中考陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句和祈使句

1、陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句和祈使句中考主要考查疑問句的疑問詞/組、祈使句、感嘆句及反義疑問句的回答和它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換以及應用。其中對疑問詞的選擇、感嘆句的運用及反義疑問句的考查是重點。一、 陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法,有肯定和否定兩種形式,句末通常用句號,讀降調(diào)。(一)陳述句的肯定式結構:主語+謂語+其他。如:That boy always helps others. 那個男孩經(jīng)常幫助別人。I went to the cinema with my friend yesterday.昨天我和朋友去電影院了。(二)陳述句的否定式1. be的否定式(1)be用作系動詞時,結構為:主語+be+

2、not+表語+其他。如:Tom was not at home yesterday. 昨天湯姆不在家。(2)be用作助動詞,用于be doing/be going to do/be done等時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)中,結構為:主語+ be+ not+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞+其他。如:Mother is not cooking. 媽媽沒在做飯。The sweater isnt made of wool. 這件毛衣不是羊毛做的。2. 助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的否定式The girl doesnt do housework at home.這個女孩在家不做家務。Man cant live without wate

3、r. 沒有水人類不能生存。3. 除not外,其他否定詞也可以構成否定句(1)用no表示,no=not any/a。如:He has no child.=He doesnt have any children.他沒有孩子。(2)never絕不,從來不。如:I have never seen such a strange man.我從沒見過這樣奇怪的人。(3)little, few幾乎沒有。如:There are few students in the crowd.人群里幾乎沒有學生。(4)no one/nobody 沒有人。如:No one/Nobody is interested in the

4、 book.沒有人對這本書感興趣。(5)nothing 什么也沒有。如:There is nothing left in the backpack.背包里沒剩什么東西了。(6)neither of. 沒有什么人(常用于兩者都不);none of. 沒有任何人,什么都沒有(用于三者及以上都不)。如:Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.他們兩個都沒有去過北京。(7)seldom 很少,hardly 幾乎不。如:I seldom get a cold. 我很少感冒。I can hardly say a word. 我?guī)缀醪荒苷f一句話。(8) too.to

5、. 太以至于不能。如:We set off too late to catch the train.我們出發(fā)太遲沒趕上火車。例如：Ben has finished the project on reusing natural resources.(改成否定句)Ben the project on reusing natural resources. 【解析】本題考查否定句的用法。原句是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)肯定句,改為否定句時,在助動詞之后加not。【答案】 has not/hasnt finished二、 感嘆句感嘆句是用來表達人的特殊情感的句子,可以表達人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句可以是一個

6、單詞、一個不定式、一個由短語構成的獨立句,也可以是由what或how引導的句子,句末常用“!”。(一)what引導的感嘆句1. What + a(an)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+主語+謂語!What a beautiful flower it is!這是一朵多么美麗的花呀!2. What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式+主語+謂語!如:What cute dogs they are!多么可愛的小狗呀!3. What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如:What sweet water it is!多甜的水呀!例如：Do you know the book One Hundred Years o

7、f Solitude(百年孤獨) has been printed again?It is expected to be. unusual novel it is! A. WhatB. What a C. HowD. What an【解析】本題考查感嘆句的用法。句意為:你知道百年孤獨這本書又一次出版印刷了嗎?眾望所歸。一本多么不同尋常的小說啊!感嘆句有以下三種常用句型:What a/an + adj.+名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語動詞!;What + adj.+名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞!;How+副詞或形容詞+主語+謂語動詞!。本句的感嘆中心詞novel,是可數(shù)名詞,且unusual的第一個音素是元音音素

8、,故用what an。【答案】 D(二)how引導的感嘆句1. How+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語!如:How frightening the story is!多么恐怖的故事呀!2. How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+主語+謂語!如:How interesting a topic they are talking about!他們探討的話題多么有意思呀!3. How+主語+謂語!如:How time flies! 時間過得真快呀!例如：Our school is beautiful.(改為感嘆句) our school is! 【解析】本題考查感嘆句的用法。感嘆句句型為:What(

9、a/an)+形容詞+名詞+(主謂)!;How+形容詞/副詞+(主謂)!。因為陳述句的表語是形容詞,感嘆句應該用how來引導。【答案】 How beautiful(三)一些特殊形式1. 在陳述句、祈使句或疑問句句尾加感嘆號變成感嘆句,表示某種強烈的感情。如:He speaks English so fluently!他英語說得可真流利呀!Do read it carefully!一定要仔細閱讀!2. 用一個詞或詞組表示強烈感情的句子也是感嘆句。如:Wonderful!好極了!Look out!小心!Great!太棒了!Watch your feet. 當心腳下。3. 以there, here等副

