(完整word版)語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧-思維導(dǎo)圖

1、語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧近年高考考點(diǎn)總結(jié)：語(yǔ)法填空分“無(wú)提示詞”和“有提示詞”兩種題型。1. 無(wú)提示詞題， 即沒(méi)有提示詞的純空格題一般是 6 個(gè)或 7 個(gè)小題，近年來(lái)，只考查了代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞（連詞）和介詞等四類詞；2. 有提示詞題， 即用括號(hào)中所給詞的正確形式填空，一般是 4 個(gè)或 3 個(gè)小題，至今只考查了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等 四種情況。解題思維導(dǎo)圖根據(jù)設(shè)題規(guī)律，可將語(yǔ)法填空題的基本思路歸納成下表：語(yǔ)法填空解題思路有提示詞無(wú)提示詞名詞形容詞副詞動(dòng)詞冠詞介詞連詞代詞形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換2. 名詞所有格2. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換2.

2、比較級(jí)或最高級(jí), 加前綴變成其反義詞同形容詞時(shí)態(tài)，注意?？紩r(shí)態(tài)作謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)氣，即虛擬語(yǔ)氣1. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換不作謂語(yǔ) 1. to do 表:將來(lái)/目的2. 非謂語(yǔ) 2. v-ing 表:主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行3. v-ed 表:被動(dòng)/完成名詞之前,尤其是泛指”一”,或特指某個(gè)人或事物;泛指用 a/an,特指用 the當(dāng)空格后的名詞在句中不是作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選填介詞； 注意 搭配 常為介詞考查主要內(nèi)容依據(jù)?？崭袂昂蠖际蔷渥樱ㄒ粋€(gè)主謂就為一個(gè)句子）；前后都是并列單詞或短語(yǔ) 1. 單詞/短語(yǔ)+并列連詞+單詞/短語(yǔ)；2. 一個(gè)句子+并列連詞/從屬連詞+一個(gè)句子3. 從屬連詞+一個(gè)句子，一個(gè)句子（主

3、句）；人稱代詞、不定代詞、反身代詞物主代詞：形容詞性物主代詞后必須加名詞 ; 名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，本身就是名詞，后不需再加名詞。指代上文事物形式主語(yǔ)it 的用法形式賓語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1解題技巧 一下列情況很可能填不定冠詞：(1) _+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))；(2) _+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))。下列情況下很可能填定冠詞：(1) _ (+定語(yǔ))+名詞+ of等介詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)；(2) _ (+定語(yǔ))+名詞+定語(yǔ)從句(表示特指)；(3) _ (+定語(yǔ))+名詞+不定式短語(yǔ)或分詞短語(yǔ)(表示特指)。1. there once were a goat and a d onkey. so the farme

4、r killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.2. when i see a child subject to this kind of pressure, i think of donnie. he was _ shy, nervous perfectionist.1. the head of the village was tying up his h orse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away.解題技巧 二(1) 連接兩個(gè)

5、功能對(duì)等的單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)填并列連詞 and, or, but 等。(2) 若兩個(gè)句子(有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間，沒(méi)有句號(hào)或分號(hào)，也沒(méi)有連詞，那空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子 結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，確定是并列句(多要求考生填 and, but, while, when, or 等) 還是某種主從復(fù)合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個(gè)連詞。 1. it was not long _ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and sud

6、denly was surprised at what she saw.2. but nothing changed until midterm, _ mary anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.3. jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.4. one day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.解題

7、技巧 三在無(wú)提示詞 題型當(dāng)中，空格所填詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常填 代詞 ，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定 代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞(不能作主語(yǔ))，it 等。在名詞前作定語(yǔ)就只能用形容詞性物主代 詞了。因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主要由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等充當(dāng)，而名詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等實(shí)詞通常會(huì) 放在有提示詞的空格中考查。1. he asked his teacher, “sir, the water is awful. why did you pretend to like _ ?”2. jane was walking round the department store

8、. she remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable christmas present for her father.3. i wanted to reward the old man for the trouble that i had caused _ .解題技巧 四在有提示詞題型當(dāng)中，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換解題?？衫靡韵抡Z(yǔ)法小則作為判斷依據(jù)：1. 介詞、冠詞、所有格后接名詞；2. 形容詞修飾名詞；3. 副詞修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。1. “thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude).1. as far

