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1、專題六非謂語動詞考點精講 非謂語動詞的形式及句法功能種類時態(tài)主動被動主語賓語賓補表語定語狀語不定式一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done動名詞一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done分詞現(xiàn)在一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done過去一般式done(vi)表完成done(vt)表被動與完成考點一非謂語動詞作定語1動詞不定式作定語(1)動詞不定式作定語通常置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,與所修飾的詞之
2、間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave她總是第一個來,最后一個走。(主謂關(guān)系)Have you got a letter to write?你有信要寫嗎?(動賓關(guān)系)特別提示:動詞不定式既可用主動式也可用被動式,但其含義有所不同。試比較:Do you have anything to send? (動作的執(zhí)行者是“你”)你還郵寄什么東西嗎?Do you have anything to be sent?(動作的執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”)你還有什么東西要(我或別人)去寄嗎?(2)當(dāng)名詞或代詞被序數(shù)詞
3、、形容詞最高級、the last、the only等修飾,且不定式與其邏輯主語為主謂關(guān)系時,常用動詞不定式作定語。He is the best man to do the job他是做這項工作的最佳人選。(3)當(dāng)被修飾詞是表示抽象意義的名詞時,常用不定式作后置定語,且不定式常用主動形式。常見的此類名詞有ability,chance,idea,attempt,plan,way,opportunity等。I want to have a chance to further my study abroad我想獲得到國外深造的機(jī)會。特別提示:在作定語的動詞不定式中,如果其中的動詞是不及物動詞,不定式后
4、面就要用必要的介詞。但是如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place,time,way等,不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上可以省去。She is a very nice person to work with她是個可以共事的很好的人。He has no place to live (in)他沒有地方住。2動詞-ing形式作定語當(dāng)該動詞與被修飾的名詞之間為主動關(guān)系或用來表示被修飾詞的用途時,用動詞-ing形式。Three days later, I received a letter offering me the job三天后,我收到了一封給我提供這份工作的信。This is a reading room這是一個
5、閱覽室。特別提示:被修飾的名詞與修飾詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時,用動詞-ing形式的被動式作定語,表示該動作的被動和進(jìn)行。The houses being built are for the teachers正在建造的房子是給老師的。3過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語,被修飾的名詞與分詞在邏輯上通常是被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作定語也可表示完成。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures清華大學(xué)建立于1911年,是許多杰出人物的搖籃。This is a book writt
6、en by a famous Chinese writer這是一本由一位著名的中國作家寫的書??键c二非謂語動詞作狀語1動詞不定式作狀語,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等(1)作目的狀語,有時用in order to或so as to,但so as to不用于句首。We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again為使我們的天空再次蔚藍(lán),我們將繼續(xù)開展防治空氣污染的運動。(2)作結(jié)果狀語,其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語,常用結(jié)構(gòu)enough to,tooto,only t
7、o等。He is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problems他很聰明,能解決數(shù)學(xué)難題。Im too tired to stay up any longer我太累了,不能再熬夜了。(3)作原因狀語,此時常與表示情感的形容詞連用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog發(fā)現(xiàn)門前坐著一只狗,我很害怕。特別提示: 動詞不定式也可以跟在一些作表語的形容詞easy,hard,difficult,p
8、leasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作狀語,構(gòu)成“主語be形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。This book is difficult to understand這本書很難理解。2動詞-ing形式作狀語動詞-ing形式作狀語,常表原因、方式、伴隨、時間、結(jié)果、讓步等,與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。She sat there reading她坐在那里讀書。(伴隨狀語)Seeing her mother,she cried out一見到她媽媽,她哭了起來。(時間狀語)Being blind,how could he see it? 眼睛失明了,他怎
9、么能看到它?(原因狀語)His parents died,leaving him an orphan他的父母去世了,使他成為一名孤兒。(結(jié)果狀語) 特別提示:動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語時,常表示意想不到的結(jié)果;而動詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語時,常表示自然而然的結(jié)果。He hurried to the bus stop,only to find that the bus had already gone他急匆匆趕到車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)公交車已經(jīng)走了。There was a terrible accident,causing the traffic jam出了嚴(yán)重的交通事故,引起了交通堵塞。3過去分詞作狀語過去
10、分詞作狀語,分詞與句子主語之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars如果給予正確的訓(xùn)練,這些青少年足球運動員有一天也許會成為國際明星。Bitten twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog由于被咬了兩次,郵遞員拒絕給我們送信,除非我們把狗拴起來。某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化,且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中
11、,此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動,也不表示完成,而表示一種狀態(tài),如:lost(迷路的),seated(坐著的),hidden(隱瞞的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿著的),tired of(對感到厭倦的)等。Absorbed in his book,he didnt notice me enter the room專心于讀書,他沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful穿著紅色的衣服,她看上去更漂亮了。特別提示:獨立成分作狀語,其形式不受前后文的影響。常用的有:considering(鑒于,考慮到)
