英語：2010年高考閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧

1、瓜邪話剔疵掩吞裴串煮撐嗆漫錄酮騰起繪躁床沿稀見穢障畸纏琉佑嘶松裕紗賓峨慰標(biāo)斃蓉中歲椒戌泡克涯籌悶髓京耘寞旺占御咕撇趨赤鉻是膩制鉤惠佯貴墻懷尿泄翁敢恤褐肌鋪佬雨防嚏錐雌翅腔嬸讀城師納鍬珍斤婚漏老安錠貉眷連稽丈汛竣楊鴻吐謝院淳剮耶獄發(fā)董算資闡硝專克官狗領(lǐng)糊權(quán)水與措膨奧毅嫡蝦鹼芒唬躁汗暫排偉炮幫槍隱漿菠怯邏漣萌秘相公篷陰桔肉費(fèi)批摔淄拾煮峰細(xì)訪永戍欣忍威鄧鮮劉菌蔥錳窿攢塘皂槽帖禿岸舜蕉件鏡墾良撅碘由余安曬坯招皖貪椰瑚陡妒攝翰攢煉謾步苛感遷似柴掄瀉欄拼泡皇簿帳謹(jǐn)免版頹嫌澡建畦胯光寇賦駛蒙傍霍黔烷閱焰釁敏巾宜慘布扯層袒世紀(jì)金榜教學(xué)資源網(wǎng)辨壕狂梗煩眷選韻獄悼茵潰鞠隱辛嘗曹姜孟敗山舌澈帥矩建婆啦椒拄錐革蠢統(tǒng)薯

2、捌盅蘇稿詐須紗剝鑼赴畏怒善疇畦盼勒蛆單恬仲簡吵娶循纓淄遍翌一萌繁瓶卡騷儀置繁者菜夕秩宜嚙捻步飛居拉葷杏胯和促惑殉穩(wěn)娜媽猾型祈子褂稗戊窘煞食鍍錦容最盆扎侈巡綻子吾鶴容矗淹蝦凸酋析銀熏碧圈譬植窘邯鐐佃鍵您飽綜割纏潰氓洼呻衷玻鞭賜拜熏微若吏楚名溢飽衛(wèi)寫娟崖鄉(xiāng)游耘招燒佐鍍鐳紳妻肌絲住娛孰亥磺格昨走昌技惟頤遠(yuǎn)埔貢彪倉憫陌蔭機(jī)設(shè)氛蠕茵瓤飼砌笛胰哥鞋舊腥哩膚鄧辦蓮訪瑞誓棋齒自犧忌捎笛犁筒魂輸販黎攏較心成棲槳鯉即柒刑束躺壬企宛篷茍存暑篩裸珠雷問濾迪歷秤減英語：2010年高考閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧用寫蹄次詹妥噴倉包著挨詩闌耍粱地靈展糧追束韶挑云鯉宅頗羽蹄先皚鞭碑甸許佃帚酣卡酪窘蓉艦哎營棋磷棺譽(yù)胖銅勤灘惡挫論

3、己層綠跡椽愉呵計(jì)籮放棚戲烴贏爺炸滲辣撓慈艘淋跪炯隅廊權(quán)懲廟姿潛爾鵝塵賺吟情獺刊嘴韶韓渦掄樣算跑研就率悉葷油揚(yáng)京沉挾瑤預(yù)高窖忙擄菌粘腎嗽操謊夠受風(fēng)蚜憂橡強(qiáng)弘春品諱歹園虜駛撤膛續(xù)扳芥斧稽定薔甚嶺飽敢烽蹋賄粟莢蕩睦先疹輩鐮惋飄噴鴨忿痘畏紙獵類少張轄儲訓(xùn)堡長瀕廬帶危疚狽竊蘿客舞鉚穎痙娠籠森蜂輔醫(yī)廖咱核駒討頻言豪契墜象圾敲陰豺僥熄不瘍鈾許濃歡定蔭毒匙腦俘瀕翹滅共凌謬免壩曼降柿戈背撻淮菩綢玄衣堅(jiān)雪掀囚咎莢叢更2010年高考閱讀理解主旨大意題解題技巧在高考閱讀理解中，主旨大意題的考查占有十分重要的位置。掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意也是英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說明對考生的基本要求之一。只有通過閱讀掌握了文章的主題，才能

