陶淵明詩(shī)歌《飲酒（其五）》與華茲華斯詩(shī)歌《詠水仙》對(duì)比研究英語(yǔ)論文

1、陶淵明詩(shī)歌飲酒（其五）與華茲華斯詩(shī)歌詠水仙對(duì)比研究 Acknowledgments My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Tao Ruixuan and Wu Jingyuan, my supervisors, for their constant encouragement and guidance. They have walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis, given me suggestions on the topic

2、and encourage me to finish the thesis. Without their consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not finish successfully. Second, I extend my thanks to Professor Li Qiang and every teacher who has helped me with useful suggestions on the structure in his class. Besides, my thanks woul

3、d go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help, encouragement and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the diffic

4、ult course of the thesis.AbstractThis thesis makes a comparative study of the two poems: Drinking Wine V by Tao Yuanming and Daffodils by William Wordsworth. Tao Yuanming and William Wordsworth are the masters of romanticism poetry in Chinese and Western literary history, leaving a lot of popular po

5、ems to the world. Both Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth love and yearn for nature life, and their poetry is the natural expression of strong emotion and have romantic feelings.There are five parts in this thesis. The first part introduces Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth and their poetry, including difference

6、s in their attitude towards the hidden world and their self-consciousness and the differences between Tao Yuanmings nature of mind and Wordsworths nature of divine. The second part makes arrangement and induction of the international studies and domestic studies on Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth. The t

7、hird part firstly introduces the new criticism theory, and expounds the literary ontology, structure and the context of the theory. making a detailed introduction to the approach of close reading. Secondly this part expounds some concepts within close reading such as irony, ambiguity, tension and me

8、taphor, and applys theory to the interpretation of the two poems. The fourth part is divided into two parts, firstly analyzing the similarities between Dinking Wine V and Daffodils in emotional tone and subjects, secondly points out their differences in dictions, forms and thoughts, combining the so

9、cial historical and cultural background with demonstration and causes of the similarities and the differences between the two poems. The last part summarizes the whole thesis and comes to the conclusion that the similarity and differences of the authors creation and understand what leads to the simi

10、larity and differences.Key words: Dinking Wine V; Daffodils; the close reading; comparative study摘 要本文采取新批評(píng)的理論視角，結(jié)合社會(huì)以及歷史文化的批評(píng)方法，對(duì)陶淵明的飲酒（其五）和威廉華茲華斯的詠水仙兩首的詩(shī)歌做出比較研究。陶淵明和威廉華茲華斯是中西方文學(xué)史上著名的自然詩(shī)人，留下了許多膾炙人口的詩(shī)篇。陶淵明和華茲華斯都熱愛(ài)和向往自然生活，他們的詩(shī)歌都是強(qiáng)烈情感的自然流露，具有自然田園氣息和浪漫主義情懷。本文共有五個(gè)部分。第一部分主要介紹了陶淵明、華茲華斯以及他們的詩(shī)歌，包括陶淵明的心性自然與華

11、茲華斯的神性自然的區(qū)別；以及對(duì)待隱世的態(tài)度及自我意識(shí)展現(xiàn)方面的差異。第二部分對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)界的陶淵明和華茲華斯的研究做出整理和歸納。第三部分介紹了新批評(píng)的主要理論框架和內(nèi)涵，聚焦于新批評(píng)理論觀點(diǎn)，如文學(xué)本體論，結(jié)構(gòu)肌質(zhì)論以及語(yǔ)境理論等。第四部分主要包含兩個(gè)方面，第一，介紹本文所要運(yùn)用的細(xì)讀法，并抓住細(xì)讀法中的反諷、含混、張力、暗喻等核心概念來(lái)分析解讀詩(shī)歌；第二，結(jié)合作家所處的社會(huì)、歷史和文化背景，對(duì)兩首詩(shī)歌做出相似性和相異性這兩個(gè)方面的研究分析。最后是總結(jié)部分。文章認(rèn)為，通過(guò)對(duì)作品的細(xì)讀，可以知道不同作者在相似題材創(chuàng)作中的異同，并了解其存在的原因。關(guān)鍵詞：飲酒（其五）；詠水仙；文本細(xì)讀；對(duì)比研究i

