, everytime等引導(dǎo)。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. He started as soon as he received the news. Once you see him, you will never forget him. No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep. 2、原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的

6、連詞是because, since, as, nowthat（既然）等，for表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because強(qiáng)。e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position. As it is raining, I will not go out. Now that you mention it, I do remember. 3、地點(diǎn)狀語從句：引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you ha

7、ve a question. 4、目的狀語從句：引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss the train. 5、結(jié)果狀語從句：結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是

8、原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that（從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）,sothat, suchthat等引導(dǎo)。e.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting. He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 6、條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless

9、, so(as)long as, on condition that, so(as) far as, if only(=if)。注意：條件從句中的if不能用whether替換。e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch. You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. So far as I know（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months. You can go swimming on condition that(=if

10、) you dont go too far away from the river bank. If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 7、讓步狀語從句：讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if(though), however, whatever, whetheror, no matter who(when, what,)等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child a sh

11、e is, he knows a lot. Whatever(=No matter what) you say, Ill never change my mind. 8、方式狀語從句：方式狀語從句常由as, as if(though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。e.g.You must do the exercise as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened. 9、比較狀語從句：比較狀語從句常用than, so(as)as, the morethe more等引導(dǎo)。e.g. I have made a lot

12、more mistakes than you have. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels.使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題：1、在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 2、有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，

13、如果從句的主語與主句主語一致（或雖不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動(dòng)詞be，就可省略從句中的“主語+be”部分。e.g. When(hewas) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If(you are) asked you may come in. If(it is) necessary Ill explain to you again. 3、注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。e.g. You are to find it where you l

14、eft it.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句） Tell me the address where he lives.（定語從句，句中有先行詞） I dont know where he came from.（賓語從句） Where he has gone is not known yet.（主語從句） This place is where they once hid.（表語從句）注意：表示“一就”的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before/no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就”的意思。例句：I had hardly/scarcely got home when

15、 it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果hardly/scarcely或nosooner置于句首，句子必須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：例句：Hardly/Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.從屬連詞的概念：連詞用于引導(dǎo)從句以形成句子的一部分或修飾句子的構(gòu)成要素的叫作從屬連詞。英語

16、從屬連詞用法分類詳解：1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞：（1）表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的when, while, as, whenever：如：He jumped up when the phone rang. 電話鈴響時(shí)他嚇了一跳。We listened while the teacher read. 老師朗讀時(shí)我們聽著。 The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要離開，電話鈴就響了起來。（2）表示“在之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before, after：如：Turn the lights off before you leav

17、e. 離開前請關(guān)燈。 He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就開始做這份工作。（3）表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since, until, till：如：He has lived here since he got married. 他結(jié)婚后就一直住在這兒。 Most men worked untiltill theyre 65. 大多數(shù)男人工作到65歲。（4）表示“一就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the in

18、stant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等：如：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一見到他就把這消息告訴他。 I recognized her the moment(that) I saw her. 我一看到她就認(rèn)出她來了。 I want to see him the minute(that) he arrives. 他一到來我就要見他。 I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了

19、。 Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。（5）表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(隨時(shí))，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：如：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我見到他的時(shí)候，他好像有病。 Next time youre in London come and visit us. 你下次來倫敦過來探望我們。 Do look me

20、 up next time youre in London. 你下次到倫敦來，一定來找我。 Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去訪問他，他都不在。 You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話?！咀ⅰ縠very time,eachtime,any time前不用冠詞，(the)next time, (the)last time中的冠詞可以省略，而the first time中的冠詞通常不能省略。2、引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞：這類連詞主要有if, unless, asso long as, in

21、case等：如：If anyone calls tell them Im not at home. 要是有人打電話來，就說我不在家。 You will fail unless you work hard. 你若不努力就會(huì)失敗。 AsSo long as you need me, Ill stay. 只要你需要我，我就留下。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆！咀ⅰ吭跅l件狀語從句中，通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時(shí)態(tài)。不過，有時(shí)表示條件的if之后可能用will，但那不是將來時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委

22、婉的請求(will為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)：如：If you will wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 請等一下，我就去拿錢。3、引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等：如：We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我們使用計(jì)算機(jī)是為了節(jié)約時(shí)間。 Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 說清楚，以便讓他們能明白你的意思。 Be quiet in case you sh

