Subject-Verb Agreement

1、teaching plan for english grammar week 3 chapter two subject-verb agreement (concord)grammatical concordnotional concordprinciple of proximityexercise 1 1. many a boy and girl _ (has/have) made such a funny experiment.2. there _(is/are) more than one answer to this question. 3. more topics than one

2、_(have/ has) been discussed at the meeting.4. a word or two _(is/are) misused in the sentence.5. one or two words _(is/are) misused in the sentence.6. there _(is/are) one or two words misused in the sentence.keys: 1. many a boy and girl has made such a funny experiment.2.there is more than one answe

3、r to this question. 3. more topics than one have been discussed at the meeting.4. a word or two is misused in the sentence.5. one or two words are misused in the sentence.6. there are one or two words misused in the sentence.more examples:1. there is many an error that he has neglected.2. many a man

4、 has wished that he is a women-killer.3. more than one person has been killed in the accident. contents1. three basic guiding principles2. problems of concord with collective nouns3. problems of concord with nouns ending -s4. problems of concord with a coordinate subject5. problems of concord with e

5、xpressions of quantity 6. other problems of subject-verb concord: noun clause; there-be structure; other structuresthree basic guiding principles主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則： 1) 語法一致原則 (grammatical concord)2) 意義一致原則 (notional concord) 3) 就近原則 (principle of proximity)1. 語法一致： tom is a good stu

6、dent. they often play football on the playground.2. 意義一致： my family are having lunch now. twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 3. 就近一致： not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. there is a pen and some books on the desk. problems of concord with collective nounsexerc

7、ise 21. the public _ (is/are) generous in their contribution to the tsunami海嘯 victims.2. the committee _(has met/ have met), and it has decided to dismiss him.3. cattle _(is/are) grazing in the field. 4. the police _(has/have) caught the murderer. 5. the furniture _(needs/ need) painting. word group

8、 1armyaudience class club committee company crowd couple enemy group government jury party personnel staff team union publicpublic the public is the best judge. the public are requested to write down their names in this book. team he has joined the football team who are all famous footballers. a foo

9、tball team which keeps on training hard is more likely to mittee the committee _ made up of ten members. the committee _ unanimous in their opinion. the committee _ not of one opinion. the committee who _ responsible for it _ all punished. =the committee which _ responsible for it _ dissolved

10、.keys: the committee was made up of ten members. the committee were unanimous in their opinion. the committee are not of one opinion. the committee who were responsible for it were all punished. the committee which was responsible for it was dissolved.audience there was/were a large audience in the

11、great hall. the audience was/were excited. keys: there was a large audience in the great hall. the audience were excited. word group 2folk people police youth militia cattle poultry(家禽) vermin （害蟲） domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid

12、 of. word group 3foliage machinery equipment furniture merchandise the merchandise has arrived undamaged. all the machinery in the factory is made in china. exercise 31. every means _ (has/have) been tried but without much result. 2. these deer _(are/is) small compared with other species of deer. wo

13、rd group 4 aircraft deer fish means sheep species series works crossroads headquarters bellows(風箱) plastics gallows (絞架) manners(禮貌), whereabouts (行蹤) but news（消息）是不可數(shù)名詞，通常只作單數(shù)用.problems of concord with nouns ending -sexercise 41. the dreams of the red mansion _ (was/ were) written by cao xueqin.2.

14、the united states _(was/were) founded in 1776.3. the philippines _ (lie/lies) to the south-east of china. 4. the alps _(is/are) in europe. 5. the smiths _ (was/were) having their breakfast when the morning post came. word group 51. 書刊名、國名、組織名+ sl verb in early january 1976 the netherlands was hit by

15、 its worst storm since 1953.2. 群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布 + pl verb the west indies are divided into two parts. the straits of gibraltar have great importance. the niagara falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world. 3. 一家人 + pl verbexercise 5n measles _(is/are) a kind of infectious illness. n linguis

16、tics (語言學) _(is not/ are not) very difficult to learn. word group 6 病癥arthritis 關(guān)節(jié)炎 mumps 腮腺炎 diabetes 糖尿病 measles 麻疹word group 7 學科physics 物理學 mathematics 數(shù)學 mechanics 機械學 optics 光學politics 政治學 statistics 統(tǒng)計學 economics 經(jīng)濟學 linguistics 語言學athletics 體育學 tactics 兵法more examples: statistics show that t

17、he number of housewives who work part-time has increased in the past few years in the u.s. the economics of the project are still being considered. problems of concord withcoordinate subjectsexercise 71. english and chinese _(is/are) quite different languages.2. the writer and translator _(is/are) m

18、y good friend. 3. each boy and each girl _(is/are) praised. 4. no teacher and no student _(was/were) present. 5. not only they but also i _ (is/am/are) interested in such kind of things. 6. if law and order _(is/are) not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe. 7. interest, as well a

19、s prospects, _(is/are) important when one looks for a job. 8. doctor smith, together with his wife and two sons, _(is/are) to arrive on the evening flight. 1. and/bothand+ v. pl. 但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。 english and chinese are quite different languages. the writer and t

20、ranslator is my good friend. if law and order is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.2. 當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like， in addition to，as much as， no less than， along with， like， rather than， together with， but， besides， including等介詞或介

21、詞短語時，謂語動詞與第一個名詞即真正主語一致。3. or, eitheror，neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut principle of proximity either my wife or i am going. neither you, nor i, nor anyone else knows the answer. not only you but also he is ready to leave.4. each/ every/ no/ many a + n. sl. + and + each/every/no/ many a + n. sl.