12、vContents 云南民族大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))原創(chuàng)性聲明iAcknowledgmentsiiAbstractiii摘 要iv1. Introduction11.1 A Brief Introduction to Tao Yuanming and His Poetry11.2 A Brief Introduction to William Wordsworth and His Poetry21.3 The Purpose of the Thesis32. Literature Review42.1 Overview of International and Domestic Studies42

13、.2 Critical Comments53. A Close Reading Interpretation of Drinking Wine V and Daffodils73.1 A Brief Account of New Criticism and the Close Reading73.2 Analysis of Drinking Wine V on the basis of the close reading93.3 Analysis of Daffodils on the Basis of the Close Reading104. Interpretation of Simil

14、arities and Differences Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils124.1 The Similarities Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils124.1.1 Similar Emotional Tone in Drinking wine V and Daffodils124.1.2 Similar Subjects in Drinking Wine V and Daffodils144.1.3 Summary154.2 The Differences Between Drinking Wine

15、V and Daffodils154.2.1 Different Languages and Different Forms Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils154.2.2 Different Thoughts and Different Themes Between Drinking Wine V and Daffodils164.2.3 Summary165. Conclusion18References201. IntroductionPoetry is a kind of language that can express the inner

16、feelings of poets. We can convey the emotional tone, poetic art and aesthetic realm of the poems. 1.1 A Brief Introduction to Tao Yuanming and His PoetryTao Yuanming is a famous poet of China who lived in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He learned Confucian classics, enjoyed leisure and quiet life, and lov

17、ed pastoral way of life. Since the age of twenty, Tao Yuanming had began his official life, until the year of 405AD; after 405AD he was tired of official life, and then returned to pastoral life until the end of his life. At that time Tao Yuanmings thought became more mature and political attitude m

18、ore clear, he realized what is the real pastoral life. The poem of Drinking Wine has twenty pieces, Drinking Wine V is the fifth and the most famous one. This poem shows Tao Yuanmings life in the pastoral rural world, together with his attitude to it. Readers love it, not only because of its simple

19、language, ingenious structure, picturesque scenery, lofty mood, but also because it contains profound philosophy, and the pursuit of the harmony between man and nature. Tao yuanmings poetry has many types such as Drinking Wine, lyric poetry and Pastoral poetry, while the number of Tao Yuanmings past

20、oral poetry is the biggest, and the achievement is the most predominant. This kind of poetry fully embodies Tao Yuanmings lofty sentiment, embodies what the poets loved and the way he loved life, and also reflects the poets friendliness for the working people. Zhu Guangqian mentioned in his book On

21、Poetry, Having a great relationship is very important of Tao Yuanmings success, his relatives and friends are playing an important roles in his life. Some of his friends are in political relationship of him; and some of his friends give poems as presents to him; some of his friends have mutual influ

22、ence in the ideological and emotional aspects on Tao Yuanming; finally, some of his friends are in the field. The last kind of people are the closest to him (Zhu Guangqian, 2008: 129) . After Tao Yuanming returned to the countryside he lived a beautiful pastoral life so he could write pastoral poems

23、. He wrote down such lines as “For I pick chrysanthemums under the eastern hedge,/ And far away to the south I can see the mountains,/ And the mountains mists are lovely at morning and evening,/ while birds keep flying across and back again.（“采菊東籬下，悠然見(jiàn)南山。山氣日夕佳，飛鳥(niǎo)相與還?！保?7c8a705.aspx)”. Such poems are

24、 only written by the people who have experienced the real pastoral life and then are able to describe the scene, so that Tao Yuanming is in more depth, which is the embodiment of the nature of the mind of Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanmings poetic language is plain, and in his plain language he expresses hi

25、s deep feelings, and he is good at drawing and impressionistic approach to the outline of the scene with the environment.1.2 A Brief Introduction to William Wordsworth and His PoetryWilliam Wordsworth is a romantic poet in England, once honored as the “poet laureate”. Wordsworth was born in a lawyer