10、詞開頭的感嘆句。如:There she is!她在那兒!Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。(四)如何判斷用what還是用how來引導感嘆句方法一:凡是有a, an開頭的多用what。方法二:凡是形容詞直接加名詞的,多用what。方法三:其他一般用how。案例(2015廣東38 )Do you know Wang Feng?He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes.Yes. man he is! A. What a smartB. How smart C. What a stupid D. How stupid【解

11、析】本題考查感嘆句的用法。因為這里的man是個名詞,所以前面的引導詞用what來引導。又根據(jù)句意:王峰五分鐘內(nèi)記住了100組數(shù)目。所以說“他是多么聰明的人啊!”【答案】 A三、 疑問句用以提問的句子叫疑問句,句末用問號。疑問句分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反義疑問句。(一)一般疑問句一般疑問句表示詢問事物或某種情況是否屬實,需要對方給予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答,讀時用升調(diào),它的基本結構為:be+主語+其他(?);助動詞(或情態(tài)動詞)+主語+謂語(動詞原形)+其他(?)。使用一般疑問句時應特別注意問句與答句在人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)上的一致。對一般疑問句作肯定回答時,通常是:Yes,主語

12、+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞;作否定回答時,通常是:No,主語+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+not, not一般要與前面的詞語構成縮略形式。如:Are you a teacher?你是教師嗎?Yes, I am. 是的,我是。No, Im not. 不,我不是。Do you like travelling? 你喜歡旅游嗎?Yes, I do. 是的,我喜歡。No, I dont. 不,我不喜歡。注意:一般疑問句通常是怎么問,怎么答,即用什么詞提問,就用什么詞回答,但有下列情況時例外。1. 用其他詞語代替yes或no來回答,從而使語氣變得客氣、委婉。如:Can you come and play che

13、ss with me?你能來同我下盤棋嗎?Im afraid not. I am busy right now.恐怕不行,我現(xiàn)在很忙。例如：Have you ever seen the TV show Where Are We Going,DAD?. I think its quite moving and funny. A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Yes, he hasD. No, she hasnt【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)一般疑問句肯定回答。疑問句是詢問對方是否看過電視秀爸爸去哪兒,根據(jù)應答句后面一句判斷,該句應該作肯定回答?！敬鸢浮?A2. 否

14、定疑問句通常是以be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞與not的縮略形式開頭,往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、懷疑等語氣。如:Dont you know him?(表示驚訝)你沒有聽說過嗎?Yes, I do. 不,我認識。No, I dont. 是的,我不認識。對否定的一般疑問句作簡略回答時也用yes或no,但其漢語翻譯與其原意正好相反。(二)特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞引導的疑問句叫特殊疑問句?；卮饡r不能使用yes或no,讀降調(diào)。疑問詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組。疑問代詞常見的有:what(對“物”提問),who(對“人”提問),which(哪一個),whose(誰的),whom(賓格“誰”)。如:Who is

15、your teacher?誰是你的老師?Miss. Gao. 高小姐。What does your father do?你爸爸做什么工作?He is a lawyer. 他是一名律師。例如：They went to Yunnan last summer.(對畫線部分提問) they go to Yunnan? 【解析】本題考查特殊疑問句的用法。畫線部分是表示過去時間的狀語,應該用疑問副詞來提問;謂語部分用一般過去時態(tài)。【答案】 When; did疑問副詞常見的有:when(何時),where(何地),why(為什么)和how(怎么樣)等。如:How did you come here?你是怎么

16、來到這兒的?By plane. 乘飛機。Where are you from?你來自哪里?Im from Jiangsu. 我來自江蘇。疑問詞組常見的有:how soon, how long, how far, how often.how soon多久;how long多長時間;how far多遠;how often多久一次How soon will the party begin?再過多久派對就開始了?In twenty minutes. 再過二十分鐘。How long have you been abroad?你在國外多長時間了?For five years. 五年了。How often

17、do you have a trip?你多久旅行一次?Once a year. 一年一次。How far do you live from the town?你住的離城鎮(zhèn)有多遠?About ten minutes drive. 駕車大約十分鐘。例如：Amy will study in an international language school for several weeks.(對畫線部分提問) will Amy study in an international language school? 【解析】本題考查疑問詞組的用法。畫線部分是一段連續(xù)時間,應該用“how long ”來提

18、問?！敬鸢浮?How long不同類型特殊疑問句同義句表達常見的有:1. 詢問問職業(yè)Whats your father?/Whats your fathers job?/What does your father do?你爸爸是干什么工作的?Hes an office worker.他是個職員/上班族。2. 詢問星期/日期What day is it today?/What day of the week is it today?今天星期幾?Its Friday.星期五Whats the date today?/What day is it today?今天幾號?Its October 25.

