2019動詞不定式用法.doc

1、動詞不定式用法真題再現(xiàn)1.Afterreceivingthe Oscar forBest Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went onall thepeople who had helped in her career.A. to thankB. thankingC. having thankedD. to have thanked2.Sometimes I act as listening ear for fellow students _ what is bothering themA. to talk overB. talked overC. tal

2、k overD. having talked over3._ moreabout Chinese culture,Jack has decided to take Chinese folkmusic as anelective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning4._the early flight ， we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A. CatchingB. CaughtC. To catchD. Catch5.This machine is ver

3、y easy. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operatingB. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate6.Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found7.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater

4、challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet8.Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _away.A. to stayB. stayingC. stayedD. stay9.George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD. told10. No matter how bright a talker you are, there

5、are times when its bettersilent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remainedD. to remain11. I rememberedthe door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. to have locked答案與解析：1. A。句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角后， Anne Benedict 繼續(xù)感謝所有幫助她演義生涯的人。go on to do 繼續(xù)做不同的

6、事情。2. A。talk over 討論，根據(jù)分析， 可知 act as a listening ear for fellow student to do sth 中的 to dosth 是作 student 的賓語補足語。 句意：有時我充當一個傾聽者來傾聽我的同學(xué)們討論他們的煩心事。3. C。這里是動詞不定式形式作目的狀語。該句意思為：為了更多了解到中國文化，杰克決定選擇中國傳統(tǒng)音樂作為選修課。4. C。從選項及句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)句意：提前預(yù)定出租車和早起的目的是 “為了趕上早的航班 ”，用不定式表目的。5. D。在句型 “主語 +be+ adj . + to do 中”，

7、如果這個主語是動詞 do 的邏輯賓語， 故用主動表被動，所以選 D 。6. B 。句意為：湯姆打車趕到機場，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機已經(jīng)飛入高空了。此處only后接不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果。7. D。所填詞與前文構(gòu)成固定句型have no choice but to do sth.，故選 D 。第 1頁8.Bird s singing is sometimes a warning _away toA 。此題調(diào)整句子的順序會更好理解：other birds.不定式 to stay away 作定語修飾warning ，后面那個 to 是 “對來說 ”的意思。9. A。此處 only to do/b

8、e done 表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語則表示自然的結(jié)果。這里 George和 tell 之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用 to be told。句意：喬治戰(zhàn)爭后回到家，結(jié)果被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開了。10. D 。it 做形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式：to remain silent.可歸結(jié)為句型：it is +形容詞 /名詞 +to do/that 。當然 it 也可以作形式賓語，如find/feel it +to do/that.11. B。Remember 后面既可以接不定式， 也可以接動名詞， 如果選擇 A ，這與后面的 before Ileft the office 是相矛盾的，

9、只能選擇答案B。 C 和 D 都是完成時，他們表示比主句動詞發(fā)生的時間更早，沒有必要。知識講解不定式的構(gòu)成及變形：動詞不定式是由不定式符號to+ 動詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to 也可省略。1. 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式表示的動作通常與謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。He appears to be very happy.（同時發(fā)生）To catch the train, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. （ to catch the train 發(fā)生在 hurry to thestation 之后）2. 不定式的進行式不定式的

10、進行式表示正在進行的或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。It happened to be raining when I got there.3. 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發(fā)生。Im sorry to have lost your key.4. 不定式的完成進行式不定式的完成進行式表示的動作在謂語之前發(fā)生并且一直進行著。He was said to have been living in London for twenty years.不定式的時態(tài)意義：He is said to be studying abroad. （不定式的進行式表示動作正在進行）He is s

11、aid to have studied abroad.（不定式的完成式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）5 不定式的被動形式當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式根據(jù)其與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，有一般式和完成時兩種。一般式to be doneThese are the books to be given out to the students.完成式to have been doneThe novel is said to have been translated into many languages.6. 不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式由not 或

12、 never 加不定式構(gòu)成。We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天氣不好，我們決定不出去。第 2頁注意：謂語動詞的否定和不定式的否定不同的意義I did not promise to wake him up.我沒有答應(yīng)叫醒他。I promised not to wake him up.我答應(yīng)了不叫醒他。不定式句法功能不定式可以作句子的主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。作主語To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主語時，為了

13、保持句子的平衡，往往以it 作形式主語，而不定式置于謂語動詞后。It s nice to hear from uyo.It s not easy to be a good teacher.作賓語通常用于 afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer,

14、plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish 等動詞后面。I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.記憶口訣：三個希望兩答應(yīng)（hope， wish ，want， agree， promise）一個要求莫拒絕（demand， refuse）設(shè)法學(xué)會做決定（manage，decide）不要假裝在選擇（pretend， choose）作表語My job is to pick up

15、letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.作定語在 the first, the second, the third, the last 等之后通常接不定式作定語。作定語時須放在被修飾的名詞之后：He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.主動形式表被動含義：I have a book to read.It is easy to read.Have you anything to send?比較： Have you anything to b

16、e sent?She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.第 3頁作賓補通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid,force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, request, require, teach, tell,trai

17、n, urge, want, warn 等詞后。He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his motherorder. s作狀語不定式作狀語時通常表示目的，不定式用作目的狀語有兩個可能的位置，一是在句首， 二是在句末。一般說來，用于句首屬于強調(diào)性用法，即強調(diào)動詞的目的。也可用于“beadj. to do ”結(jié)構(gòu)中作原因狀語。He got up early to catch the first bus.To finish the task on time, we have to work hard.I m happy to h

18、ear the news.I m surprised to see himhere.only to. 往往表示 “意想不到 ”的結(jié)果； never to.可以接后續(xù)的結(jié)果。so.as to., such. as to.,enough to., only to. 以及 too.to. 等結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式也表結(jié)果：Her father disappeared, never to be heard again.I went to the bank only to find it was closed.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1.作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語，帶有很強的目的性，有時可以把(in or

