高級英語Inaugural-AddressPPT優(yōu)秀課件

1、1Inaugural AddressJohn F. KennedyUnit 4 2Teaching ObjectivesnTo know the features of a political speechnTo appreciate the language features of Kennedys addressnTo acquaint the students with some famous English speechesnTo take this speech as a good example to learn some techniques in writing a speec

2、h3Teaching FocusThe difference between a speech and an argument Political backgroundBiblical and ancient Roman style writings and allusionsnA round-about way in vague terms to convey political views which are not openly stated4Teaching MethodsTeacher-oriented teaching methodStudent-oriented teaching

3、 methodThe elicited method5Teaching Procedure. Introductory Remarks. Background Information. Learning Focus. Key words and Expressions. Explanation of the Text6. Division of the Text. The Writing Style. Rhetorical Devices. Exercises7Introductory Remarks8. Introductory RemarksnJ. F. Kennedy addresses

4、 a worldwide audience in his inaugural speech.nHe makes a general statement of basic policy goals.9nThe United States is prepared to pay any price, bear any burden, and meet any hardship to defend human rights, liberty and independence of free nations.nHe addresses different groups of allied nations

5、 or would-be allies, as well as the United Nations.10nHe turns to his enemy, warning that the U.S. is prepared to oppose any foe at all costs, so theyd better negotiate and cooperate with U.S.nHe appeals to his countrymen and citizens of the world for support and sacrifice in order to defend human r

6、ights and freedom.11nPresident Kennedys finest masterpiece and one of the best speeches.nIt is a persuasive speech with the clear purpose: to explain, convince and persuade the people that what he is saying and what he is planning to do best represent their interests so they should support him.12Det

7、ailed Study of the Text13. Background Information 1. Brief Introduction to John Kennedy On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was killed by an assassins bullets as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was the youngest m

8、an elected President; he was the youngest to die. 142Inaugurationnthe peaceful transfer of power from one individual to another ngoing back to President George Washington the induction of the new president was scheduled on March 4, every fourth year since 179315nit has taken place on January 20 sinc

9、e 1937nthe inaugural ball in 1809nfour or five ballrooms in Washington16 3. Solemn Oath “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”17. Learn

10、ing FocusTo understand the political backgroundTo appreciate the biblical and ancient Roman style writings and allusionsnTo understand a round-about way in vague terms to convey political views which are not openly stated1819. Key words and Expressions1. inaugural: a. of an inaugurationninauguration

11、 (n.), inaugurate (v.)nthe professors inaugural lecture2. symbolize: v. to be a symbol of; stand for-In Europe, the color white symbolizes purity.203. signify: v. to be a sign or indication of; mean -Recent changes in climate may signify that global warming is starting to have an effect.4. almighty:

12、 a. having unlimited power; all-powerful -Almighty God / Father215. prescribe: v. to set down as a rule or direction; order -what punishment does the law prescribe for corruption?6. abolish: v. to do away with completely; put an end to; -The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.227. temper

13、: v. to strengthen through experience or hardship; toughen -Those soldiers had been tempered by combat.8. discipline: v. to subject to discipline; train; control -Students must learn to discipline themselves. 239. oppose: v. to resist; withstand; -Many members of the council opposed the building of

14、the luxury houses in the center of the city.10. assure:v. to make (difficult thing) certain; guarantee -I can assure you of the reliability of the news.2411. venture: n. a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks -a joint venture12. iron: a. cruel, merciless -iron disc

15、ipline2513. renew: v. to go over again; say again; repeat -I renewed my spirits in the country.14. forum: n. assembly for the discussion of public matters or current questions -The letter page of this newspaper is a forum for public argument.2615. shield: n. any person or thing that guards, protect

16、or defends16. unleash: v. to release or let go from or as from a leash leash: n. (lead esp. AmE) -All dogs must be kept on a leash in public places. leash: v. to control an animal, esp. a dog, with lead or leash2717. stay: v. restrain -The government tries to stay the progress of the disease.18. inv

17、oke: v. to ask solemnly for; beg for; implore -I invoked their forgiveness.2819. eradicate: v. to get rid of; wipe out; destroy -Their goal was to eradicate the poverty in the countryside.20. testimony: n. form of evidence, indication; proof -These results are a testimony to your hard work.2921. shr

18、ink: v. to avoid or wish to avoid taking action; be reluctant; withdraw -A shy man shrinks from meeting strangers.22. at issue: in dispute; to be decided; in disagreement -What is at issue is the extent to which exam results reflect a students ability.3023. at odds: in disagreement; quarrelling; ant

19、agonistic -He was at odds with his colleagues.24. cast off: to discard; abandon -The town is still trying to cast off its dull image.31. Explanation of the TextPara.1: Kennedy emphasizes the importance of his election as president. It is not simply a victory of the Democratic Party over the Republic

20、an Party. It celebrates the freedom of people to elect freely their own head of the state. It symbolizes the end of one presidential term and the beginning of new one. The presidency is continued, but the president has changed. 32Para.2: Not only the administration has been changed, but the world ha

21、s changed a lot.Para.3: Kennedy exhorts his countrymen and forcefully declares his determination to “pay any price” to defend human right and liberty at home and around the world.33Para.4: Like the preceding one, Kennedy addresses to friend and foe at the same time. It promise to support any friend

22、and oppose any foe.Para.5: transition from the general countries to specific ones.34Para.6: It refers to those old allies with the same cultural and spiritual origins, esp. English speaking countries, such as Canada, Britain, Australia, New Zealand etc.35Paras.7&8: Kennedy addresses the governments

23、and people of newly independent countries, the third world developing countries. He promise to give them economic aid but warn them not to go over the Communist.36Para.9: Kennedy addresses all the countries lying to South of the U.S. in central and south America. The U.S has always tried to dominate