19、 10月25號。3. 詢問時間Whats the time now?/What time is it now?現(xiàn)在幾點啦?Its nine oclock now. 現(xiàn)在九點整。4. 詢問天氣情況Whats the weather like today?/How is the weather today?今天天氣怎么樣? Its cloudy and windy. 多云、有風。5. 詢問在哪一個班級What class are you in?/Which class are you in?你在哪一個班級?Im in Class One, Grade Eight. 我在八年級一班。6. 詢問某物怎

20、么/如何稱呼/怎么說Whats this in English?/Whats this called in English?這在英語中怎么稱呼?Its a hen. 是只母雞。7. 詢問價格/錢是多少What is the prize of this shirt?/What price for this shirt is?/Whats this shirt worth? What does this shirt cost?/How much is this shirt worth)?這件襯衫多少錢?Its fifty yuan.五十元。8. 詢問問對方對某人/事的觀點或看法What do yo

21、u think of this film?/How do you like this film?你覺得這部電影怎么樣?It was wonderful. 很精彩。9. 詢問多大年紀/齡Whats your age?/How old are you?你多大啦?Im sixteen years old. 我十六歲。10. 詢問問某人得了什么病Whats wrong with you?/Whats the matter/trouble with you?你怎么啦?Ive got a headache.我頭疼。11. 詢問人口數(shù)量是多少How many people are there in our

22、country?/Whats the population of our country? 我們國家有多少人口?12. 詢問怎么樣What about going out for a walk?/How about going out for a walk?出去散散步怎么樣?Its a good idea. 好主意。特殊疑問句考查熱點1. 考查特殊疑問句謂語部分的構成。特殊疑問句中的時態(tài)不同,謂語動詞和所用的助動詞也不同。你昨天花了多長時間做作業(yè)?How long it you to do your homework yesterday? 【解析】本題考查疑問句謂語部分。因為疑問句中的yest

23、erday是一般過去時態(tài)的時間狀語,所以助動詞要用did;又因為句子用it作形式主語,動詞花費要用take?！敬鸢浮?did, take2. 考查特殊疑問句中的疑問詞/組運用。常見的疑問詞/組有:what, who, whose, which, where, when, why, what time, what color, what/which class,how old/how many/how much/how long/how often/how soon/how far。多久以后印度的人口將超過中國的人口?will the population of India be larger

24、of China? 【解析】本題考查疑問詞組和動詞的用法。因為疑問部分是詢問“多久”,應該用How soon;又因為從句是比較級結構,為了避免重復,人口the population要用代詞that來代替?！敬鸢浮?How soon, than, that3. 考查特殊疑問句的應答句。對特殊疑問句作出相應的回答是英語交際應答中的基本要求,應該根據(jù)實際情況作出回答。How soon shall we start the bicycle trip?. A. In three days B. After three daysC. In three days time D. After three da

25、ys time 【解析】本題考查交際應答。因為疑問句是詢問動作將要持續(xù)多長時間,即多久以后發(fā)生,after表示過去某一段時間以后,所以排除B、D兩項。A項是干擾題,因為名詞所有格后面沒有加名詞,所以也排除。【答案】 C4. 考查根據(jù)應答句來選擇特殊疑問句。根據(jù)應答句來選擇疑問句是考查同學們對特殊疑問句的理解和應用情況。可以運用還原法,即對應答句中某一部分提問來確定所選擇的句子。Your skirt is really beautiful. ? Silk.A. Where did you buy it B. How much is itC. What size is itD. Whats it

26、made of 【解析】本題考查特殊疑問句的用法。根據(jù)疑問句之前的提示語“你的裙子真好看”和應答語“絲綢”判斷,疑問句是詢問“裙子是什么做成的”,所以排除A、B、C三項?！敬鸢浮?D5. 考查句型轉(zhuǎn)換。特殊疑問句的句型轉(zhuǎn)換通常有兩種形式。A.就畫線部分提問。B.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。(1)Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.(就畫線部分提問) Lucy ask him to do? 【解析】本題考查特殊疑問句的用法。畫線部分是賓語補足語,提問時要問“做什么”,疑問詞用what;又因為謂語部分是一般過去時態(tài),助動詞用did。【答案】 What did(2)Whats

