高考英語狀語從句講解和分析

1、副詞性從句狀語從句 步步高培訓學校 一一.基本概念基本概念 1.什么是狀語？由哪些詞來做狀語？什么是狀語？由哪些詞來做狀語？ 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、 介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞等擔當。 例句： naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞) we worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短 語) to help my disabled aunt , i spend an hour working in her house eve

2、ry day . (不定式) seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞) 2.什么是狀語從句？什么是狀語從句？ 在句子中起狀語作用的句子就是狀語從句， 用來修飾主句或者主句的謂語。 二二.狀語從句的種類狀語從句的種類 adverbial clauses of time adverbial clauses of time （時間狀語從句）（時間狀語從句） adverbial clauses of reason (adverbial clauses of reason (原因狀語從句）原因狀語從句） adverbial

3、 clauses of conditions (adverbial clauses of conditions (條件狀語從句）條件狀語從句） adverbial clauses of place (adverbial clauses of place (地點狀語從句）地點狀語從句） adverbial clauses of purpose (adverbial clauses of purpose (目的狀語從句目的狀語從句) ) adverbial clauses of result (adverbial clauses of result (結果狀語從句結果狀語從句) ) adverbi

4、al clauses of comparisonadverbial clauses of comparison（比較狀語從句）（比較狀語從句） adverbial clauses of concession (adverbial clauses of concession (讓步狀語從句）讓步狀語從句） adverbial clauses of manner (adverbial clauses of manner (方式狀語從句方式狀語從句) ) 1.時間狀語從句： 常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till,

5、 until 特殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when 例句： i didnt realize how special my mother was until i became an adult. while john was watching tv, his wife was cooking. the children ran away from the

6、 orchard(果 園) the moment they saw the guard. 2.原因狀語從句： 常用引導詞：because, since, as, for 特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that. 例句： my friends dislike me because im handsome and successful. now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference. considering that he is no mor

7、e than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 3.條件狀語從句： 常用引導詞：if, unless, 特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that 例句： well start our project if the president agrees. you will certainly succeed as/so long as you keep on t

8、rying. provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here. 4.地點狀語從句： 常用引導詞：where 特殊引導詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhere 例句：generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. wherever you go, you should work hard. 5.目的狀語從句： 常用引導詞：so that, in order that 特殊引導詞：lest, in c

9、ase, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 例句：the boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. the teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 6.結果狀語從句： 常用引導詞：so that, such that, 特殊引導詞

10、：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that 例句：he got up so early that he caught the first bus. its such a good chance that we must not miss it. 7.比較狀語從句： 常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度 的比較) 特殊引導詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; a is to b what /as x is to y; no more than;

11、not a so much as b 例句：she is as bad-tempered as her mother. the more you exercise, the healthier you will be. food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。 8.讓步狀語從句： 常用引導詞：though, although, even if, even though 特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須 要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that

12、, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever 例句： much as i respect him, i cant agree to his proposal. the old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. no matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. he wont listen whatever you may say. 9.方式狀語從句: 常用引導詞：a

13、s, as if, how 特殊引導詞：the way 例句:when in rome, do as the roman do. she behaved as if she were the boss. sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 三三.狀語從句中的考點和難點狀語從句中的考點和難點 1.幾類狀語從句中引導詞的基本用法和區(qū)別 2.狀語從句的時態(tài)問題 3.狀語從句的省略問題 4.狀語從句的倒裝問題 5.狀語從句的虛擬語氣問題 6.狀語從句與其他從句的區(qū)分區(qū)別 1.幾類狀語從句中引導詞的基本用

14、法和區(qū)別幾類狀語從句中引導詞的基本用法和區(qū)別： 1）時間狀語從句中when ，while，as的區(qū) 別：見下頁表格！ whenwhileas 動作動作 先后先后 同時發(fā)生或同時發(fā)生或 先發(fā)生先發(fā)生 同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生 時間時間 內(nèi)涵內(nèi)涵 時間點或時間點或 時間段時間段 時間段時間段時間段時間段 時態(tài)時態(tài) 規(guī)定規(guī)定 從句用一般從句用一般 現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在時表示 將來時間將來時間 從句用進從句用進 行時態(tài)行時態(tài) 從句與主句時態(tài)從句與主句時態(tài) 一致一致 動詞延續(xù)動詞延續(xù) 性性 持續(xù)動詞或持續(xù)動詞或 短暫動詞短暫動詞 持續(xù)動詞持續(xù)動詞持續(xù)動詞持續(xù)動詞 eg: 1). when he com