22、 + v. sl. each boy and each girl has got a seat. every man and every woman is at work. many a boy and girl has made such a funny experiment.problems of concord with expressions of quantityall (most, half, enough, some, the rest, the remainder) + ofn when enough of the tree _(is/are) chopped away, th

23、e tree falls.n enough of the data _(has/have) been collected. n although his many examples were all right, the remainder _(was/were) not exact. fraction& percentage + ofn four-fifths of the crop _ (was/were) ruined.n three-fourths of the buildings _(was/were) destroyed. one of n he is one of the stu

24、dents who _(has/have) passed the examination.n tom is the only one of the staff members who _(is/are) going to be promoted. a/the number of / a/the variety of n a number of cars _(is/are) parked in front of the building. n the number of private colleges (has/have) increased. others表示時間、價格、重量、數(shù)目、長度、數(shù)

25、學運算等的詞或短語作主語時 fifteen years _ (represent) a long period of his life. one hundred miles _ (is/are) too far to travel on foot. ten thousand dollars _ (is/are) a large sum of money.n more than one + v. sl. more than one student has read the book. n more +noun (pl.) + than one+ v. pl .more members than

26、one are against your plan. n one and a half + n. pl. + v. sl.one and a half bananas is left on the table. n a/an+ n sl. + or two + v. sl. one or two + n .pl. + v. pl. a student or two has failed the exam. one or two words are misused in the sentence. word group 8glasses， spectacles，clothes， trousers

27、， shoes, compasses， chopsticks，tweezers, scissorsa kind of，a pair of , a series of + n. pl. + v. sl. a pair of shoes was on the desk.a great deal of ，a large amount of+ n.(u) + v. sl. large amounts of+ n.(u) + v. pl. a large amount of (a great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. large amo

28、unts of money were spent on the bridge.noun clauseexercise 81. what he did _(has/have) nothing to do with me.2. what we badly need here _(is/are) competent teachers.3. that they were wrong _(is/are) now clear to us.4. whether she comes or not _(dont/ doesnt) concern me.5. what caused the accident an

29、d who was responsible for it _(remain/remains) a mystery. there be- structureexercise 91. there _(has/have) never been hard feelings between the families living on this block. 2. there _(is/are) one or two things id like to do today. 3. there _(is/are) two textbooks, one pen and a rubber on the desk

30、. other structurespron. as subjectn 名詞性物主代詞作主語時 ours (our party) is a great party. your shoes are black, and mine (=my shoes) are brown. n such， the same起指示代詞作用時 such is our plan. such are his words. n 關(guān)系代詞who， that， which等在定語從句中作主語時 those who want to go please put up your hands. some of the energy

31、that is used by man comes from the sun. n 疑問代詞who， what， which作主語時 who lives next door ? it is xiao liu. who live next door ? it is zhang and liu.n 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語 + v. sl. is everyone here today? someth

32、ing is wrong with him. nobody was in.n 不定代詞any，none，all some，more等作主語時，有以下兩種情況：單獨作主語時，視其在文中的意義，動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)形式。 either， neither單獨作主語時，謂語通常用單數(shù)。 now all has been changed. all are present. n 但后接of 時，若of 的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞當然用單數(shù)形式，若of 的賓語為復數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動詞更常用。 do(es) any of you know his address

33、 ? none of them has (have) seen the film.“the + adj.” structurethe brave， the poor， the rich， the blind， the young， the old，the sick， the dead， the deaf and dumb， the oppressed， the injured， the wounded， the unemployed但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時指個別，則用單數(shù) the blind study in special schools. the departed was a w

34、ell-known engineer. 這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個體時，就要與名詞man， person或表示人的單數(shù)連用，如：an old man， a rich person， the (a) wounded soldier. 表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式. 如： the beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。infinitive / gerund as subject to see is to believe. (眼見為實。) doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. “kind” structurethis kind

35、of book =a book of this kind+ v. sl.this kind of men = men of this kind butthis kind of men+ v. sl.men of this kind + v. pl. this kind of men is dangerous. men of this kind are dangerous.all kinds of+ n. pl. + v. pl. “,”加、減、乘、除 + v. sl. / pl.plus prep. 2 plus 2is 4. minus prep. whats 93 minus 7? tim

36、es prep. /v. you times 6 by 4 to get 24.divide v. 36 divided by 2 equals 18. exercise 101. in that country, the rich _(become/becomes) richer, the poor _(become/becomes) poorer. 2. the beautiful _(live/lives) forever. 3. writing stories and articles _(is/are) what i enjoy most. 4. to listen to fine

37、music and to chat with good friends _(is/are) two pleasures in life. 5. weeping and wailing _(do/does) nothing towards solving the problem. 6. another five weeks _(is/are) necessary for us to finish the work.7. ten thousand dollars _(is/are) a large sum of money. 8. two times two _(make/makes) four.