23、ould wake the baby. 安靜些，免得把嬰兒吵醒。 He is working hard for fear he should fail. 他努力工作以免會(huì)失敗。4、引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等：如：Were all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我們現(xiàn)在都到齊了，終于能開會(huì)了。 Its so difficult a question that none of us can answer it. 那是一個(gè)很難的問題，我們沒有一個(gè)人能回答。 He shut

24、 the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗戶用力很大，結(jié)果玻璃震破了?！咀ⅰ縮o that中的that在口語中通常可以省略。5、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要的有because, as, since, seeing(that), now(that), considering(that)等：如：He couldnt got to school because he had a cold. 他因患感冒而未能去上學(xué)。 Since everybody is here, lets begin our discussion. 大家都到了，我

25、們就開始吧。 Seeing that it is 8oclock, well wait no longer. 由于時(shí)間已到8點(diǎn)，我們將不再等了。 Now that you are here, youd better stay. 你既然來了，最好還是留下吧。6、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要有although, though, eventhough, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等：如：AlthoughThough he is poor, he is well contented. 他雖窮卻能知足常

26、樂。 ThoughEven though its hard work, I enjoy it. 盡管是苦活，但我樂意干。 Even if you dont like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜歡喝酒，也嘗嘗這杯吧。7、引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等：如：Do it aslike he does. 像他那樣做。 He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他裝作若無其事的樣子。 They treat me as though I were a str

27、anger. 他們待我如陌生人。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do.沒有人像我這樣愛你。8、引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要有where, wherever, everywhere等：如：There were lots of parks where I lived. 我住的地方有許多公園。 Sit wherever you like. 你想坐在那兒就坐在那兒。 Everywhere they went, they were warmly welcomed. 他們每到一個(gè)地方都受到熱烈歡迎。9、引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞：主要有than和asas：如

28、：Its easier than I thought. 這比我想像的要容易。 They are as often wrong as they are right. 他們錯(cuò)對(duì)各半。10、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞：主要有that, if, whether：如：It is clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。Your greatest fault is that you are careless. 你最大的缺點(diǎn)是粗心大意。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.是否對(duì)我們有害還要看一看。 She didnt

29、 say if he was still alive. 她沒說他是否還活著。從屬連詞知識(shí)體系：用作從屬連詞的六類名詞結(jié)構(gòu)：英語中有些名詞結(jié)構(gòu)可用作從屬連詞，用以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，且主要是時(shí)間狀語從句。這類結(jié)構(gòu)歸納起來有以下六類：一、the+瞬間名詞：其中的瞬間名詞主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等，其意為“一就”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。如：The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他對(duì)她一見傾心。Telephone me the moment(that) you get the results. 你一有結(jié)果，馬上給我打

30、電話。I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡著了。Sheputdownthereceiverthesecondsherecognizedmyvoice.她一聽出是我的聲音，馬上就放下電話聽筒。注：其中的瞬間名詞后可接that，也可省略。另外，有的個(gè)別副詞（如directly/immediately等）也可表示類似意思。如： Immediately the meal was over,heswitchedon the radio.飯一吃完他就把收音機(jī)打開。二、the+季節(jié)名詞：其中的季節(jié)

31、名詞包括spring,summer,autumn,winter，其意為“在的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。如：His wife left him thespring he went abroad.在他出國的那年春天，他的妻子離開了他。He sold his house and went to the souththe summer he lost hisjob.在他失業(yè)的那年夏天，他賣掉房子去了南方。He was sentto prison the winter his third daughter was born.在他第三個(gè)女兒出生的那年冬天，他被關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。She got married

32、the autumn she graduated from college.她大學(xué)畢業(yè)的那年秋天就結(jié)婚了。三、the+時(shí)間名詞：其中的時(shí)間名詞主要包括hour,day,night,week,month,season,year等，其意為“在的時(shí)候、那天、那個(gè)晚上、那周、那個(gè)月、那個(gè)季節(jié)、那年”。如： The hour he wa sin her office,he felt very sad.當(dāng)他在她辦公室的時(shí)候，他感到很傷心。The day here turned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父親已經(jīng)死了。The night I wen