19、der) to do 置于句首。而現(xiàn)在分詞作目的狀語時，目的和伴隨兼而有之。多放于句末，與主句用逗號隔開。(In order) to ensure success, we must make a complete and through plan.You should keep it a secret, trying to protect the plan.2.作結(jié)果狀語。不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意外的結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示自然的結(jié)果。He returned home many years later, only to find that everything had changed.( 意外的

20、結(jié)果 )It rained heavily last night, causing the river to rise.(自然的結(jié)果 )作獨立成分to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story short To tell you the truth, I told a lie.To begin/start with, let s sing a song.To make a long story short, he succeeded in passing the ex

21、am.不定式特殊用法用 it 作形式主語動詞不定式作主語時，如果主語太長，通常用it 作形式主語，將真正的主語 動詞不定式后置。For us to learn English well is necessary. It is necessary for us to learn English well.動詞不定式作主語時，如果將句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧洌瑧?yīng)使用it 作形式主語。To walk to the station takes twenty minutes.第 4頁 Does it take twenty minutes to walk to the station?用 it 作形式賓語某些不能修

22、飾人的形容詞作賓語補足語時，不能用表示人的詞作賓語，應(yīng)用it 作形式賓語，再用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作真正的賓語；這類形容詞常用的有necessary, easy, hard,common, possible 及 impossible 等。父親的猝死，使得他必須輟學(xué)。誤： His fathers sudden death made him necessary to leave school.正： His fathers sudden death made it necessary for him to leave school.動詞不定式作定語時是否要介詞動詞不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)

23、系時，如果動詞不定式的動詞及不及物動詞，或者該動詞不定式本身有賓語，其后面應(yīng)加上與之用法相應(yīng)的介詞。We are looking for a room to live in.但被修飾的名詞為place, time, way 等時，則往往省略介詞。That s a nice place to work（in ）.不定式主動式和被動式作定語區(qū)別動詞不定式作定語時，如果其表示的動作為句子的主語發(fā)出時，該動詞不定式一般用主動式；如果動詞不定式表示的動作不是句子的主語發(fā)出的，該動詞不定式應(yīng)用被動式。例如：I am going to the shop because I have something to

24、 buy. （ “ buy這”個動作是句子的主語 “ I發(fā)”出的，故用主動式 to buy）I am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought?（ “ buy這”個動作不是句子的主語“ you發(fā)”出的，故用被動式to be bought）“ too.to.結(jié)構(gòu) ”“ too 形+容詞或副詞+ to do 中”的動詞不定式表示結(jié)果，含有否定的意義，意思是“太以致不能 ”。The problem was too complicated for us to solve.但下列結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定含義。當 too 前或 to 前有否定詞構(gòu)成雙重否

25、定時：English is not too difficult to learn.（英語并不太難學(xué)。）He is too wise not to see that. （他很聰明 ,不會不懂這一點。）當 too 后是 glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, easy,near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容詞或副詞時；與這些詞連用時，too 前還常加上only, all, but, just, sim

26、ply等副詞，意思不變，因為這些詞加上too 后與 very 同義。They are too anxious to leave. （他們急于離開。）He is too ready to help others.（他總是樂于助人。）Im only too glad to see you.（見到你非常高興）They are but too pleased to hear the news.（他們聽到這個消息，非常高興。）與 cannot 連用：You cannot be too careful (=You can never be careful enough) to do your homewo

27、rk.第 5頁你做作業(yè)越仔細越好(=無論怎樣仔細也不過分).不定式在句中作定語或真正的主語時：There are too many problems to be solved. （有很多問題有待解決。）in order to 與 so as to動詞不定式作目的狀語位于句首時，前面可加in order，但不能加so as；動詞不定式位于句末，則加in order 或 so as均可。In order to make money, they did anything.They set out early in order to/ so as to get to the village befor

28、e 9.“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問詞，包括疑問代詞who， what， which 和疑問副詞how，when，where 等。這些疑問詞和不定式一起構(gòu)成了不定式短語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等。How to do it is a question.（作主語）I really dont know what to write about.（作動詞賓語）We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.（作介詞賓語）The question is where to put it.（作表語）I asked him ho

29、w to learn English.（作賓語補足語）不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式可以與其邏輯主語一起構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式： “ for+名詞 / 人稱代詞賓格 +帶 to的不定式 ”。其中的名詞或人稱代詞賓格與不定式構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。It is important for us to learn English well.但當表語表示不定式的邏輯主語的特征屬性時要用of，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly,stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, carelessIt is very kind

30、of you to help me. = you are kind to help me.不定式符號to 省略watch, see, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, make, let, have后接不定式做賓補時，省略 to；但 get sb to do中的 to 不能省略。注意：主動省to 的這些句子，變成被動形式時必須加to。I saw him play basketball.I noticed him come in.They made me repeat the story.I was made to repeat t

31、he story.當介詞 but, except, besides之前有一個實義動詞do (助動詞 do 及其變化形式除外)時，后面的動詞不定式不帶 to。此外，在 can not but/except, can not choose but/except, can not help but/except 這三個固定用法中， but/except 之后的不定式也不帶 to。The enemy could not choose but surrender.I could do nothing except agree to his terms.Can you do nothing but sell the wedding ring?第 6頁介詞instead of 前后的兩個成分要相等。如果前面的成分是不定式，則后面的不定式不帶to。He went to play football instead of see a film.would (had) as soon, had better, had best (不常用 ) 等之后，不定式省略to。You had better not smoke.I d just as soon come tomorrow.某些慣用法中， than 之后的不定式不帶 to, 如 do nothing else than, do more (les