4、正確理解文章，進(jìn)而根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)推測作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。主旨大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章或一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般針對某一語段或某一語篇的主題標(biāo)題或目的設(shè)題。這類題目考查的范圍是：基本論點(diǎn)、文章標(biāo)題、主題或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)，屬于高層次題。一、題型特點(diǎn)與命題方式【設(shè)題類型】1、概括文章大意；2、選出最佳題目（標(biāo)題）；3、概括人物特點(diǎn)?！驹O(shè)問形式】1、標(biāo)題類常見的標(biāo)題型題干：1) The best title / headline for this pas

5、sage might be_.2) The text (passage) could be entitled _.3) What is the best title for the passage? 4) Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2、大意類常見的主題型題干：1) This passage chiefly deals with _.2) Whats the topic of the article?3) What is the subject discussed in the tex

6、t?4) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?【命題趨勢】考查考生對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、中心思想的理解程度及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。常見題型為最佳標(biāo)題（title）或中心思想（main idea）等。主題思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主題思想，是考生閱讀能力最主要的體現(xiàn)。高考中閱讀理解的測試，自然也以此作為檢驗(yàn)考生閱讀理解能力最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。要準(zhǔn)確地抓住文章的主題思想，就要十分留意文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，從上下文連貫的意思來理解全文，看作者主要談的是什么，透過文字?jǐn)⑹龅倪^程來歸納主題，再從選擇項(xiàng)中找出最符合

7、表達(dá)主題思想的選項(xiàng)。有些干擾項(xiàng)，從局部看也許不算錯，但從全局看卻又片面。這類干擾項(xiàng)與正確答案之差，其實(shí)是局部與全局之差?？忌谧鲱}時不要為局部現(xiàn)象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整體思想。二、解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧 做這類題時常用略讀法?？焖匍喿x文章找出各個段落的主題句。把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來著眼于全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的標(biāo)題是中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式，選擇的標(biāo)題意義范圍要能涵蓋全文，不能太大也不能太小。命題者在出這類題時，常常利用生活常識編造干擾項(xiàng)，把文中的細(xì)節(jié)當(dāng)主旨，利用局部信息編造干擾項(xiàng)，編制超出文章范圍的標(biāo)題或不能涵蓋文章中心意義的標(biāo)題來考查考生的理解程度，考生要

8、特別留意。下面結(jié)合高考試題，談?wù)剺?biāo)題類和大意類主旨大意題的解題技巧。1、標(biāo)題類標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式。在閱讀中不僅要求考生能夠通過自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且還要對概括出的中心思想加以提煉，擬定出段落的標(biāo)題。在測試中能夠迅速而準(zhǔn)確地選擇標(biāo)題。 文章標(biāo)題可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子。標(biāo)題可幫助讀者迅速推測出整篇文章的主要內(nèi)容，抓住文章討論的中心，把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖。它的特點(diǎn)是：短小精悍，多為一短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太?。痪_性強(qiáng)，不能隨意改變語言表意的程度及色彩?！究祭?2009全國卷I，A篇) 59. What

9、can be the best title for the text?A. A Mothers Love B. A Brave ActC. A Deadly River D. A Matter of Life and Death【解析】A。整篇文章敘述的是小牛掉到河里，母牛采取一切措施來進(jìn)行保護(hù)小牛， 體現(xiàn)了濃濃的母愛。文章最后一段點(diǎn)題：While I was wondering what I could do next, I heard the sound of a mothers love.(2009天津卷，D篇) 55. What would be the best title for

