牛津譯林版8b語法詳解之被動語態(tài)

1、【語法詳解】被動語態(tài)英語中的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者， 被動語 態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。如：They built a new bridge over the river. （ 主動 ） A newbridge was built over the river by them. （ 被動） Many people speak English. （ 主動） English is spoken by many people. （被動） 漢語中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用 “助動詞 be及物動詞

2、的過去分詞構(gòu)成”，即“be p.p. ”，其中助動詞 be 有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。 被動語態(tài)的基本用法當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時， 謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。 當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者 時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞 be過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過動詞 be 表現(xiàn)出來。 什么時候使用被動語態(tài)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Some windows were broken last night. This book was published （ 出版） in 2005. 注意：第句 This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物動詞短語，不能用于

3、被動語態(tài)。 只強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. Rice was first grown in China. English is learned all over the world.注意：不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態(tài)，如：appear, happen, take place等。被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)動作的承受者 be過去分詞其他 by動作的執(zhí)行者。 簡寫為“承受者 be過去分詞其他 by動作的執(zhí)行者”。 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟： 確定主動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，它決定著被動語態(tài)中的助動詞be。

4、 找出主動語態(tài)的主、謂、賓。 按照上述句式改寫：承受者+be+過去分詞 +其他 by執(zhí)行者常用的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/arep.p.含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/ be p.p.一般過去時was/were p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been + p.p.一般將來時will/shall be p.p. am/is/are going to be p.p.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being + p.p.主動改為被動語態(tài)的例子：主動語態(tài)基本結(jié)構(gòu)為主、謂、賓。His brother washes dishes every day. Dishes are

5、 washed every day by his brother. 主（執(zhí)行者 ） 謂賓（承受者 ） 其他Peter will clean the room tomorrow.The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.He must look after the little boy.littleT bhoey must be looked after by him.The students are watching a charity show.A charity show is being watched by the students.特殊情況

6、的被動語態(tài)簡單句五種基本形式中的其中兩種變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時十分重要： 主謂雙賓：這類短語含有介詞to 或 for 。如： give, send, show, buy, make give sb sth give sth to sb， buy sb sthbuy sth for sb主動語態(tài)： Amy gave me some nice stickers. Amy gave some nice stickers to me.被動語態(tài)： I was given some nice stickers by Amy. 或 Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy

7、.主動： A fairy gave the princess a magic wand. A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura. 被動：The princess was given a magic wand by a fairy. 或 A magic wand was given to the princess. 總結(jié)含有雙賓語的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的規(guī)則：可以把任何一個賓語作為被動語態(tài)的主 語；如果把直接賓語 （即物體 ）作為主語，動詞和直接賓語之間要添加相應(yīng)的介詞to 或 for 。主動語態(tài)中無論使用 give sb sth 還是 give

8、 sth to sb ，一律按照上述句子改寫，即： give sb sth 或 give sth to sb sb be give或n sstth be given to sb，這類含有介詞 to 或 for 的短語見下表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)send sb sth 或 send sth to sbsb be sent sth或 sth be sent to sbshow sb sth 或 show sth to sbsb be shown sth或 sth be shown to sbbuy sb sth 或 buy sth for sbsb be bought sth 或 sth be boug

9、ht for sbmake sb sth 或 make sth for sbsb be made sth 或 sth be made for sb主謂賓省略 to 的不定式 （ 即賓補(bǔ) ）：使役動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，原來省略的to 一定要加上。常見短語 make sb do sth sb be made to do sth主 （ 動語態(tài)不含 to，被動語態(tài)必須帶 to。下同 ） hear sb do sth sb bheard to do sth see sb do sth sb be seen to do sth have sb do sth sb be had to do sth 注意特殊例

10、子： let sb do sthsb be let do s主th動 （ 語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)都不含 to。 ）e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. The workers were made to work 12 hours aday.主動形式表示被動意義：有些不及物動詞（其主語大都指物 ）的主動語態(tài)可以表示被動意義。某些連系動詞。這些動詞有 feel, taste, smell, sound, prove 等。The coffee smells delicious. The story proved quite false. 某些可與 wel