12、;generally speaking(總的來說);judging by/from(從來看,依據(jù)來判斷);supposing that(假定);providing that(如果);owing to(由于);talking/speaking of(談及);given that(考慮到);provided that(如果);to tell the truth(實話實說);to be honest(老實說)等。Generally speaking, it is hot in summer in this area總的來說,該地區(qū)夏季炎熱??键c三非謂語動詞作賓語1有些動詞或動詞短語后通常接不定式作賓
13、語,巧記如下:此外,learn,choose,afford,happen,wait等也常用不定式作賓語。All the factors considered,we decided to offer the job to Li Wei,a man of rich experience把所有的因素都考慮進(jìn)去后,我們決定把這份工作給李偉,一個很有經(jīng)驗的人。2有些動詞或動詞短語后常接動詞-ing形式作賓語,巧記如下:此外,feel like,devote to,be/get used to,object to,set about,insist on,pay attention to,stick to,
14、be busy (in),have difficulty/trouble (in)等動詞短語后也接動詞-ing形式作賓語。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended我回避提及這個問題,以免冒犯他。3既可用動詞-ing形式,也可用動詞不定式作賓語,但意義區(qū)別明顯的動詞 That would mean wasting a lot of labour那將意味著浪費許多勞動力。Really? I dont mean to waste any labour是嗎?我并沒打算浪費勞動力。特別提示: 動名詞作賓語時,可以帶邏輯主
15、語。此時,邏輯主語可以是物主代詞、人稱代詞的賓格或名詞所有格。作賓語的動詞-ing形式和不定式除了一般式和主動式,還有完成式、被動式。完成式表示該動作比謂語動作先發(fā)生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。Do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷嗎?I regret not having taken her advice(not須放在having前)我后悔沒有聽從她的建議。They couldnt stand being treated like that他們不能忍受被那樣對待。He decided to help me but I pr
16、etended to have finished my job他決定幫我,但我假裝已經(jīng)完成工作了??键c四非謂語動詞作賓補1分詞作補語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的兩大特征:一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系;二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行??山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補的動詞(短語)常見的有:have,see,hear,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch,smell,feel,listen to,look at等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its
17、 breakfast我抬頭注意到一條蛇在樹上爬行去捕捉它的早餐。I wont have you speaking to your dad like that我不會讓你那樣和你爸爸說話。I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday(被動,正在進(jìn)行)昨天當(dāng)我經(jīng)過一個小女孩的房間時,聽到她正在唱歌。過去分詞作賓補的兩大特征:一是及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有動賓關(guān)系;二是不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補與賓語有主謂關(guān)系,多用來表示動作已完成??山舆^去分詞作賓補的動詞有:hav
18、e,see,hear,find,leave,want,make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane leftClaire在飛機(jī)離開前一小時檢查了行李。I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much我吃驚得發(fā)現(xiàn)我的家鄉(xiāng)變化如此大。2不定式作補語接帶to的不定式作賓補,此類動詞(短語)有:advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,hate,invite,leave,like,me
19、an,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish,call on,depend on/upon,long for,wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it我沒打算讓你聽到它。Were all longing for the new term to begin我們都盼望著新學(xué)期的開始。接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞(短語)有:make,have,let等使役動詞以及see,watch,notice,observe,look at,feel,hear,listen to等感官動詞(短語)。如果這
20、些動詞或短語用于被動語態(tài),則to不可省略。動詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略,也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them讓那些需要的人理解,我們會全力以赴幫助他們。She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago十分鐘前她被看見進(jìn)入了經(jīng)理辦公室。考點五非謂語動詞作主語1動詞-ing形式作主語動詞-ing形式作主語表示抽象的、經(jīng)常性的或習(xí)慣性的動作,尤其是一般行為傾向。Its not easy to learn English
21、wellReading as much as possible is necessary學(xué)好英語不容易。盡可能多閱讀是必要的。通常為了避免句子主語過于冗長,用it作形式主語,動詞-ing短語后置。It is no good/use learning without practice學(xué)習(xí)但不實踐是沒有好處的/用的。2動詞不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼?。To get up early is necessary早起是必要的。通常為了避免句子主語過于冗長,用it作形式主語,動詞不定式短語后置。Its not easy to work out the problem解決這一
22、問題不容易??键c六非謂語動詞作表語1動名詞作表語時,說明主語的內(nèi)容。The queens work is laying eggs女王的工作是產(chǎn)卵。2不定式作表語時,說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作,或表示將來的動作。His ambition is to go to Harvard University他的志愿是上哈佛大學(xué)。注意:現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語時,通常為分詞化的形容詞。考點七獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1名詞或主格代詞動詞不定式名詞或主格代詞與動詞不定式之間是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系,且強調(diào)的是一次具體性的將來的動作。He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to
