改錯(cuò)題型透析及應(yīng)試技巧

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。改錯(cuò)題型透析及應(yīng)試技巧 試題介紹 綜合改錯(cuò)是六級(jí)考試的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)題型，是四級(jí)改革后的新增題型。該部分共十題，考試時(shí)間十五分鐘，在一篇題材熟悉，難度適中的短文中有10行標(biāo)有題號(hào)，每行有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤（不含拼寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤）答題時(shí)學(xué)生可能需要?jiǎng)h除或增加某個(gè)詞或短語，占10%，屬主觀題，具體答題方式如下：1，改正，將文中錯(cuò)詞用（/）劃去，在空白處寫上替換的詞，在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的一行中有一詞在語法，搭配或詞義等方面有錯(cuò)誤，需要考生找出并換上正確的詞，這類錯(cuò)誤占了大多數(shù)。2，刪去，將文中錯(cuò)詞用（/）劃去，在右側(cè)的橫線上也劃一（/），表示該詞是多余的，在標(biāo)題號(hào)的一行中有一

2、詞按語法，搭配或上下文語義是多余的劃去。3，增添，在文中漏詞處劃上添加號(hào)（）表示有遺漏，然后在右側(cè)橫線上添入遺漏的詞。一、?？嫉湫湾e(cuò)誤 1、一致性方面的錯(cuò)誤 1)主謂一致主謂不一致錯(cuò)誤是CET-6綜合改錯(cuò)題內(nèi)容之一，主要表現(xiàn)為主語名詞與謂語動(dòng)詞間隔較長(zhǎng)，首尾不相接，造成視覺上的混淆。 例：The president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conferencefor the purpose of solving financial problems. 句中主語的主詞為單數(shù)名詞“president”，介詞短

3、語“together with the workers”與主語無關(guān)，是插入成分，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)is。 2)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)有時(shí)名詞可以不用復(fù)數(shù)，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明確的量詞修飾，如many, several, a number of,a variety of等等，就要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。04.6 material culture physical object like cooking pots, objects 3)代詞與先行詞一致代詞的主要功能是指代已出現(xiàn)的名詞、詞組或一個(gè)意群，因此代詞的出現(xiàn)必須有所指，而且形、數(shù)等必須與前面所代的部份相符。這是代詞改錯(cuò)的核心。04.1 The fast

4、 growing populations demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their supply its 此處物主代詞指food,所以用單數(shù)形式的所有格its.2、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣1)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤在一篇結(jié)構(gòu)完整、語義連續(xù)的短文中，時(shí)態(tài)的使用也應(yīng)該連貫一致，但是英語表示時(shí)間時(shí)，主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)可能不一致，卻仍表明完整正確的意思。這就要求考生對(duì)英語敏感，準(zhǔn)確判斷句中動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)。例：He cant remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句中有once(從前)作為明顯的時(shí)間狀語，因而從句中動(dòng)詞

5、應(yīng)用過去時(shí)knew。2)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤在CET-6綜合改錯(cuò)題中最常見的語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤是被動(dòng)語態(tài)被誤用為主動(dòng)語態(tài)。因?yàn)闈h語表達(dá)習(xí)慣上有時(shí)不加“被”字也能表示被動(dòng)，因而考生對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)不敏感。另外，不及物動(dòng)詞不能攜帶賓語，因而也就沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。06.12 The day the NEA report released, the US House, was 此處修飾the day 的定語從句需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)， release 為及物動(dòng)詞，意思為“發(fā)表”。3)虛擬語氣錯(cuò)誤虛擬語氣的使用錯(cuò)誤在綜合改錯(cuò)題中主要表現(xiàn)為主句和從句的語氣不協(xié)調(diào)。例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told a

6、bout his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中動(dòng)詞suggest之后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，故is應(yīng)改為be或should be。類似的動(dòng)詞還有demand, insist, order，等等。3、連接詞、并列句、從屬句這類錯(cuò)誤常常不易被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)樗粚儆诰渥觾?nèi)部的語言知識(shí)，而是句子與句子之間的串聯(lián)的關(guān)系要想把這類錯(cuò)誤糾正出來，需要考生對(duì)文章有總體的理解，頭腦中有個(gè)大的框架。一般改錯(cuò)中的連接詞錯(cuò)誤都會(huì)使句子的邏輯關(guān)系發(fā)生改變，或造成句子的語義邏輯混亂。 例：Science is the production of new knowledge

7、that can be applied or not, since technology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like.句中連詞“since”用錯(cuò)了，逗號(hào)前后的兩個(gè)句子從句意上是對(duì)照關(guān)系，但是since使之變成了因果關(guān)系，整個(gè)句子變得模糊不清。應(yīng)把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。4、形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)這類錯(cuò)誤主要考較不常見的形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)形式。一般來講，考生不難掌握。5、平行結(jié)構(gòu)平行結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤主要指在連接詞and前

8、后語法結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)等、不平行。04.1 Although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environmental reasons. political reasons 有三個(gè)修飾詞，后兩個(gè)是形容詞，第一個(gè)應(yīng)該保持一致，所以改為political6、非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞是令人頭疼的改錯(cuò)類型，它包括不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞。六級(jí)改錯(cuò)中主要出現(xiàn)的是非謂語動(dòng)詞與主要謂語動(dòng)詞之間的混淆。Culture refers to the social heritage of a people, the lea