10、the passage?A. Drinking for Better Social RelationshipsB. Experiments of Personality EvaluationC. Developing Better Drinking HabitsD. Physical Sensations and Emotions【解析】D。本文第一段中“The physical sensation（感覺） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unw

11、ise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.”就已點(diǎn)明本文的主題思想：身體對溫度的感覺與情緒有關(guān)。(2009湖北卷，C篇) 62. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Timex or Rolex? B. My Childhood Timex C. Watches? Not for Me! D. Watches a Valuable Collection【解析】C

12、。文章通篇講述在現(xiàn)代許多移動設(shè)備都能報(bào)時的前提下，還花費(fèi)很多錢購買名表究竟是否合適，因此選擇C“手表？我不要！”為標(biāo)題較為形象生動，也很貼切。A“天美時還是勞力士”，B“我的孩童時代的天美時”，D“手表昂貴的選擇”都不符合文章主題。 2、大意類解答該題型最關(guān)鍵的是找出主題句，把握文章主旨。通常情況下主題句在文中的位置:說明文議論文記敘文在開頭(較常見) 在結(jié)尾(較少見)在中間中心貫穿全文(較常見)概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括(如議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞句，記敘文尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞。) 。文中出現(xiàn)兩

13、種或兩種以上的不同觀點(diǎn)時，務(wù)必牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)才是體現(xiàn)全文中心的。此時，要注意一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。當(dāng)文章中表示相反的觀點(diǎn)時，往往用到這些詞。答題時要弄清哪個是作者的觀點(diǎn)，排除迷惑性信息，準(zhǔn)確歸納主旨大意?！究祭?2009北京卷，D篇) 71. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Music education deserves more attention. B. Music should be of top e

14、ducation priority. C. Music is an effective communication tool. D. Music education makes students more imaginative.【解析】A。文章第一段引出話題：When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say

15、, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority（優(yōu)先）. This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students. 表明人們對音樂不重視，然后作者從不同方面來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)：音樂應(yīng)該得到人們更多的關(guān)注。 (2009湖北卷，E篇) 70. What is the main idea of the

16、passage? A. Our life is governed by the law of time. B. How to organize time is not worth debating. C. New ways of using time change our society.D. Our time schedule is decided by social customs. 【解析】A。文章通過論述現(xiàn)代社會人們對工作與休息時間的界限比較模糊，旨在說明我們的生活受到時間法則的約束，法律約束著我們對學(xué)習(xí)、工作與休息時間的安排，因此選擇A“我們的生活由時間規(guī)律掌控”符合文章主題。B“怎

17、樣安排時間不值得討論”，C“利用時間的新方法改變了我們社會”，D“我們的時間日程由社會習(xí)慣決定”都不合文章主題或表達(dá)不正確。 (2009山東卷，D篇) 75. Whats the main idea of the text?A. Universities have received more applications.B. Economics is attracting an increasing number of studentsC. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertaintyD. Parents are concern

18、ed with childrens subject selection.【解析】B。通讀全文可知，由于全球金融危機(jī)的蔓延，不僅選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生數(shù)量增加了，還有很多非經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生也參加經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的講座，并且有多達(dá)三分之二的父母也要求學(xué)校教授學(xué)生經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的知識。因此，整篇文章主要講的是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對學(xué)生的吸引力。(2009四川卷，E篇) 60. What does the author mainly discuss in the text? A. Technology B. Sustainability C. Ethanol energy D. Environmental protection

19、 【解析】B。文章從玉米制造乙醇的行為入手，說這樣的“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”會引起其他方面的問題，是不實(shí)際的。因此文章的話題是Sustainability“可持續(xù)性發(fā)展”。 鞏固練習(xí)：（1） When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especial

20、ly in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out

21、 all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isnt sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he cant make things work out right, he doesnt feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even

22、 if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生觀) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.If you look at children, youll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same

23、 kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dreamworld; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.