9、as i am concerned, my _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a chinese-english within easy reach.3. this proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course.4. _ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, i think it is still a good one w

10、hich brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.2解題技巧 五在有提示詞題型當(dāng)中，通常，有表示范圍的in /of介詞短語(yǔ)或形容詞前有the時(shí)，一般要用最高級(jí)；than的前面一 定要用比較級(jí)。1. one of the _ (bad) gift choices i ever made was for my high school english teacher1. we were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate

11、in words. when it was time to leave, i said “thank you” in korean, using some of the few words i had learned. i felt _ (lonely) than i had expected that night.3. lucille clifton is an award-winning poet and writer. critics call her one of the _ (great) writers of our time. 解題技巧 六規(guī)律性非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題的解題步驟（有提示詞

12、）高考中大部分的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題都屬于規(guī)律性的試題，解答這種類型的題目時(shí)，我們需按照“ 找邏輯主語(yǔ)、判 斷關(guān)系、判斷形式 ”三個(gè)步驟來(lái)解題，即“第一，找非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)；第二，判斷邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系，主動(dòng)？被動(dòng)？還是表示目的或者將來(lái)？ 第三，判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式?！弊⒁猓涸谡Z(yǔ)法填空中，首先要判斷所給提示詞在句中到底是做謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)。判定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的根本 依據(jù)就是“句中已有謂語(yǔ)”，即，句子不缺謂語(yǔ)的情況下，所給提示詞才能考慮用其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的題型：1. _ (see) from the top of the tower, the south f

13、oot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. it rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.2. _ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.解題思路：1. 從句中“is”可判定句中已有謂語(yǔ)了，表明句子不缺謂語(yǔ)，那也就表明所給提示詞“see”在句中應(yīng)該是不作 謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式，即非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；此時(shí)就可以利用三步驟來(lái)分析決定用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)形式了：第一、“s

14、ee” 的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)“the south foot of the mountain”；第二、“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之 間是“被看的”被動(dòng)關(guān)系；第三、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此第1題應(yīng)填“seen”，作方式狀語(yǔ)。 2. 從句中“rained”可判定句子已有謂語(yǔ)了，說(shuō)明所給提示詞“cause”在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，“cause”的邏輯主語(yǔ)就 是句子主語(yǔ)“it”，兩者是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，即“大雨導(dǎo)致洪澇”；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此第2題應(yīng)填“causing”， 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。3. 按照以上分析方法可判定“complete”在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，“

15、complete”和其邏輯主語(yǔ)，即句子主語(yǔ)“the staff”， 是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，但“complete”在此處是表達(dá)目的，動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的或?qū)?lái)，因此第3題應(yīng)填“to complete”。二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)的題型：1. a great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ (repair) first is the library.解題思路：1. 先以“抽主干”

16、的方式來(lái)劃分句子成分，也可用此方法簡(jiǎn)化句子，以便更好地理解：“a great number of students” 的中心詞為“students”，做主語(yǔ)，句子謂語(yǔ)是“said”，“ they were forced to practice the piano”在句中作賓語(yǔ)， 即賓語(yǔ)從句；所給提示詞“question”作動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，意為“問(wèn)（某人）問(wèn)題”，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾“students”， 應(yīng)用其非謂語(yǔ)形式；此時(shí)就可用三步驟來(lái)決定用哪一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式了：第一、“question ”的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是 它所修飾的名詞“students”；第二、兩者之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，翻譯為“被問(wèn)的學(xué)生”；第三、動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表 示被動(dòng)，由此綜合可判定此處應(yīng)填“questioned”。2. 由“but”一連詞可知這是一個(gè)并列句，我們重點(diǎn)看后面的小分句：the one是句子的主語(yǔ)，is the library是系表 結(jié)構(gòu)作謂語(yǔ)，所給提示詞“repair”在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾“the one”，應(yīng)用其非謂語(yǔ)形式。三步驟分析：repair的邏 輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的代詞the one，兩者之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，再者，repair的