27、 your favorite subject? ?(同義句) 【解析】本題考查特疑問句的同義句表達。疑問句中的形容詞favorite意為“最喜愛的”,其同義句可以用What/which subject like best結構來表示?！敬鸢浮?What/which subject do you like best(三)選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況供對方選擇,這樣疑問句叫選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,回答時不能使用yes或no,而要用一個完整的句子或其省略形式。語調(diào)一般是前升后降。選擇疑問句可以分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句兩種。1. 一般選擇疑問句:一般疑問

28、句+or+被選擇部分?如:Do you like apples or pears?你喜歡蘋果還是梨?I like pears. 我喜歡梨。2. 特殊選擇疑問句:特殊疑問句+A or B?如:Which would you like better, swimming or fishing?你比較喜歡哪個,游泳還是釣魚?I like fishing. 我喜歡釣魚。(四)反義疑問句/附加疑問句反義疑問句又叫附加疑問句,是附在陳述句之后,對陳述句所說的事實或觀點提出相反的疑問。附加問句部分要與前面的陳述句用逗號隔開,句末用問號。如果陳述部分是肯定結構,附加部分就用否定結構,反之亦然。此問句可用yes或

29、no來回答。附加部分的主語須用代詞,并與前句主語一致,謂語動詞在人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)上也要與前句一致。1. 含有系動詞be的附加疑問句。如:Im very happy, arent I?/am I right?我很開心,是嗎?Im very dirty, arent I/am I right?我很臟,是嗎?2. 含有情態(tài)動詞had better, have to, ought to的附加疑問句。如:Youd better come tomorrow, hadnt you?你最好明天來,是嗎?We had to wait a long time to get our passport, didnt w

30、e?為了得到護照,我們必須等好長時間嗎?She ought to go by plane, oughtnt/shouldnt she?她應該乘飛機去,是不是?3. 含有否定詞的附加疑問句。如:He never exercises in the morning, does he?他早上從不鍛煉,是嗎?She is seldom late for school, is she?(=She is not often late for school, is she?) 她上學很少遲到,是嗎?4. 主語是復合不定代詞(指人)的附加疑問句。如:Everyone is having a good time,

31、 isnt he?/arent they?每個人都玩得很高興,是嗎?Nobody wants to go there, does he?沒有人想到那里去,是嗎?5. 主語是復合不定代詞(指物)的附加疑問句。如:Nothing can stop us, can it?沒有人能阻止我們,是嗎?Everything is ready, isnt it?一切都準備好了,是嗎?6. 主從復合句的附加疑問句。如:You think you are right, dont you?你認為你是對的,是嗎?He thinks he is going to become a singer, doesnt he?他

32、想他要成為一名歌手,是嗎?I suppose hes serious, isnt he?我猜想他是嚴肅的,是嗎?附加疑問句應該與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致;如果主句是否定結構的話,還要注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。如:I dont think he is serous, is he?我認為他并不嚴肅,是嗎?7. 祈使句和there be結構的附加疑問句。祈使句的附加疑問句通常用兩種情況。(1)Lets, Let us/me的附加疑問句。如:Lets go home, shall you?咱們回家吧,好嗎?Let me have a look, will you?讓我看一看,好嗎?Let us have a

33、look at your license, will you?讓我們看看你的執(zhí)照,好嗎?(2)肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。如:Be careful next time, will you/would you?下次當心,好嗎?Dont forget to call me, will you?/would you?不要忘記給我打電話,好嗎?there be結構的附加疑問句。如:There wont be any trouble, will there?不會有任何麻煩,是嗎?There is something wrong with your bike, isnt there?你的自行車出毛病了,是嗎?