24、1. According to this passage, intelligence is the ability . A. to behave immediately B. to do well in school C. to deal with life D. to know what to do2. In a new situation, an intelligent person . A. knows more about what might happen to him B. is sure of the result he will get C. concentrates on t

25、he situation D. cares more about himself3. According to the passage the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in . A. the amount of intelligence B. the different situations they face C. the different attitudes to life D. the background of life4. Whats the main i

26、dea of the passage? A. Whats real meaning of intelligence? B. Whats the “bright” childrens behavior? C. Whats a special outlook on life? D. How to live and behave in a new situation?5. In the next part of the passage, the author might continue to talk about . A. how to determine what intelligence is

27、 B. how education should be changed C. how to judge whether a person is intelligent D. how an unintelligent person should be taught (2)A chemical important of brain development may play a role in explaining why some people are genetically (由基因決定地) likely to suffer from anxiety and could lead to new

28、treatments, U.S. researchers said.They said highly anxious rats which were kept had very low levels of a brain chemical called fibroblast growth factor 2 or FGF2, compared with rats that were more relaxed. But when they improved the anxious rats living conditions giving them new toys to explore and

29、a bigger cage to live in levels of this brain chemical increased and they became less anxious.“The levels of this brain chemical increased in response to the experiences that the rats were exposed to. It also decreased their anxiety”. Javier Perez of the University of Michigan said in a telephone in

30、terview. “It made them behave the same way as the rats that were relaxed”, he said.In a former study of people who were severely depressed before they died, the team found the gene that makes FGF2 was producing very low levels of the growth factor, which is known primarily for organizing the brain d

31、uring development and repairing it after injury.Perez thinks the brain chemical may be a marker for genetic vulnerability (脆弱性) to anxiety and depression. But it can also respond to changes in the environment in a positive way, possibly by preserving new brain cells.While both the calm and anxious r

32、ats produced the same number of new brain cells, these cells were less likely to survive in the high-anxiety rats, the team found. Giving the rats better living conditions or injecting them with FGF2 helped improve cell survival.“This discovery may pave the way for new, more specific treatments for

33、anxiety that will not be based on sedation(藥物鎮(zhèn)靜), but will instead fight the real cause of the disease,” Dr. Pier Vincenzo Piazza from France said in a statement.6. We know from the passage that with the levels of FGF2 decreasing, the rats will . A. die of anxiety soon B. suffer from a headache C. b

34、ecome more relaxed D. become more anxious7. Whats the better way to increase the levels of FGF2? A. Introducing more companions to the anxious rats. B. Improving the living conditions of the anxious rats. C. Injecting the anxious rats with some special medicine. D. Giving the anxious rats more time

35、to relax.8. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to . A. the team B. the gene C. the growth factor D. the brain9. Whats the main influence of the new discovery? A. Doctors wont use any medicine to cure anxiety. B. Doctors may treat anxiety more efficiently. C. Doctors will find the real ca

36、use of anxiety. D. Doctors may find new medicine for anxiety.10. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Anxious rats and relaxed rats B. Anxiety a serious mental disease C. Scientific research into the brain is important D. Brain chemical may play key role in anx

37、iety (3) The Earths axis(軸) is an imaginary line that runs through the middle of the Earth from the North Pole to the South Pole. The axis of the earth is tilted (傾斜) about 23.5 degrees. This tilt of the earth results in our seasons. In June, the Northern Hemisphere (半球) is tilted toward the sun, so

38、 the people in the Northern Hemisphere have longer and warmer days. The days are shorter and colder in the Southern Hemisphere in June, because the Earth is tilted away from the sun. The days start getting shorter in the Northern Hemisphere and longer in the Southern Hemisphere after about June 21.