9、rned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things. Including 這句話中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞refer to, 因此把include 改為including 才符合語法規(guī)范。7、固定搭配固定搭配主要包括動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞同介詞的搭配以及其它許多慣用法等。解答這類題的關(guān)鍵在于考生掌握大量的短語及固定搭配。例：It also takes rise

10、to a blurring of the distinction between science and technology. 句中“takes rise to”是錯(cuò)誤搭配，應(yīng)把“takes”改為gives?！癵ive rise to”是固定表達(dá)，有“引起、導(dǎo)致”的意思?？忌枰綍r(shí)積累動(dòng)介詞、動(dòng)副詞等詞組以及諸多習(xí)慣用語。8、詞性錯(cuò)誤詞性誤用句中，錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在形容詞、名詞、副詞上。做這類改錯(cuò)題，首先要判斷詞性及詞在句的位置，然后根據(jù)它們?cè)诰渲兴幍奈恢脕泶_定詞性是否正確。一般說來，形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，副詞修飾形容詞。06.12 Now what started in schoo

11、ls across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and national 在此，表示全國的， 應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞stage.06.6 Its an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new relatively 應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞。We are not necessary capable of doing such an exacting job.句中形容詞necessary用于修飾形容詞capable,屬于詞性誤用，應(yīng)改為副詞形式necessarily。9、易混淆

12、的詞英語詞匯中有很多詞在拼寫上、語義上很相似，如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise,effect/affect,但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。這些易混淆的詞構(gòu)成六級(jí)改錯(cuò)的一個(gè)重要錯(cuò)誤類型。例：His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 句中“award”是“頒發(fā)，授予(獎(jiǎng)賞)”之義，而文中想要表達(dá)的意思是“汽車終于啟動(dòng)了，那就是對(duì)他堅(jiān)持不懈精神的回報(bào)?！睉?yīng)把a(bǔ)ward成reward。二、解題思路與技巧從上面的錯(cuò)誤類型分析可知，做改錯(cuò)題一定要具有一雙“慧眼”。重要的不是自己會(huì)運(yùn)用一個(gè)語法點(diǎn)或知識(shí)點(diǎn)，而

13、是能夠識(shí)別出錯(cuò)誤的用法，以審查的眼光去面對(duì)每一個(gè)改錯(cuò)題。這就需要掌握必要的答題步驟和技巧。解題步驟：1)一般來說，做題時(shí)千萬不要拿起來就改。先花一、兩分鐘從頭到尾通讀全文，對(duì)文章大致內(nèi)容有所了解做到心中有數(shù)。2)然后把重點(diǎn)放在有錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)的標(biāo)有題號(hào)行，尋找較容易辯認(rèn)的語法錯(cuò)誤，如主謂不一致、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)使用錯(cuò)誤、非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤等等。3)如果錯(cuò)行中不存在上述明顯錯(cuò)誤，則應(yīng)查看是否有詞語搭配錯(cuò)誤，易混詞錯(cuò)誤、詞性錯(cuò)誤等等細(xì)節(jié)錯(cuò)誤。4)如果錯(cuò)行中既不存在語法錯(cuò)誤，也不存在詞匯錯(cuò)誤，則從整體上查看上下文意思是否連貫，連接詞是否使用正確，是否有邏輯混亂的現(xiàn)象，如否定句誤用成肯定句造成句意不通等。注意：有時(shí)沒有

14、錯(cuò)項(xiàng)的行對(duì)改錯(cuò)很有幫助。5)找到錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)之后，按要求形式進(jìn)行改正、刪去或增添，并設(shè)法找到一個(gè)正確項(xiàng)使句子在語法、語義和邏輯上都成立。(附：06年6月六級(jí)改錯(cuò)真題及解析)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and pu

15、t the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark ( ) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the b

16、lankUntil recently, dyslexia and other reading problems were a mystery to most teachers and parents. As a result, too many kids passed through school without master the printed page. s1_ Some were treated as mentally deficient; many were left Functionally illiterate(文盲的),unable to ever meet their po

17、tential. But in the last several years, theres been a revolution in that weve learned about reading and dyslexia. s2_ Scientists are using a variety of new imaging techniques to watch the brain at work. Their experiments have shown that reading disorders are most likely the result of what is, in an

18、effect, s3_ faulty wiring in the brainnot lazy, stupidity or a poor home s4_ environment. Theres also convincing evidence which dyslexia s5_ is largely inherited. It is now considered a chronic problem for some kids, not just a phrase. Scientists have also discarded another stereotype that almost al

19、l dyslexics are boys. Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well s6_ and not getting help. At same time, educational researchers have come up S7_ with innovative teaching strategies for kids who are having trouble learning to read. New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get discouraged by year of s8_ frustration and failure. And educators are trying to get the message to parents that they should be on the alert for the first signs of potential problem. Its an urgent mission. Miss literacy is a relative new s9_ social goal. A hundred