23、 help借助于一些舊零件,他要做一個飛機(jī)模型。2名詞或主格代詞動詞-ing形式名詞或主格代詞與動詞-ing形式之間為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。The girl staring at him ( As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say姑娘兩眼望著他,他不知道說什么好。3名詞或主格代詞過去分詞名詞或主格代詞與過去分詞之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。The problems solved ( As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved隨著問題的解決,質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。4wit
24、h和without引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既可看作介詞短語,在句子中作定語;也可看作獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),常在句中充當(dāng)狀語。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:with賓語The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him如此多孩子坐在這個人周圍,他非常高興。John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it約翰收到了去參加晚宴的邀請,他工作完成了,高興地接受了。With a lot of diffic
25、ult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time有許多難題要解決,這個新上任的總統(tǒng)處境艱難。難點釋疑 名詞的“數(shù)”的判斷非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語的關(guān)系 1非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語通常要與句子的主語保持一致?!菊`】Found him angry,I began to tell jokes【正】Finding him angry,I began to tell jokes 發(fā)現(xiàn)他生氣了,我開始講笑話?!菊`】Looking around,there was no one nearb
26、y【正】Looking around,I found there was no one nearby 環(huán)顧四周,我發(fā)現(xiàn)附近沒有人。2若非謂語動詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,則要在非謂語動詞前加上其自身的邏輯主語,“邏輯主語(名詞/主格代詞)非謂語動詞”被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu):具體形式如下:(1)名詞/代詞現(xiàn)在分詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞可有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化。Winter coming,it gets colder and colder冬天來了,天氣越來越冷了。(2)名詞/代詞過去分詞。構(gòu)成過去分詞的動詞與名詞/代詞為動賓關(guān)系,且過去分詞表示動作已完成。 The test finished,we began o
27、ur holiday考試結(jié)束了,我們的假期開始了。(3)名詞/代詞不定式。不定式表示將來的動作,有語態(tài)的變化。The two boys said goodbye to each other, one to go home,the other to go to his friends兩個男孩彼此道了別,一個回家,另一個去朋友家。 (4)有些分詞/不定式短語作狀語時,盡管它們的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,但也不作為語法錯誤來處理。常見的這類分詞短語有g(shù)enerally/frankly/roughly/ strictly speaking,talking of,speaking of,judging
28、 from, taking everything into consideration等。Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys一般來說,女孩子比男孩子更喜歡文學(xué)。常見的這類不定式短語有to be frank,to be sure,to tell(you)the truth,to be honest,to make matters worse等。To tell you the truth,its all Greek to me說實話,我對此一竅不通。解題策略 策略一分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),判斷是謂語動詞還是
29、非謂語動詞首先判定所給提示詞是否充當(dāng)句子的謂語,如果句子不缺少謂語,就用非謂語動詞?!镜淅緿uring the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together _to share_ (share) a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes解析:句意:在中秋節(jié)期間,家庭成員常常歡聚一堂,享受大餐、賞月并品嘗月餅。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子為簡單句,且謂語動詞為gather,故空處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞;再根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填to share。策略二找邏輯主語,再判斷與動詞
30、之間的關(guān)系非謂語動詞作定語時,其邏輯主語是被修飾詞;作狀語時,其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語;作補語時,其邏輯主語是動詞或介詞的賓語。 分析非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者)之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動賓關(guān)系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動作的發(fā)出者還是承受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關(guān)系,則用過去分詞。但是當(dāng)含有被動意義時,如果非謂語動詞表示的動作尚未發(fā)生,則用不定式的被動式;如果非謂語動詞表示的動作正在進(jìn)行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的被動式?!镜淅縅im has retired,but he still remembers the hap
31、py time _spent_ (spend)with his students解析:句意:吉姆已經(jīng)退休,但他仍記得與學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時光。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,the happy time與spend是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,且此處表示一個已完成的動作,所以用過去分詞短語作后置定語。故填spent。策略三判斷所給動詞與謂語動詞發(fā)生的先后順序根據(jù)非謂語動詞與謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生的先后順序確定用一般式還是完成式。如to have done,having done表示該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前;to be doing,doing表示該動作與謂語動詞表示的動作(幾乎)同時發(fā)生?!镜淅?/p>
32、He is thought _to have acted_ (act) foolishlyNow he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job解析:句意:他被認(rèn)為是舉止愚蠢的,現(xiàn)在失去這份工作他只能責(zé)怪自己,不能怨別人。be thought to do sth表示“被認(rèn)為做了某事”;由句意可知,act的動作發(fā)生在think之前,故用不定式的完成式to have acted。易錯聚焦 1缺少非謂語動詞的主動與被動意識2缺少搭配意識3缺少前后主語一致意識(誤)Before handing in your test paper,it is