33、ttoseeher,shehadleftforBeijingtoattendanimportantmeeting.就我去看她的那個(gè)晚上，她到北京去開一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議了。Mr Smith didnt go to work the week his wife was ill.史密斯先生在他妻子生病的那個(gè)星期沒去上班。They ear helivedinthecountry,he learned alot.他在鄉(xiāng)下呆的那一年，他學(xué)到了不少東西。四、the+序數(shù)詞+time其中的序數(shù)詞包括first,second,third,fourth等，其意為“當(dāng)?shù)趲状蔚臅r(shí)候”。如： My girlfriend b

34、eat me at pokert he first time weplayed.我頭一次和女朋友打撲克，她就把我贏了。These cond time I saw her,she looked like an old woman.我第二次見到她時(shí)，她看上去像一個(gè)老太婆。The third time I went there,I found all of them had left and the offices were all empty.我第三次去那兒時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們都離開了，所有的辦公室都是空的。注：1.next,last也具有類似序數(shù)詞的性質(zhì)，因此也具有以上用法。如：Nexttimeyou

35、comein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你進(jìn)來，請關(guān)門。Thelasttimewetalkedhesaidheneededanothertwodays.上次我們談話時(shí)他說他還需要兩天。2.thefirsttime,thesecondtime,thethirdtime等用作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，其前通常要有定冠詞，而(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，其中的冠詞可以省略，如下面這道上海高考題，其答案是C，不是A：I though ther nice and honest_Imether.A.first time B.fo rthe first

36、time C.the first timeD.by the first time五、不定代詞+time其中的不定代詞主要包括each,every,any等。如：Every time I ringher,the phone is engaged.我每次給她打電話，電話都占線。Every time I see him he either wants to tell me his trouble or borrow some money.每次我見到他，他不是向我訴苦，就是要向我借錢。He felt nervous each times he spoke to him.每次她和他講話，他都感到緊張。A

37、nytimeyoucometoLondondolookmeup.你無論什么時(shí)候到倫敦來，一定要來看我。注意：everytime,eachtime,anytime用作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)其前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞，它與the first time,thesecondtime,the third time等引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)其前必須要用定冠詞不同。六、其他名詞結(jié)構(gòu)以上歸納的名詞結(jié)構(gòu)均用于引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，有些其他結(jié)構(gòu)還可引導(dǎo)其他性質(zhì)的狀語從句，如the way可用于引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“像一樣”。如：The didnt do it the way we do now.那時(shí)他們不像我們現(xiàn)在這樣行事。Joyc

38、e looked at me the way alotof girls did.喬伊絲像許多姑娘那樣瞧著我。注：這樣用的theway與as用法相似。如：Hold itin both hands,the way(=as)Mummy does.用兩只手捧住，像媽媽那樣。并列連詞的概念：連詞是一種虛詞，它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分而只起連接詞與詞，短語與短語以及句與句的作用。連詞主要可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、詞組和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both

39、.and, notonly.butalso, either.or, neither.nor, (and)then 等等。并列連詞與并列結(jié)構(gòu)：并列連詞引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的句子。1）and與or：判斷改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò)) They sat down and talk about something.(錯(cuò)) They started to dance and sang.(錯(cuò)) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(對(duì)) They sat down and talked about something.(對(duì)) They started to dance an

40、d sing.(對(duì)) I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語，所以talk應(yīng)改為talked。 第二句：and連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)不定式往往省略to，因此sang應(yīng)改為sing。 第三句：and連接感觀動(dòng)詞saw后面的用作的賓補(bǔ)的兩個(gè)并列分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，因此whisper應(yīng)改為whispering。注意：and還可以和祈使句或名詞詞組連用表示條件。（or也有此用法）如：Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.=If you make up y

41、our mind, youll get the chance. One more effort, and youll succeed.=If you make one more effort, youll succeed.2）both.and 兩者都如：She plays(both) the piano and the guitar.3）not only.but(also), as well as 不但而且如：She plays not only the piano, but(also) the guitar.注意：not onlybut also關(guān)聯(lián)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，一個(gè)分句因有否定詞not而必須

42、倒裝。如：Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.4）neither.nor 意思為“既不也不”謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則，與nor后的詞保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is to blame.比較so和such ：so與such的用法由不同詞性決定。such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或副詞。so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many，few，much，little連用，形成固定搭配。構(gòu)成：so+adj. such+a(n)+n. so+adj.+a(n)+n. such+n.(pl.) so+adj.+n.(pl.) such+n.(pl.) so+adj.+n.不可數(shù)such+n.不可數(shù)如：so foolish such a foolso nice a flower