15、es here tomorrow, ill call you. (when = at that time) 2）while he was walking in the street, he met tim =when he was walking in the street, he met him. 3)as they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. (as: 一邊一邊.一邊一邊, 隨著隨著） 4)i like tea while she likes coffee. (這里的這里的while 是等立連詞不是從屬連詞，表示是等立

16、連詞不是從屬連詞，表示“然而，卻然而，卻”) 2）.時間狀語從句的中的till、until和和notuntil： 肯定句肯定句: 主句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞主句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,主從句都為肯定式主從句都為肯定式, 意為意為 “某一動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止某一動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止 ”。 eg: you may stay here until / till the rain stops. he remained there until / till she arrived. 否定句：主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞否定句：主句謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞, 從句為肯定式，從句為肯

17、定式， 意為意為 “某動作直到某時間才開始某動作直到某時間才開始”。 eg: he will not go to bed until (till) his mother comes. until she told me, i had no idea of what they had said. 注意注意: till 不可置于句首不可置于句首。 3）.時間狀語從句中before 和和 since 的用的用 法：法： 1) he returned, his mother had prepared food for him. (在在之前之前) 2)the fire lasted four hours

18、 before the firefighters could control it.(才才) 3)before i could speak to him, he had left hurriedly. (沒來得及沒來得及) 4)write down the telephone number before you forget it.(趁趁; 以免以免) 5)i hadnt waited long before he came back. (就就) 6) get out before i call the police. (否則否則; 要不然要不然) 8) it is/was/will be +

19、 some time + before-clause (多久以后才多久以后才) eg: it will be half a year before i come back. it wont be long before we meet again. since =(from the time that) 9）主句現(xiàn)在完成時）主句現(xiàn)在完成時+since + clause（一般過去時）：（一般過去時）： eg: 1). i have known him ever since he was a boy. 2). i have worked here since i graduated from th

20、e university. 3). it is (has been) two years since he came here. 4）.時間狀語從句中 by the time的用法：的用法： 這個詞組常用來指到某一時間點為止這個詞組常用來指到某一時間點為止,主句常用完成時態(tài)。主句常用完成時態(tài)。 eg: by the time he arrived, the train had already gone. by the time he comes, we will already have left. 例外：例外： by the time he went abroad， he was fourt

21、een.(主句主句 是系表形式或像是系表形式或像know等表示等表示”認知認知”的持續(xù)動詞的持續(xù)動詞, 則往往則往往 用一般時態(tài)。用一般時態(tài)。) 5）.原因狀語從句中的原因狀語從句中的because，since， as的區(qū)別。三者均表示的區(qū)別。三者均表示“因為，由于因為，由于”的的 意思。它們區(qū)別是：意思。它們區(qū)別是： because語氣最強，用于回答why引導的有較強 邏輯性的因果關系問題，它常常與only，just以及 否定詞not連用。because引導的從句通常置于主 句之后，只有在強調(diào)的時候在置于主句之前。 例句：1）tom should attend school because

22、he has reached 7. 2) just because they wanted to earn more money, they made a lot of low-quality products. since和as語氣都比較弱，多用在口語中， 所表示的原因比較明顯，或者是大家都已 知的事實。因此，它們的前面不可用just， only等強調(diào)詞和否定詞not。它們引導的從 句多置于句首。 例句：1)as you already know the truth, i need not explain the whole thing to you. 2)since everyone is

23、 here, lets begin our meeting, shall we? 注意：for也是一個表示原因的連詞，與 because，since，as不同的是，它是個等 立連詞，放在句中連接兩個并列的句子。 for比較文氣，長用于筆語。 例句：the days are getting warmer and warmer, for spring is coming. because, since, as ,for 1.i danced in front of the people because i liked it. 2. as/since he was not well, i decid

24、ed to go without him. 3.as/since everybody know about it, i dont want to talk any more. 4. i had to talk to him, for i had no second choice. 6）.目的狀語從句中的目的狀語從句中的so that和和in order that: （為了。以便。）（為了。以便。） 它們引導的狀語從句中需要情態(tài)動詞, in order that 比 so that正式, 引導的狀語從句可置于主句之前 或之后,而 so that 引導的從句一般置于主句之后。 eg: 1). th

25、ey set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time. 2). in order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 注意目的狀語從句與不定式、介詞短語的互注意目的狀語從句與不定式、介詞短語的互 換換 eg: they set out early so that (in order that) they might arrive there in time.= they set out early in order

