2022屆高考英語一輪總復習專題十一主謂一致和特殊句式二特殊句式學案含解析新人教版

1、特殊句式 考點一倒裝(一)完全倒裝1表示方向、地點和時間的副詞、介詞短語置于句首時用完全倒裝。常見的有：there，here，in，out，away，up，down，from，off，back，over，then，now，in the room，on the wall等。Here comes the bus車來了。In rushed the angry man那個生氣的男人沖了進來。Now is your turn現(xiàn)在輪到你了。In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden學校門前是一個漂亮的大花園。特別提示：主語為代詞時不倒裝。Ou

2、t they rushed他們沖了出去。2表語連系動詞主語(表語是形容詞、介詞短語、動詞-ing形式、過去分詞等)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests出席會議的有懷特教授、史密斯教授，還有許多其他客人。Such are the facts; no one can deny them這些就是事實，沒有人可以否認。(二)部分倒裝1“only狀語(副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”置于句首時，句子或者主句要用部分倒裝。Only then did he realize that he

3、 had lost his way直到那時他才意識到自己迷路了。Only when he returned did we find out the truth唯有他回來，我們才能弄明白事實。2具有否定意義的副詞或短語如not，nor，neither，never，seldom，rarely，hardly，little，by no means，at no time，in no way，under no circumstances等位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent他以前難得見過如此有天賦的孩子。By no mea

4、ns shall we give up我們絕不會放棄。3在以下幾個固定句式結(jié)構中，句子使用部分倒裝。(1)sobe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語They love having lots of friendsSo do those with disabilities他們喜歡擁有許多朋友，殘疾人也是如此。特別提示：so表示“是的，確實”，重復上文，表示贊同對方的觀點時，主謂語不倒裝。It is too hot天太熱了。So it is是啊，的確很熱。(2)neither/norbe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語I dont know who he is，nor do I want to know我不知道他是誰，

5、我也不想知道。(3)在such/sothat 結(jié)構中，“so/such被修飾詞”位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others他跑得很快，遠遠領先于其他人。(4)neithernor結(jié)構位于兩個分句的句首時，用部分倒裝。Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it我不知道這件事，我也不在乎。(5)在not only but (also)結(jié)構中，not only位于句首時，第一個分句用部分倒裝。Not only do I like painting，but I (also)

6、 take a course我不但喜歡畫畫，而且還上了繪畫課。特別提示：此結(jié)構連接主語時不倒裝。Not only he but also his parents are sick不但他而且他父母也病了。(6)not until 位于句首時，句子或主句用部分倒裝。Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time直到我兒子上了大學他才意識到時間的重要性。(7)在hardlywhen/no soonerthan結(jié)構中，hardly/no sooner位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。Hardl

7、y had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door她一坐下就聽到有人敲門。No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain她剛踏出家門天就下起雨來。特別提示：這兩個結(jié)構都要求主句謂語用過去完成時。(8)as/though引導的讓步狀語從句可以將句中狀語、表語、動詞原形提到句首構成部分倒裝。Pretty as/though she is，she is not proud盡管她很漂亮，但她一點也不自負。Try as he would，he mig

8、ht fail again盡管他還會嘗試，但可能還會失敗。特別提示：單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表語提前時，省略其前的不定冠詞。Child as he is，he knows a lot雖然他還是個孩子，但他懂得很多。(9)虛擬條件句若有had，were，should時，可省略if，從句用部分倒裝。Were I you，I would take his advice如果我是你，我會接受他的建議。Should it rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off如果明天下雨，運動會將會推遲。 考點二省略1狀語從句的省略(1)在when，while，whenev

9、er，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引導的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含有be動詞，而從句的主語又與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it 時，從句的主語和be動詞常被省略。While (we were) walking，we met our old friend Jack我們散步時碰到了老朋友杰克。(2)if so，if any，if possible，if necessary，if not 已看作固定搭配。If (it is) necessary，ask MrWang to help you如果有必要，找王先生幫你。Errors，if (there

10、 are) any，should be corrected如果有什么錯誤，就應該改正。2不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，為了避免重復，有時不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符號to。I shall go if I want to如果我想去就去。(2)若被省略的不定式結(jié)構中含有be，have，have been，通常應保留這些詞。He hasnt finished yet他還沒完成。Well，he ought to have哦，他該完成了。 考點三強調(diào)句型1強調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語、狀語等。It is only

11、children who will make such stupid mistakes只有孩子才會犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。2強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構是“疑問詞is/wasitthat其他部分”。Was it in this market that you bought the TV?你是在這個市場買的電視嗎？Where was it that he got the information?他是從哪里弄到這個信息的？特別提示：強調(diào)句型不能強調(diào)謂語動詞。如果需要強調(diào)謂語動詞，用“助動詞do，does或did動詞原形”，意為“的確；真的；務必”。Do sit down務