34、反義疑問句的答語對反義疑問句作回答時,如果答案是肯定的,則用yes,后跟肯定形式的簡略回答方式;若答案是否定的,則用no,后跟否定形式的簡略回答方式。即其回答方式與一般疑問句的回答方式完全一致。特別注意有時要根據(jù)具體的語境確定應用肯定形式還是否定形式來回答。如:Lucy skates very well, doesnt she?露西滑冰滑得非常好,是嗎?Yes, she does. 是的。You dont like the film, do you?你不喜歡這部電影,是嗎?No, I dont. 是的,我不喜歡。例如：Mr. Smith and his wife seldom drive th

35、eir car to work, ?(完成反義疑問句) 【解析】本題考查反義疑問句的用法。陳述部分是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)否定句,疑問部分應該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)肯定結構,所以填do they?！敬鸢浮?do they四、 祈使句(一)祈使句的結構及用法祈使句表示命令、請求、建議或勸告等等。主語通常被省略,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號或句號,讀降調(diào)。祈使句表示“叫某人做某事”時,要用動詞的基本形式。如:Dont be late. 不要遲到。Dont come out. 不要出去?！敖心橙瞬蛔瞿呈隆睍r,在動詞的前面加上dont。有時用動詞不定式的否定形式表示。如:Please brush the fish ta

36、nk today. 今天請把魚缸刷一刷。Take care not to catch cold. 當心不要著涼。Lets not waste time. 我們別浪費時間。Lets not make noise. 我們不要吵鬧。祈使句的主語通常不表示出來。有時為了引起或者提醒對方注意,可以加上主語或稱呼語。如:Jack, please dont look out of the window. 杰克,請你不要向窗外望。Sorry, I wont do it again. 對不起,我不會再這么做了。Lucy, you clean the blackboard today, will you?露茜,你

37、今天擦黑板,好嗎?有時為了強調(diào),可以在祈使句開頭加上do。這種祈使句表示一種強烈的感情或請求,意為“務必,一定”。如:Do be a good boy. 要做個好孩子。Do come to help me quickly. 快來幫幫我。Do tell him the truth!一定要告訴他真相!Do look out!一定要小心!(二)祈使句中注意點1. 有時為了表示委婉的語氣,可在句首或句尾加上please,但please加在句尾時,前面要用逗號隔開。如:Please sit down. 請坐。Stand up, please. 請起立。2. 在意思較為明顯的情況下,可把謂語動詞省去。如:

38、This way, please. 請這邊走。3. 有時為了明確地向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡虬l(fā)出命令,可加稱呼語,但稱呼語要與句子隔開。Stay away from here, Jim. 吉姆,離開這里。4. 某些名詞、形容詞或副詞等后面加感嘆號,也可作為祈使句使用。如:Hands up!請舉手!Hands down!放下手!Taxi!出租車!例如：Its sunny today. Lets go mountain climbing,? Good idea!A. shall weB. will you C. wont youD. wont you【解析】本題考查祈使句的反義疑問句。lets開頭的反義疑問

39、句,其疑問部分應該用shall we表示建議。【答案】 A例1考查感嘆句和祈使句。 delicious these beef noodles are! A. WhatB. How C. What aD. How a【解析】考查感嘆句用法。題意:這些牛肉面條真好吃啊!句子名詞性短語these beef noodles作主語,強調(diào)形容詞delicious,故用how引導?！敬鸢浮?B別擔心我的安全。我會小心的。 my safety. I will be careful. 【解析】本題考查祈使句的用法。“不要擔心”應該用祈使句否定結構來翻譯。所以答案是:Dont worry about/Dont b

40、e worried about/Dont be anxious about例2考查疑問句和句型轉(zhuǎn)換。Will you open the door?. A. All rightB. Its right C. Thats all rightD. Quite right【解析】本題考查情景交際。A項“好吧”;B項“那是正確的”;C項“沒關系”;D項“非常正確”。疑問句表示請求,根據(jù)句意“你能打開門嗎?”判斷,應答句應該用“All right.”。【答案】 A請別在這里抽煙,好嗎?【解析】本題考查疑問句的用法。該句是反義疑問句結構,可以用祈使句“Dont.,will you”來翻譯,也可以用句型“Wi

41、ll/Would you please.?”來翻譯。所以答案是:Dont smoke here, will you/OK?/Will/Would you please not smoke here?/Would you mind not smoking here?/Could you please not smoke here?We would rather walk around than sit in the sofa after supper.(保持句意基本不變)We walking around sitting in the sofa after supper. 【解析】原句的句型結構

42、是“would rather.than.(寧愿而不)”,其同義結構是prefer to do sth.?！敬鸢浮?prefer; to一、 單項選擇1. He hardly goes to school by car, he? A. doesB. doesnt C. isD. isnt 2. will the fog and haze last? Ive no idea. There is no sign of an end.A. How soonB. How far C. How longD. How often 3. does your cousin usually go to work on foot? He says its good for his health. A. WhereB. When C. WhyD. How 4. have yo