26、to ( so as to) arrive there in time 7）.結果狀語從句中的sothat和和 suchthat： such + adj.+pl/ +that-clause such + a / an + adj. + n + that-clause such + a lot of / lots of + pl + that-clause so +adj./adv. +that-clause so + adj.+a/an + n + that-clause so + many/few + 復數(shù)名詞 +that-clause so + much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 + th

27、at-clause eg: 1. it is so good a story that ill never forget it. = it is such a good story that ill never forget it. 8）.讓步狀語從句although和though的用法： although 與與 though 意思相同意思相同,表示表示“盡管，雖然盡管，雖然” 的意思，一般可互換的意思，一般可互換,都可以與都可以與 yet, still 或或 nevertheless連用連用, 但不能和但不能和 but 連用。連用。 例句：eg: 1). although (though)

28、he is old ,he works hard. = he is old, but he works hard. 另外：另外：though 還可以用作副詞，意為還可以用作副詞，意為“可是，然可是，然 而而”，置于句尾。例句：，置于句尾。例句：he said he would come; he didnt, though.(可是可是) 2.狀語從句的時態(tài)問題：狀語從句的時態(tài)問題： 1）“主將從現(xiàn)”原則：一般情況下，時間 和條件狀語從句的謂語動詞一般用“一般 現(xiàn)在時”表示“一般將來時”，用“現(xiàn)在 完成時”表示“將來完成時”。例句： i will call you as soon as i arr

29、ive in beijing. 解說：這是由as soon as引導的時間狀語從 句，主將從現(xiàn)原則。 as soon as i have finished this work, i will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。(解說：從句中的謂 語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時have finished，表示將來完成時,決不可用will have finished。) if you work harder, you will pass the exam next time.(主將從現(xiàn))=work hard, and you will pass the exam. ill return the boo

30、k as soon as i have finished reading it. hell have four years at university after he leaves school 2）since與完成時： since 引導時間狀語從句時，其主句通常要用現(xiàn)在 完成時，有時也用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。從句用一般 過去時。 例句：he has grown an inch since i saw him. 我上 次見到他以后他已長高了一英寸。 更多例句參看 注：當主句為“it + be + 一段時間”時，則通常用一般現(xiàn) 在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。如： its more than three yea

31、rs now since i saw her last. 我們 已有三年多沒見面了。 3）特定句式的時態(tài)： 由 no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcelywhen引出的時間狀語從 句，其主句通常用過去完成時，從句通常 用一般過去時。 另外：通常會把no sooner和和 hardly/scarcely提到句首時提到句首時,這個時候應用這個時候應用 部分倒裝語序。（該知識點在倒裝結構中部分倒裝語序。（該知識點在倒裝結構中 有講到，請參看?。┯兄v到，請參看?。?例句： hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

32、 他剛到她就抱怨起來。 no sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang. 他剛睡著電話鈴就響了。 we had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我們剛出發(fā)就下起一陣雷暴。 no sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她剛同意嫁 給他她就開始產(chǎn)生可怕的疑慮。 3.狀語從句的倒裝問題：狀語從句的倒裝問題： 請參看ppt倒裝結構的講解。 4.狀語從句中的虛擬語氣問題：

33、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣問題： 請參看ppt虛擬語氣的講解。 5.狀語從句的省略問題狀語從句的省略問題: 請參看ppt省略的講解。 6.狀語從句與其它從句的區(qū)分區(qū)別。狀語從句與其它從句的區(qū)分區(qū)別。 四四.高考真題和對比訓練高考真題和對比訓練 1. (01北京春北京春)did you remember to give mary the money you owed her? yes. i gave it to her _ _ i saw her. a. whileb. the moment c. suddenly d. once 2. i thought her nice and honest _

34、i met her. a. first time b. for the first time c. the first time d. by the first time 答案：答案：1.b 2.c 3. (03北京春北京春) was his father very strict with him when he was at school? yes. he had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. a. after b. unless c. until d. when 4. (03上海上海)

35、 a good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. a. when b. unless c. after d. until 答案答案3.c 4.d 5.(04福建福建) scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. a. since b. after c. before d. when 6. (05北京

36、春北京春) it is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. a. before b. since c. after d. because 答案：答案：5.c 6.b 7. _ i accept that he is not perfect, i do actually like the person. （04江蘇）江蘇） a. while b. since c. before d. unless 8. allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷）湖南