12、必請坐。He did say that he would help me他的確說過他會幫我的。 考點四there be結(jié)構1there be結(jié)構的謂語形式there be結(jié)構中的謂語動詞be有時可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be 或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur 等替換。There seems to be something wrong with the machine機器好像出了點問題。There is likely to be an important meeting tomo

13、rrow明天很可能會有一個重要的會議。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple從前，那座廟里住著一個老和尚。2there be結(jié)構的非謂語形式What is the chance of there being an election this year?今年舉行選舉的可能性有多大？(there be的動詞-ing形式作介詞 of的賓語)I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job我希望他有很多機會能找到工作。(there be的動詞不定式結(jié)構作動詞expect的復

14、合賓語) 考點五感嘆句感嘆句常用來表示驚嘆、贊美、喜悅等語氣。1what 引導的感嘆句Whata/anadj可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！Whatadj可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！What a strange plant！Ive never seen it before這種植物真奇怪！我以前從未見過。What lovely children they are!他們是多么可愛的孩子啊！2how 引導的感嘆句Howadja/an可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主語謂語！Howadj/adv主語謂語！How主語謂語！How interesting a story it is!What an interesting sto

15、ry it is!這是多么有趣的一個故事?。ow time flies!時間過得真快??！難點釋疑 強調(diào)句型與其他結(jié)構相似的復合句的區(qū)別1與含主語從句的主從復合句的區(qū)別It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month他們打算下個月去參觀長城，這是真的。It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit他們打算去參觀的地方是長城。第一句是一個主從復合句，其中It是形式主語；that引導的是主語從句，that沒有任何意義，在從句中不作任何成分；第二句是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是賓

16、語the Great Wall，It is和that沒有任何意義，只是用來構成強調(diào)句型的基本框架。2與含定語從句的主從復合句的區(qū)別 It is a question that needs careful consideration 這是一個需要仔細考慮的問題。 It is novels that William enjoys reading威廉喜歡讀的是小說。第一句是一個主從復合句，其中that引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞a question，that在從句中作主語，It在主句中作主語；第二句是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是賓語novels，It is和that沒有任何意義，只是用來構成強調(diào)句型的基本框架。

17、3與含狀語從句的主從復合句的區(qū)別(1)與“It is/was時間名詞when”的區(qū)別It was 6 oclock when I got up today今天我起床時6點了。It was at 6 oclock that I got up today今天我在6點起的床。第一句是主從復合句，It指時間，when引導時間狀語從句，時間名詞前無介詞；第二句是強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)的是時間狀語at 6 oclock，It was和that無實際意義。(2)與“It is/was時間段since”的區(qū)別It is two years since I taught English我不教英語兩年了。It is tw

18、o years since I began to teach English我教英語已經(jīng)兩年了。It is two hours that he spends on English every day他每天花兩個小時學英語。前兩個句子是“It is時間段since”句型，since引導時間狀語從句。若since和延續(xù)性動詞連用，該句型的意思是“不做某事已有時間了”；若since和非延續(xù)性動詞連用，該句型的意思是“做某事已有時間了”。since引導的從句常用一般過去時。第三個句子是強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是賓語two hours。(3)與“It was時間段before”的區(qū)別It was two year

19、s before he came back from abroad過了兩年他才回國。It was two years later that he came back from abroad他是兩年后回國的。第一句中的It指時間，before引導的是時間狀語從句；第二句為強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是時間狀語two years later。解題策略 策略一固定句式思維法考生要養(yǎng)成看到以it開頭的句子，就要考慮強調(diào)句型的思維模式，把強調(diào)結(jié)構排除之后再考慮需要用的其他連接詞?！镜淅緾ould it be in the restaurant _where_ you had dinner with me yeste

20、rday _that_ you lost your hand bag?解析：句意：你會不會把手提包丟在昨天我們一起吃晚飯的飯店里了？第一空用where引導定語從句，where在從句中作地點狀語；第二空用that構成強調(diào)句型的基本框架。故答案為where；that。策略二標志識別法 解答倒裝類題目的關鍵是判斷出句子是否具備使用倒裝的條件。1看句首是否有表示否定意義或半否定意義的詞或短語，是否有only所修飾的狀語(從句)，是否有so修飾的形容詞或副詞以及not until，not only等?！镜淅縉ot until the motorbike looked almost new _did_

21、he stop repairing and cleaning it解析：not until位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝；再結(jié)合“l(fā)ooked”可知時態(tài)為一般過去時，故此處填助動詞did。2看句首是否有表示方位或方向的詞或短語，且主語是否為名詞，或結(jié)合題干的句子結(jié)構看是不是分詞等置于句首，若是，則用完全倒裝。【典例】 Just in front of our house _stands_ (stand) a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years解析表示地點的介詞短語Just in front of our house置于句首，且句子的主語為名詞，句子要用