26、s home, attended the Saint John Institute of University of Cambridge. In 1783 his father died, he and his brothers cared by his uncle, sister Dorothy is raised by grandparents. He witnessed the outbreak of the French Revolution in Europe travel, when he came back in England, his passion for the revo

27、lution has not diminished, and his grandparents was not very happy. To feel better life, he loved to go for long walks in the mountains or to boar rides. To achieve a dream that is close to nature,so he took his sister to the countryside. Dorothea is wise and considerate; she created the conditions

28、for his creation. Later she became a poet, she has been companion Wordsworth, never married. Although Wordsworth lived in the countryside, he did not personally have any farm work experience. His life is the pastoral life of the spectators. Although he has deep sympathy for the civilian thought, rur

29、al couples suffering, he intends to write about life from the plain side, to reflect the depth of farming hard work. That is why Wordsworth is an admirer of the divine nature. Wordsworths short poems are fresh, long poems are fresh and profound, against neoclassicism, elegant style, creating a fresh

30、 and lively romantic style. Wordsworths poetry is beautiful and moving, and the outstanding feature of his poetry is the emotional scene. With this kind of style, the poet goes through the subject of poetry, the language of poetry, the metrical poetry, and the choice the vocabulary to reflect emotio

31、ns. One of Wordsworths most famous lyrics is Daffodils written in 1804. It is said that this poem was written by his sister and him when seeing a beautiful nature scene and were deeply attracted by the charm of nature. What is embodied in the poetic proposition is what the poet described in poetry,

32、the “emotion recollected in tranquility”. The poem can be divided into two parts, described scene and lyrical ballad. On one hand the poet recalled ambiguous information, on the other hand, he freely enjoys the beauty endowed by nature. He likened himself to a cloud, randomly drifting, and used imag

33、inative verse to show that poets have a kind of loneliness, and the poet has avoided loneliness. In his memory, the colorful daffodils are like stars dancing in the breeze. Wordsworths poetic theory shook the rule of British classical poetic, powerfully promoted the reform of English poetry and the

34、development of romanticism movement. 1.3 The Purpose of the ThesisThis thesis will make a comparative study on Tao Yuanmings poem Drinking Wine V and Wordsworths poem Daffodils, according to the theme, image, artistic and aesthetic characteristics of several parts to study the similarities and diffe

35、rences between the two poems and poets, to understand and grasp the spiritual world of two poets and poetic creation characteristics, to help readers have a better understanding of the poetry in the historical and cultural background, to appreciate the simple and plain language of these poems. 2. Li

36、terature ReviewBoth the domestic and international studies of poems by Tao Yuanming and Wordsworth are mainly through the poetic languages, images, the nature-man relationships etc., considering the experience of two poets, different backgrounds, different ideas.2.1 Overview of International and Dom

37、estic StudiesTao Yuanming is an outstanding poet in Chinese poetry history. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest poets of the Six dynasties period. The critics agreed that his simple, direct, and unmannered style was at odds with the norms for literary writing in his time. He was uni

38、versally viewed as a major English Romantic poet, and launched the Romantic Age in English literature with the joint publication Lyrical Ballads with his friend Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The study of William Wordsworth and his works have also been popular for many years with publications on different

39、 topics. Matthew Arnold has edited and published Selected poems of Wordsworth, in which we read: “Wordsworth hasnt got his deserved reward till today. His unique understanding of “poetry is the criticism of life” provides unique insights for Wordsworths evaluation. With the guidance “poetry is the c

40、riticism of life” the guidance, Arnold put Wordsworth on the poets list with a significant position, He proposed that Wordsworths poems were excellent because of the powerful application of the idea of “man, nature and life” to the theme of his expression. Arnold suggested that the distinction of Wo

41、rdsworth. Not only his thinking highly and deeply applied to life but also in its nature (Matthew Arnold, 1986: 3).These two poets are often compared for their similar taste in choosing the poetic images, languages, etc. Xu Ruixiang mentioned in his paper “A comparative study of Wordsworth and Tao Y

42、uanmings pastoral poems”, Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming are outstanding Chinese and western poets. Wordsworth was known as the Poet Laureate, and he chose to stay away from the city of rural life as the subject of his poems, praised nature, claimed that people should return to nature to save the human

