產(chǎn)科英文名詞解釋

1、精品產(chǎn)科英文名詞解釋1. fetal lie （胎產(chǎn)式） the term lie refers to the relationship between thelong axis of the mother and the long axis of the fetus.2. fetal presentation （胎先露） the presenting part is the portion of thefetus that descend first through the birth canal.3. fetal positon （胎方位） the exact fetal position

2、 is determined by the relationship of some definite part of the fetus （the guiding point ） to a fixed area of the maternal pelvis.4. braxton hicks 收縮 the pregnant uterus produces painless palpable contractions at irregular intervals from an early stage in gestation ,these braxton hicks contractions,

3、however, are not positive signs of pregnancy, since similar contractions are sometimes noted in cases of hematometra and occasionally with soft myomas , especially the pedunculated submucous variety.5. hegar s sign （黑格氏征） on bimanual examination the uterine body feels doughy or elastic and sometimes

4、 becomes exceedingly soft at about the sixth week after the last period.6. abortion （流產(chǎn)） abortion is termination of pregnancy before 28 weeksof gestation and the fetal weight is less than 1000g.7. missed abortion （稽留流產(chǎn)） when the embryo or fetus dies and it is retained in uterus.8. habitual abortion

5、（ 習 慣 性 流 產(chǎn) ） this is defined as 3 or more consecutive abortion. it is also called recurrent abortion.9. placenta previa （前置胎盤） the entire placenta or part of it is implantedin the lower portion of the uterus rather than in the upper activesegment ， and at least a portion of the placenta precedes th

6、e presentingpart of the fetus after 28 week.10. placenta abruption （胎盤早剝） partial or complete detachment of the placenta from a site of normal implantation in the corpus uteri beforedelivery of the fetus and may occur at any time after 20 week s gestation.11. uteroplacental apoplexy （子宮胎盤卒中） hemorrh

7、age infiltrates the uterine wall. uterine tetany follows, the uterus appears purplish,copper-colored, ecchymotic, indurated and loss its contractile powebecause of disruption of the muscle bundles.12. hellp syndrome the major symptoms are hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome

8、.13. threatened labor （ 先兆臨產(chǎn)） （1）lightering; （2）false labor pain; （3）show.14. onset and diagnosis of labor （臨產(chǎn)診斷） the contractions of laboroccur regularly and usually increase until they recur every 5 to 6 minutesand last from 30 to 40 seconds, which cause progressive effacement anddilatation of the

9、 cervix and descent of the presenting part.15. mechanism of normal labor （分娩機制） the mechanism of labor isa term applied to the series of changes in the attitude and position of thefetus that permits it to progress though the irregularly shaped pelvic cavity.16. engagement （ 銜接） the mechanism by whic

10、h the biparietal diameter,the greatest transverse diameter of the head in vertex presentation , passes through the pelvic inlet is designated engagement.17. internarotation （內旋轉） this movement is a turning of the head insuch a manner that the occiput gradually moves from its original position anteri

11、orly toward the , symphysis pubis or ,less commonly , posteriorly toward the hollow of the sacrum.18. oct or cst ( oxytocin chellenge test, or contraction stress test縮宮素激惹試驗) oxytocin challenge test (oct) or contraction stress test (cst). measuring the fhr response to the stress of spontaneous or ox

12、ytocin induced contraction(uc) forms to basis of this test of fetal placental reserve.oct positive:recurrent (at least two) late deceleration of the fhr, i.e, slowing in the heart rate develops at about the middle of the contraction and returning to the baseline after the contraction subsides, in ad

13、dition, the amplitude and the duration of the deceleration must parallel the amplitude and duration of the underlying .negative: at least 3 contractions in 10 minutes, and each lasting at least40 seconds, the fhr are observed without late deceleration, a negativetest within a week of delivery provid

14、ed reliable assurance that the fetuswill survive and probably tolerate labor and delivery well.19. nst ( non-stress test, 無應激試驗) nst is a test for gross evaluation of the uteroplacental and fetal reserve. each determination requires simultaneous monitoring of fhr and fms. reactive : the fad ( fetal

15、activity acceleration determination ) must have a smooth, regular configuration and there must be 3 or more fads per 20 minutes with a duration of greater than 15 seconds and more than 15 bpm amplitude.non-reactive : this classification includes no fetal activity eitherspontaneously or with stimulat

16、ion, and no demonsthable fhr change inresponse to stimulation.20. physiologic retraction ring (生理性縮復環(huán)) as a result of the thining of the lower uterine segment and the thicking of the upper. the boundary between them is marked by a ridge on the inner uterine surface, the ringe is called the physiolog

17、ic retraction ring.21. pathologic retraction ring （病理性縮復環(huán)） a pathologic retraction ring（bundle ring） develops during obstructed but otherwise normal labor. the ring forms at the junction of the active upper and the relatively passive lower uterine segments and actually is the lower border of the unu

18、sually thick upper segment . because descent and expulsion of the fetus are impeded. the lower sement becomes excessively lengthened and thinned and the upper segment shortened and thickened. unless the obstruction is overcome, the uterus may rupture.the ring can be felt and sometimes even seen as a

19、 ridge just below the umbilicus ;it becomes more obvious as labor presses.22. constriction ring （痙攣性狹窄環(huán)） a constriction ring is tetanic annular contraction of smooth muscle that may occur at any level in the uterine wall. the ring does not change position,and it may be applied so tightly around the

20、fetus body that it prevents descent.23. prolonged latent phase（潛伏期延長）the time required to completeeffacement and to enter the active phase is longer than 16 hours.24. . prolonged active phase（活躍期延長）after the cervix dilated to 3cm,labor progresses over slow, the time of active phase lastes over 8 hou

21、rs.the cervical dilatation progresses at a rate less than 1.2cm/hr in primigravida and less than 1.5cm/hr in multipara.25. protracted active phase （活躍期停滯） the cervical dilatation does not change during a 2-hour period.26. prolonged second stage （第二產(chǎn)程延長） when the cervixfully dilatesthe contractions b

22、ecome weak and the intervells prolorg, the span of time is over 2 hours. in nullipara and over 1 hour in maltipara, it is called that the second stage is prolonged.27. . protracted second stage （第二產(chǎn)程停滯） when the cervix fully dilates for one hour, the descending of featl head is arrested and the prog

23、ressof labor stops, it is called that the second stage is arrested.28. prolonged labor （滯產(chǎn)） when the course of labor lasts for more than24 hours it is called prolonyed labor.29. signs of separation of placenta （胎盤剝離征象） （1）the rising up of the uterus as a small firmly contracted mass, to a level above the umbilicus （2）lengthening of the cord （3）a sudden gush of the blood （4）traction upwards of the fundus fails to draw th