22、完全倒裝，即主語a tall tree要放在謂語之后。本空應填stands。易錯聚焦 1主謂不一致2運用中出現(xiàn)語法錯誤達標檢測單句語法填空1(2020新高考卷)Often, only a small part of a museums collection _is_ (be) on display Most of it is stored away or used for research解析：考查主謂一致。句意：通常，博物館只展出一小部分藏品。此處描述的是客觀事實，應使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語a small part of a museums collection是單數(shù)概念，謂語動詞應使用第三人稱

23、單數(shù)形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research中的is也是提示。故填is。2(2020新課標卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _means_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)上文“This really exc

24、ites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語是it，所以空處謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means。故填means。3(2020江蘇卷改編)If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _suits_ everyone解析：考查動詞主謂一致。句意：如果你從各個方面看問題，你可能會找到一個適合每個人的解決方案。句子描述的客觀事實，應使用一般現(xiàn)在時；此處是定語從句謂語動詞，先行詞是a solution，從句謂語動詞應使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填suits。4(2020新

25、課標卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _carries_ (carry) special significance解析：考查主謂一致。句意：這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾具有特殊意義的原因。這是一個表語從句，從句主語為動名詞短語decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填carries。5(全國)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _

26、make_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about解析：第二個破折號之后為but連接的并列句，whatever it is是讓步狀語從句，主句為祈使句，所缺詞是主句的謂語動詞，應使用動詞原形。故填make。6(湖南)It was when we were returning home _that_ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble解析：分析句子結(jié)構可知此句為強調(diào)

27、句，并且強調(diào)的是時間狀語，故用that。7(2019全國I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _are_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data解析：考查主謂一致。句意：在已經(jīng)確認的19個北極熊亞種群中，有3個在減少，6個穩(wěn)定，1個在增加，9個缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用

28、復數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時。故填are。8(全國卷)Fast food _is_(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet解析：根據(jù)行文的時態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時；句子的主語fast food(快餐)是不可數(shù)名詞短語，故填 be的第三人稱單數(shù)形式is。單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1(2020新課標卷)My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples_第一個dont

29、改成doesnt_解析：考查主謂一致。句意：我爸爸不喜歡湯，我也不喜歡蘋果。表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時。主語my dad是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，所以dont改成doesnt。2(陜西)I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!_hadhave_解析：考查倒裝句的謂語結(jié)構，“did主語動詞原形”，故had應改為have。3(浙江卷)After we left, I said, “That was very nic

30、e of you, Mother But I didnt think she looked like Grandma”“Neither did me，” said Mother cheerfully_meI_解析：“neither助動詞主語”結(jié)構中，主語應該用主格形式，故me應改為I。4(浙江)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us_waswere_解析：who引導的賓語從句中主語是we，謂語應用復數(shù)。5(遼寧)Hard work have made him very ill_havehas_解析：work為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單

31、數(shù)。6(陜西)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught_werewas_解析：There be句型中be動詞應該與其后主語a sudden pull在數(shù)上保持一致。7(2018全國卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well_includeincludes_解析：考查主謂一致。that作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)includes。語法填空Ou

32、r school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools There _1are_(be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building The number of the books _2is_ (be) large It was 2,000,000 dollars _3that_ all the books cost our sch

33、ool It is such a large amount of money _4that_ an average family cant afford it，right? But in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion, many students have a thirst for knowledge Our library is also a multifunctional building There are 500 computers in it Many a student _5surf

34、s_ (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John, are surfing the Internet _6How_ happy they are! Look! A professor and writer _7is_ (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always _8cheer/cheers_ (

35、cheer) up What lovely children they are! Enter our art room _9and_ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room On the wall _10are_ (be) about 500 pictures, which attract many students 文章大意：本文為一篇說明文。介紹了學校與眾不同的圖書館。解析：1本題考查了There be句型主謂一致問題。There be句型的主謂一致應遵循“就近一致”原則，故本句的謂語動詞應與two

36、 computer rooms保持一致。因此填are。2“the number of復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞應與the number保持一致，即用動詞的單數(shù)形式。故填is。3本題考查強調(diào)句型。被強調(diào)部分為2,000,000 dollars。故填that。4本題考查了“suchthat”句型。句意：這是如此大的一筆錢以至于一個普通家庭負擔不起，是不是？故填that。5“many a/an單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式。故填surfs。6本題考查感嘆句。設空后為形容詞。故填How。7此處主語a profess or and writer(一位教授兼作家)，指的是一個人。故填is。8th

37、e audience作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數(shù)均可。故填cheer/cheers。9本題考查“祈使句and陳述句”，本句型相當于“if從句主句”。句意：走進我們的美術教室，你就會看到一位老師和他的學生們正在教室里畫畫。故填and。10本題考查倒裝句。主語為about 500 pictures。將本句改為正常語序后為：About 500 pictures are on the wall。故填are。短文改錯When we were small, the teacher told us that we could help others Offer help to someone who are

38、in need of help is Chinese tradition Today，we are happily to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak, but some negative examples also exist at the same time It has reported that many people saw the woman was jumping off a bridge But they not just took out their cellphones and took picture No one tried to stop her It is a pity what people become so cold-b