11、l, easily, quickly 等副詞連用的不及物動詞。This kind of bikes sells well. This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 某些可用于 “主謂主補(bǔ) ”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不及物動詞。 e.g. The bag broke open. 動名詞在 be worth doing 句型中的主動形式表示被動含義。 His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. These stamps are worth collecting. 動名詞在 need,

12、want, require 等動詞后，主動形式表示被動含義。 need doing need to be doneThe problem requires dealing with immediately. Her bike needed repairing. 動詞不定式的主動形式在 too to 句型中表示被動含義。 The box is too heavy to carry. 有些形容詞后的動詞不定式有被動含義。這些形容詞有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good,pleasant, important, useful, dangerous 等。Bad habi

13、ts are easy to contract. English is difficult to learn. 被動語態(tài)試題1. The sick boyto hospital by the police yesterday.A is taken B was takenC takes D took2. Waste paper shouldnteverywhere. It s our duty to keep our city clean.A be thrown B throwC is thrown D are thrownthis job?3. Do you have any problems

14、 if you-Well, I m thinking about the working dayA offerB will offeredC are offered D willbe offered5. It is reported that more new teaching buildingsin our school in the next termA will be built B was built C has built D will build6. The new library buildinglast week.A was completedB is completed C

15、completed D has completed7. David, turn off the TVno one is watching it.-But itoff already! The music is from the radio.A so that; has been turnedB when; has turnedC if; has been turned D because; has turned8. Nicka job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn t take it.A is offered B offered C was o

16、ffered D has offered9. Do you often plant trees in spring?-Yes, many treesin our school every year.A plant B are planting C are planted10. Its difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.-I think a bridgeover the river.A was builtB is being built C has been built D should be bui

17、lt11. Ito get there before seven tomorrow, so I ll have to get up early.A told B have toldC will tellD was told12. A large number of engineersto Africa by our government to help the people thereevery year.A have sent B will send C 13. Its common knowledge that black teaA is inventedB was inventedare

18、 sentin China more than 600 years ago.C invents D invented14.Who is the little baby in the photo, Susan? -It s me. This photo ten years ago. A takes B is takenC took15. It is reported that the Underground Line No.3 A will buildB has builtC will be builtD was taken in our city in 2010.D has been buil

19、t16. Do you plant trees in spring? Yes. Many treesin our city every year.A are planting Bare plantedC were planted17. When you leave the room, make sure the door.A was locked B is locked C will be locked D should be locked18. What should we do first if we want to develop our village? A lot of new ro

20、ads think.A must be built B have to build C must build D have built19. Do you believe there are aliens? I m afraid not. I don t think aliensin space.A can find B can be found C can be founded D cant be found20. I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. Thats great. Chinese teachersinChina and s

21、ome foreign countries.A need B are needingC are needed21. Don t worry. Youplenty of time to decide.A will giveB have given C will be given22. As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese country.A teaches B is taught C has taughtD will needD are givingin more and more schools out of ourD was taught

22、A is startedB was startedC has started23. Our environment is getting worse than before. You re right. But thanks to Earth Day, people have done more and more useful things to protect the earth since Earth Day24. The young man was often seenby the lake.A to drawB to drawingC draw D drew25. Ba Jin, on

23、e of the greatest writers in China,as “Peoples Writer ”A is regardedB has regarded C is regarding D regards26. After the hero s storyon CCTV, many people are learning from him.A reports B reported C was reporting D was reported27. Where did you go last night? Ito go to Li Lei s birthday party.A aske

24、d B am askedC have been asked D was asked28. I want to be a doctor. Doctorsin every part of the world, I think.A need B are needed C are needing D will need29. The village is building a school. I hope itbefore August this year.A finishesB will finishC is finishedD will be finished30. I wasthat our c

25、lass meeting about “Eight Dos and Don ts would be held soon.A talked B spokenC told D said31. This year hasWorld Year of PhysicsAlbert Einstein, the father ofmodern physics.B made ; to rememberD been made; to rememberto work for the 21st UNIVERSIDE.A made; rememberC been made; remember32. You should

26、 tell Tom that he -I think so, I will tell him on his birthday.A chooses B has chosen C chose D is chosen二、將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，每空一詞：1. We can finish the work in two days.The work in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song.An English song by the children.4. You neednt do it now.It by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card me by her last week.6. Peole use metal for making machines.Metal for making machines.7. He made me do that for him.I that for him.8.I have