33、 necessary to go over the whole paper(正)Before handing in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper(正)Before you hand in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper4缺少結(jié)構(gòu)意識達(dá)標(biāo)檢測 單句語法填空1(2020新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagin
34、e themselves living at a different time in history or _walking_ (walk)through a rainforest解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:除了觀賞展品,游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲,想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期,或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分,共同做imagine的賓補,imagine sb doing sth “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _t
35、o find_ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:中國的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的,應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語。故填to find。3(2020浙江卷)Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas, _making_ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields解析
36、:考查非謂語動詞。句意:后來,他們學(xué)會了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種,在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)形式做狀語。故填making。4(2020浙江卷)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _to change_(change)lives解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已
37、有動詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。5(2020天津卷改編)_To help_ (help)us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了幫助我們準(zhǔn)備考試,老師建議通讀我們的筆記。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,老師建議我們誦讀筆記是“為了”幫助我們準(zhǔn)備考試。故表目的,應(yīng)用動詞不定式。故填To help。6(2020新課標(biāo)卷)They represent the earth _coming_ (come) back
38、to life and best wishes for new beginnings解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動詞為represent,所以這里為非謂語動詞。名詞earth與come back to之間為主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填coming。7(2019全國I卷)Scientists have responded by _noting_ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusi
39、on(錯覺) that populations are higher than they actually are解析:考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知,此處用動名詞主動形式。故填noting。8(2019全國卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _being_ (be) Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week解析:考查非謂語動詞。介詞for后跟動詞時,應(yīng)用其-ing形式作賓語。故填being。9(2019浙江卷)But som
40、e students didnt want _to wear_ (wear) the uniform解析: 考查非謂語動詞作賓語。句意:但是,有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want to do sth“想要做某事”,這是want的固定用法。故填to wear。10(2018浙江卷)I still remember _visiting_(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time解析:考查非謂語動詞。此處指我記得
41、去拜訪一個在這里住了五年的朋友,表示記得做過某事用remember doing sth。故填visiting。11(2018全國卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _dying_(die) early by running解析:考查動名詞。句意:你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重,但仍然通過跑步會減少早亡的風(fēng)險。此處of是介詞,其后用動名詞。故填dying。12(2018全國卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _to stay_(stay)and
42、watch解析:考查非謂語動詞。固定短語allow sb to do“允許某人做某事”,應(yīng)該用to stay。13(全國卷)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _using_(use) electric equipment解析:介詞without之后的動詞要用動名詞形式。14(2019全國III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining
43、so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _to get_ (get)there解析:考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達(dá)那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺謂語,此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞,故填to get,作主語代替形式主語it。15(2019天津卷)_Learning_(learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future解析:考查動名詞。句意:學(xué)會批判性思維是當(dāng)代小孩未來
44、所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主語成分,而過去分詞、動詞都不可以作主語。此處用動名詞作主語。故填learning。16(2018全國卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _challenged_(challenge)解析:考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視他的眼睛,他就不會感到被挑戰(zhàn)。feel為系動詞,表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”,用過去分詞challenged。17(2019全國卷)When we got a call _saying_ (
