初中語(yǔ)法專題(一)—-there-be句型

1、There be句型學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、基本概念：There be句型表示“某地（或某時(shí)）有某人（或某物）。There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).二、結(jié) 構(gòu)： 1. There是引導(dǎo)詞，沒(méi)有詞義；2. be動(dòng)詞為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，名詞為主語(yǔ)；be動(dòng)詞和名詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。3、 用法詳解（考點(diǎn)）1、考點(diǎn)一：主謂一致There is a pen and two rulers in the box. There are two rulers and a pen in the box.注意：主謂一致遵循就近原則的還有：eitheror；

2、neithernor；notbut; not onlybut also等。 e.g. Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。 Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父親該受責(zé)備。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong. 不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了?？?定 句：“There be某人/某物地點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”否 定 句：“There be not/no +某人/某物+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”一般疑問(wèn)句：“Be there +某人/某物+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”?特殊疑問(wèn)句：“疑問(wèn)詞+be there+某人/某物

3、+地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)”?反義疑問(wèn)句：“There be某人/某物地點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，be (not) there?”2、考點(diǎn)二：句型轉(zhuǎn)換1）否定句: 加not/no There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not或no即可。注意：not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.如： There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There i

4、s a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.2）一般疑問(wèn)句: be動(dòng)詞提前 There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可。注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí)，要將其改為any（否定變化也一樣）。如： There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. Are there any fish in

5、 the water? 3）特殊疑問(wèn)句：選擇疑問(wèn)詞v 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候，則用who 引導(dǎo)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物的時(shí)候，則用what 引導(dǎo)。注意：無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式。如：There are many things over there. Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room? v 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)：則用where 引導(dǎo)。如：There is a computer on the desk. Where is the computer? There

6、are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)？ How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)？v 對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)： 如：There are twelve months in a year. How many months are there in a year? There is a cat in the box. How many cats are there in the box? There is some money in my pur

7、se. How much money is there in your purse?4）反義疑問(wèn)句：be (not) there?如：There is a radio on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有一臺(tái)收音機(jī)，是吧? There are more than fifty students in your class, arent there? 你們班有50多名學(xué)生，是吧?3、考點(diǎn)三：時(shí)態(tài)與句型現(xiàn)在時(shí)（there is/are） There must/may / cant be 過(guò)去時(shí)(there was/were) There used to be完成時(shí)(there

8、 have/has been) There happened to be將來(lái)時(shí)(there is/are going to be或there will be) 如：There must be a pen in the box.盒子里一定有只筆。There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There happened to be some money in my pocket. 我口袋里剛好有些錢(qián)。There is going to be /will be a meeting tonight.今晚將會(huì)有一次會(huì)議。There has been a bi

9、g tree on the top of the hill. 山頂上已經(jīng)有棵大樹(shù)了。There used to be a church across from the bank.銀行對(duì)面原來(lái)有間教堂。4、考點(diǎn)四：There be 與 have的區(qū)別1）There be表示“某處/時(shí)存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。如： He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。2）當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義或there be表示所屬時(shí)，二者可互換。如： A week

10、 has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。 There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本書(shū)。5、考點(diǎn)五：主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞形式1）主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞 There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一個(gè)錢(qián)包。2）主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞 There are five minutes left now. 現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。注意：主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞只能使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

11、（to do/doing/done），因?yàn)閠here be句型已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be。6、there be后接不定式時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義如：There is a lot of work to do. 有許多工作要做。注意：當(dāng)該句型主語(yǔ)是something, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，后面的不定式用主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式，意義各不同。There is nothing to do. 沒(méi)有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 沒(méi)有辦法(束手無(wú)策)。7、變體：there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時(shí)可用come , lie, live, stand, remain

12、等代替如： Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 從前有位國(guó)王喜歡新衣服勝過(guò)別的任何東西。 There stands a school at the foot of the hill. 山腳下有一所學(xué)校。 綜合題庫(kù)一單項(xiàng)選擇1.There isnt _water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. many B. lots C. any D. some2.There _a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV

13、 last night. A. was B. had C. is D. were3. There _ many changes in the village recently. A. is B. are C. have been D. to be4. -There _a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? -Just a little, please.A. is B. are C. am D. be5. There _ some books, a ball pen and a ruler on the desk. A. is B. ar

14、e C. have D. has6. There _ a ball pen , a ruler and some books on the desk.A. is B. are C. have D. has7. There is a boy _at the door.A. stand B. standing C. stood D. is standing8. -_is in the house? - There is an old woman in the house.A. What B. Whose C. Who D. Which 9. There _a meeting tonight. A.

15、 is going be B. is going to have C. is going to D. is going to be10. There are always many volunteers in great events, _?Yes. Many hands make light work! A. arent there B. are there C. arent they 11. _ an Art Festival in your school each term? No, but there is an English party. A. Are there B. Is th

16、ere C. Do we have D. Does he have12. There_ not _ milk in the cup on the table.A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much 13. Do you know if _ a meeting next Sunday? A. there was going to have B. there was going to be C. is there going to be D. there will be 14. There _ great changes in such

17、 kind of computers in the last few years. A. is B. are C. will be D. have been15.There _ a film tomorrow evening Awill have Bhave Cis going to be Dhas16. Theres going to _ in tomorrows newspapers. A. have something new B. have new something C. be something new D. be new something17. How many boys _

18、there in Class one? A. be B. is C. are D. am18. There _ a lot of good news in todays newspaper. A. is B. are C. was D. were19. There _ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk. A. is a B. are some C. has a D. have some20. _ any flowers on both sides of the street? AIs there BAre there CHas

19、 DHave21. There _ great changes in our country since 1982. A. have been B. were C. has been D. are22. There is little water in the glass, _? A. isnt there B. isnt it C. is it D. is there23. -There is no air or water on the moon. Is there? - _. A. Yes, there are B. No, there isnt C. Yes, there isnt D

20、. No, there is24. -What did you see in the basket then? -There _ a bottle of orange and some oranges. A. is B. are C. was D. were25. _ is there on the table? A. How many apples B. How much bread C. How much breads D. How many food 26. There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me? A

21、. any B. some C. a D. an27. How many _ are there in your classroom? A. desks B. desk C. chair D. door28. There _ something wrong with our classroom. A. are B. has C. is D. have29. There is some _ on the table. A. apple B. orange C. cake D. sandwich30There _ a football game in our school Ahas Bwill h

22、ave Cwill be D. was31There is _ food hereWell have to buy some Aany Bsome Cno D. has32. -Again, my computer doesnt work. - must be something wrong with the CPU A. There B. That C. It D. This33. There some milk ,some eggs and a few apples on the table. A. is B. are C. has D. have34.There anything new in todays newspaper . A .is B. are C. isnt D. a