38、 9. fifteen minus five _(leave/leaves) ten. 10. 10 plus 10 _(equal/equals) 20. 代詞一致代詞一致是指句子中的代詞應(yīng)在數(shù)、性、人稱等方面保持一致，或代詞和它所指的名詞詞組在某些方面保持一致。 the city is proud of its parks. the nurse picked up the baby and handed it to its mother由and 連接兩個先行詞時，代詞用復數(shù) george and john sat down with their coats on. 由or, eithero

39、r, neither. nor, not onlybut also 連接的先行詞如果在數(shù)和性上是一致的，就用其相應(yīng)的代詞；如果在數(shù)和性上不一致，代詞可與鄰近的先行詞保持一致，在正式文體中也可用兩個不同的代詞。 neither mary nor alice had her key with her. neither the parcel nor the letters had reached their destination. not only tom but also i can do my work well.當each, everyone, everybody, no one, none

40、, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody 用作主語或主語限定詞，其相應(yīng)的代詞用單數(shù)形式 everybody talked at the top of his voice. nobody wants to go there, dose he?當everything, anything, something, nothing等用作主語時，句中相應(yīng)的代詞一般只按照語法一致的原則，用單數(shù)形式。 anything on the desk can be thrown away, cant it? everything is ready, isnt it? 集

41、體名詞作先行詞時，如果集體名詞指整體，用單數(shù)代詞，如果指集體中的個體，則用復數(shù)代詞。 my family is large. it is composed of nine members. my family are loving and supportive. they are always ready to help me.chapter 3 subject-verb agreement (講解)1. three basic guiding principles2. problems of concord with collective nouns3. problems of concor

42、d with nouns ending -s4. problems of concord with a coordinate subject5. problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject6. other problems of subject-verb concord主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則： 1) 語法一致原 (grammatical concord) 2) 意義一致原則 (notional concord) 3) 就近原則 (principle of proximit

43、y)three basic guiding principles1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。 tom is a good student. they often play football on the playground.2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù), 但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。my family are having lunch now. twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 3. 就近一致：指謂語

44、動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。 not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. there is a pen and some books on the desk. i. problems of concord with collective nouns1. 對于某些集體名詞，如people， police，cattle, folk, militia, poultry, vermin, youth等，只當復數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復數(shù)。2. 而family, class, group, te

45、am等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個個具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。(這類名詞還包括: army, audience, class, club， committee, company，couple, crew，crowd，enemy，government, group, jury, party, personnel, public, staff, team, union等。)3. foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise等集體名詞作主語時，一般謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 examples: he has

46、joined the football team who are all famous footballers.a football team which keeps on training hard is more likely to win.the committee was made up of ten members.the committee were unanimous in their opinion. the committee are not of one opinion. the committee who were responsible for it were all

47、punished. the committee which was responsible for it was dissolved.there was/were a large audience in the great hall. the audience was/were excited. domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of. the merchandise has arrived undamaged.all the

48、 machinery in the factory is made in china. 4. 表示店鋪的名詞（the bakers， the barbers， the carpenters， the zhangs ），一般作集體名詞看待，但用作主語時，謂語動詞往往用復數(shù)。如： richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. ii. problems of concord with nouns ending -s1.以“-ics”結(jié)尾的學科名詞：指教育、科研的某一學科, 作單數(shù)。但表示“具體的學業(yè)、活動”等時，多用作復數(shù)。如： physics 物理學 mathe

49、matics 數(shù)學mechanics 機械學 optics 光學politics 政治學 statistics 統(tǒng)計學economics 經(jīng)濟學 linguistics 語言學athletics 體育學 tactics 兵法2. “works工廠，means方法，series系列，species物種，aircraft飛機”等名詞單、復數(shù)同形，要從上下文判斷其具體意義來決定單、復數(shù)。這類名詞通常還有:crossroads(十字路口), fish, deer, sheep, headquarters (總部駐地), bellows(風箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), mann

50、ers(禮貌), whereabouts (行蹤), ”等。（但news（消息）是不可數(shù)名詞，通常只作單數(shù)用。3. 以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱 通常用作單數(shù)，但也有一些用作單復數(shù)均可。（see tb p30）4. 表示游戲名稱的名詞通常用作單數(shù)，但在指用于這些游戲的具體工具時用作復數(shù)。 （see tb p30）5. 書刊名、國名、組織名+ 單數(shù)動詞in early january 1976 the netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953.6. 群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布 + 復數(shù)動詞 the west indies are divided in

51、to two parts. the straits of gibraltar have great importance. the niagara falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world. 7. 一家人 + 復數(shù)動詞iii. problems of concord with a coordinate subject1. 用and或bothand連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式。 但是，并列主語如果指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。english and chine

52、se are quite different languages.the writer and translator is my good friend.if law and order is not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.2. 當主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like， in addition to，as much as， no less than， along with， like， rather than， together with， but， besides， including等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