45、say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke解析:考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語從句可知,此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語,解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容,call與say是主動關(guān)系。故填saying。18(全國卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter _permitted_(permit) to film a special un
46、it caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild解析:因為句中已有謂語動詞was,故此處要用非謂語動詞形式。因permit與reporter之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞形式作后置定語。19(四川)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _to eat_(eat)!解析:不定式to eat作定語,修飾前面的不定代詞something。句意:25天中,她寸步不離她的孩子,甚至不去找東西吃!20(全國卷)Abercrombie & Ken
47、t, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _living_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong解析:句中已有謂語動詞arranges,故應(yīng)考慮此處填非謂語動詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,故用表示主動意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。故填living。21(全國卷)A study of travelers _conducted_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor
48、 names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world解析:句意:TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行的一項對于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故此處應(yīng)該使用過去分詞作定語,修飾名詞study。故填conducted。22(2019全國III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
49、on the North Shore under the stars,_listening_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals解析:考查分詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”,所以本題空格處動詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的,所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題,and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式。故空格處填listening。23(2019北京卷)Nervously _facing_ (face) challenge
50、s, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:緊張地面對挑戰(zhàn),我知道我將輕聲對自己說兩個簡單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知,此處是做句子的狀語,要用非謂語動詞,其邏輯主語是I,與邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填facing。24(2019江蘇卷) _To enjoy_ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones解析:考查非
51、謂語動詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語。句意:為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便,很多老年市民開始使用智能手機(jī)。故填不定式To enjoy。25(2018全國卷)You dont have to run fast or for long _to see_(see)the benefit 解析:考查不定式作目的狀語。句意:你不必跑得太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。26(2018全國卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _to improve_(improve) water quali
52、ty 解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞連接且謂語動詞是encourages,故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。27(全國卷)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years People probably cooked their food in large pots, _using_(use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it解析:第二句中已有謂語cooked,且無其他連詞,use與句子主語存在主動關(guān)系,故填現(xiàn)在分詞形
53、式using作方式狀語。28(2019全國I卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _to perform_ (perform) consistently over a large area 解析:考查非謂語動詞。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)之后,常用不定式作原因等狀語,句意:跟蹤北極熊的現(xiàn)代方法只是在二十世紀(jì)八十年代以來開始采用,并且在如此大區(qū)域內(nèi)持續(xù)采用是昂貴的。故此處用to perform。29(全國卷)When a
54、new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _to cool_(cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night解析:“形容詞enough動詞不定式”為常用句式。單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1(2020新課標(biāo)卷I)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to coo
55、k_frying改為fried_解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動詞fry與tomatoes之間是動賓關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語,故將frying改為fried。2(2020新課標(biāo)卷I)My mom told me how to preparing it_preparing改為prepare_解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:我媽媽告訴我如何準(zhǔn)備這道菜。分析句子可知,“how不定式”作told的賓語,to是不定式符號,后應(yīng)接動詞原形,故將preparing改為prepare。3(2020新課標(biāo)卷)I tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill_forced 后面加to_解析:考查非謂語動詞。句意:我告訴我媽媽,如果我們被迫吃東西,我們可能會生病。be forced to do sth被迫做某事,所以forced 后面加to。4(2018全國卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish _sellselling_解析:考查動名詞。去年夏天他們通過賣魚掙了一大筆錢。此處介詞by后用動名詞,故用selling。5(全國卷)
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