43、 heart. Wordsworth is one of the most important British poets after Milton and Shakespeare. And Tao Yuanmin is the first to create Chinese pastoral poetry. He advocated nature, because he was tired of the office life and went back to the garden. He loved to eulogize pastoral life, to return to natur

44、e in the pursuit of freedom and inner peace. Tao Yuanming is the greatest pastoral poet in the history of Chinese Literature (Xu Ruixiang, 2006). Wang Xiaoqin in his paper “A comparative study of Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming” believes that Tao Yuanming is the first pastoral poet and hermit poet in Ch

45、ina. Wordsworth is not the first British poet of nature, but he is the most famous poet in England (Wang Xiaoqin, 1989: 76-77). Zhu Jing in his paper “A comparison between Tao Yuanming and Wordsworths creation” believes that Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming are both outstanding poets in Chinese and the w

46、estern literature (Zhu Jing, 2010: 57-58). They believe that although Wordsworth and Tao Yuanming lived in different times and countries, and no influence was shown with each other, but their pastoral poems have a lot in common. Due to the differences of age and cultural, ethnic background, comparis

47、on between them can not only reveal the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western nature poems, but also help find the differences between Chinese and Western classical poets. The pastoral poems are like a bridge to communicate the Chinese and Western literary world. 2.2 Critical Comm

48、entsAlthough Tao Yuanming and William Wordsworth have different experiences, different backgrounds, and different ideas, their poetry reveals the love and worship of nature. Whether it is a foreign study, or domestic research, they pay attention to the two poets affirmative evaluation. However, desp

49、ite these studies, there is still space for a detailed study of the two poets different attitudes towards nature and the different aspects of emotion and aesthetics in poetry creation. Therefore, in this thesis, I would like to use the theory of new criticism to interpret the two poets, and use the

50、methods of irony, ambiguity and tension in the study to analyze the two poets different attitudes towards nature and the different aspects of emotion and aesthetics in poetic creation.3. A Close Reading Interpretation of Drinking Wine V and DaffodilsThe “close reading” in New Criticism requires the

51、analysis of the use of metaphor, ambiguity, irony, tension of the concept and theory of linguistic and structural elements in literary works as analysis and detailed explanation, to grasp the organic unity of the poem on the basis of clarification of each the conflict and tension in the poem collect

52、ion on a variety of factors. Therefore, its a very important analytical technique, whose application can help appreciate the two poems in this thesis.3.1 A Brief Account of New Criticism and the Close ReadingThis thesis interprets two poems from the perspective of new criticism theory. The called ne

53、w criticism theory is one of the most influential genres in modern literary criticism. It originated in the UK in 1920s, matured in 1930s in the United States, and in 1940s and 1950s has became trend in the United States. In late 50s, the new criticism is gradually fading, semantic analysis based on

54、 the text ,but the new criticism advocated and practice is still the basic method of literary criticism one of todays literary criticism especially poetry criticism. The new criticism theory is divided into three parts: literary ontology, structural and textural theory and context theory. The litera

55、ry ontology criticism was put forward by Ransom, who is the first one to put the philosophical term the main body into the literary studies. The new criticism holds that literary works are a complete multilevel artistic object and an independent world. Taking works as a noumenon, the study of litera

56、ry features from literary works is the core of new criticism theory. Sutter and Beardsley, who hold the same point of view, expounded their ideas from another angle, and they put forward two famous concepts, the affective fallacy and the intentional fallacy. The Sutter and Beardsley as the authors i

57、ntention to explore the fallacy, directed at direct the spearhead against positivism the Romantic criticism. At the same time, they think the advantages and disadvantages depend on the size of evaluation work of the readers emotional radian, which is a kind of the affective fallacy, and in this sens

58、e, the new criticism is a typical works of ontology. The structure and texture is emphasized by Ransom. He believes that the structure and texture are corresponding to each other and closely related concepts, the structure is a poem and a summary of logical clues, and it gives a series of perceptual information in order and direction. Poetry always holds the image of concrete things, these specific things and image is the quality of poetry. The structure and texture of poetry is an indivisible organic whole, just like the inseparable spirit and spirit