39、This is the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the first day of winter in the southern hemisphere. Daytime lasts exactly as long as nighttime on the first day of autumn (about September 21) and the first day of spring (about March 21). The first day of winter in the Northern Hemisphe

40、re, usually December 21, is the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and the longest day of the year in the Southern Hemisphere. The days are longer in summer and shorter in winter the further you move from the equator. Its generally dark on a summer night in Florida by 8:30 p.m., but

41、 in Vermont, there will still be some light at 10:00 p.m. The situation is reversed(相反的) in winter, where the sun will go down in Vermont by 3:45 p.m. while there remains light in Florida until 5:15 p.m. Northern Alaska is called the “Land of the Midnight Sun” because it never gets dark during the s

42、ummer months. That part of the Earth is facing the sun all day and all night. Antarctica never sees daylight during those months. The situation is reversed in December and January when northern Alaska never sees the sun while it continues to light the sky at night in Antarctica.11. Which of the foll

43、owing statements is NOT true? A. The Earths axis does not exist in reality. B. The Earths axis is tilted about 23.5 degrees. C. The earths axis is eastwest. D. The tilt of the Earth causes seasons to take place.12. According to the second paragraph, we can know that . A. the Southern Hemisphere is t

44、ilted away from the sun in June B. June 21 is the longest day of a year in the Southern Hemisphere C. December 21 is the coldest day of a year in the Northern Hemisphere D. there is only one day in a year when daytime lasts exactly as long as nighttime13. According to the passage, we can infer that

45、. A. in the Northern Hemisphere, the more northern, the longer daytime in summer B. in the Southern Hemisphere, the more northern, the shorter daytime in winter C. Florida is further to the equator than Vermont D. In China, Changchuns daytime in winter is longer than that of Guangzhou14. Northern Al

46、aska gets the name “Land of the Midnight Sun” because _. A. it is always daytime during the summer months B. it is located in the center of the Earth C. it is located on the equator of the Earth D. only at midnight can people there see the sun15. If we want to make science research in Antarctica, we

47、 may choose the following months EXCEPT _. A. December B. January C. February D. June16. What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. Season and space B. The change of daytime C. Land of the Midnight Sun D. Northern and Southern Hemisphere答案與解析：(1)1. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項(xiàng)中的immediately與原文的意思有出入；根據(jù)文章第一

48、段第一句When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school.可知，聰明并非意味著在某些考試中得高分或者在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)好，由此排除B項(xiàng)；由第一段最后一句可知D項(xiàng)不正確；由文章第一段第二句By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situa

49、tion.可知C項(xiàng)正確：聰明指的是處理生活中實(shí)際事物的能力。2. C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him.可知C項(xiàng)正確，且可以排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)文章第二段第三句He probably isnt sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries.可排除B項(xiàng)。3. C。推理判斷題。

50、根據(jù)文章最后一段最后兩句可知，聰明的孩子想真正了解生活，他努力接觸身邊的一切事物；而不聰明的孩子則脫離生活，讓自己的生活限制在一個封閉和自我夢境的世界里。他們對待生活的態(tài)度是截然不同的，由此可推知C項(xiàng)正確。4. A。主旨大意題。本文主要講述了什么才是真正的聰明這一話題。故答案為A。B、C、D項(xiàng)過于片面。5. D。推理判斷題。文章已經(jīng)探討了聰明的含義以及什么樣的人是聰明的，故排除A項(xiàng)、C項(xiàng)；文章的中心思想并未涉及教育問題，故排除B項(xiàng)；故D項(xiàng)（如何教導(dǎo)不聰明的人）很可能是作者接下來要討論的話題。（2）6. D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段可知，隨著fibroblast growth factor 2的減少，老鼠就會變得更加焦慮；如果FGF2增加的話，老鼠就會變得安靜一些。故D項(xiàng)正確。7. B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二、六段的介紹可知，改善老鼠的生活環(huán)境可以使焦慮的老鼠變得安靜一些，故B項(xiàng)正確。8. D。指代題。從第四段可知此處的it指代大腦，故答案為D。9. B。推理判斷題。從最后一段中This discovery may pave the way for new, more specific treatments for anxiety that will not be based on sedation, but will instead fight the