24、 these countries and has quite often interfered in their internal affair.37Para.10: Kennedy pledges his support to United Nations.Para.11-13: Kennedy addresses his enemy. He points out the destructive power of war and put forward proposal for arms control negotiation, cooperation in fields of scienc

25、e and space exploration.38Para.14-20: Kennedy puts forward his different proposals by employing the parallel structures throughout these paragraphs.39Para.21-27: Kennedy appeals to his fellow Americans to support him and be ready to do everything they can, even to sacrifice their lives, if necessary

26、, for their country.40Main PointsThe Appropriate Use of Wordsa. “To our sister republics” (para.9)b. “ make themselves adversary” (para. 11)411. Three ways to sway people 1) through evidence and reasoning; 2) through his own credibility; 3) through appeals to the peoples basic social, biological, an

27、d psychological needs, wants, and desires422. The deliberate use of a pseudo-Roman style and Biblical language a. “ and yet the same revolutionary from the hand of God.” (para.2) b. “Let the world go forth from this time and place (para.3)43 c. “to strengthen its shield of the new, which its writ ma

28、y run.” (para.10) d. “And so, my fellow Americans your country.” (para.25)44. Division of the TextnPart 1 nParas.1-5 : a general statement of basic policy goals.nPart 2 nParas.6-9 : Kennedy addresses different groups of allied nations or would-be allies.45nPart 3nParas.11-19: Kennedy speaks to his e

29、nemy.nPart 4nParas. 21-27: Kennedy appeals to his countrymen for support and sacrifice.46Summary of the Text47. The Writing StylenWell organized and highly rhetoricalnVarious figures of speech nThe appropriate use of words, parallel and balanced structures48nRepetition of important words and phrases

30、, and antithesisnDeliberate use of a pseudo-Roman style or Biblical language in some places49Summary of the Text-one of the best inaugural addresses-its object: to explain, convince and persuade people that what he is saying and planning to do best represents their interests so they should support h

31、im 50-addressing a worldwide audience and appealing not only to the American people but also to the different groups of nations in the international community51-consisting of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion-extremely well organized, highly rhetorical and full of logical reasoning and

32、emotional appeal52-various figures of speech -the appropriate use of words, -some structural rhetorical devices: parallel and balanced structures, repetition of important words and phrases-antithesis -for the sake of force, vividness and emotional appeal53Features of the Speech-Mostly persuasion wit

33、h very little explanation-To rely chiefly on a successful appeal to emotions-No time to cite facts and reasons which could convince-First to understand the psychology of the audience to whom he is directing his words54-To employ suitable rhetorical devices and words to create the desired emotional i

34、mpact-Successful when the audience is excited and does not have much time to think or when the audience is ready susceptible to the message of the speaker-Political demagogy relies on emotional appeal for its success55. Rhetorical Devicesnalliteration:nfriend and foe (para.3)npay any price, bear any

35、 burden56nmetaphor:ntorch-inspiration and idealsnriding the back of tiger-seeking the aid of the socialist countriesnthe master of its own house-Americanthat fire can truly light the world-the energy, faith, devotion of American people57nparallel:nverb phrase-pay any price, meet any hardship, suppor

36、t any friend, and oppose any foe. (para.4)nParas.6, 7, 8, 10, 11 begin with the same type of phrases: To those old alliesnParas.15, 16,17, 18 begin with the same type of phrases: Let both sides58nrepetition:n“all forces” and “belief” (para2)n“committed” (para.3)n“good” and “free” (para9)n“beyond dou

37、bt” (para12)59nantithesis:n A figure of speech which assumes a balanced structure and emphasizes a contrast in meaning by placing antonyms in parallel position, generally to produce a sound rhythm, and expresses great wisdom through brevity. 60nantithesis:n“United, there is little, Divided, there is

38、 little.” (para.6)n“If a free society cannotwho are rich” (para.8)n“Let both sides exploredivide us.” (para.15)n“ask not what your country can do for youfor your country” (para.25)n“ not as a call to battle,.” (para. 22)61nsynecdoche: n“that stay the hand of mankinds final war.” (para.13)nrhetorical

39、 question: n“Can we forge against for all mankind?” (para.23)62Exercises63. ExercisesnOral PresentationnMake a five-minute presentation in class based on your research.nSuggested topics:n 1. The position of John F. Kennedy in American historyn 2. The Cold War64nDiscriminate between these synonyms.n1

40、. mortal, fatal, deadly, lethaln2. faithful, loyal, constant, staunch, resolute65n1. mortal, fatal, deadly, lethalnFatal if used to describe anything that is capable of causing or that actually has caused death; it carries a strong suggestion of the inevitability of fate nAn illness which might not

41、be serious for a young person, but which will almost certainly prove fatal to an old person.66nDeadly is interchangeable with fatal in this sense. nLeukemia is a deadly diseasenDeadly, however, in a way that fatal cannot, can refer to a person who desires or seeks to cause the death of another perso

42、n.n The murdered man had many deadly enemies.67nMortal, like deadly, can be applied both to things or people that cause, are capable of causing, or seek to cause someones death.n (Because of an ancient family feud, the two cousins had been mortal enemies from birth). 68nIn its reference to things, m

43、ortal differs from fatal and deadly only in the fact that it is usually found in contexts which detail a death that has already occurred.n He was struck down by a mortal blow upon the head.69nLethal refers to something which, because of some intrinsic quality in its make-up, is certain to cause deat

44、h, and may indeed exist for the express purposes of causing death.nCyanide is a lethal poison. 70nWith the exception of lethal, all these words can be used to describe something that causes great fear or discomfort, or that brings about disaster or ruin, but that dose not lead to physical death.na f

45、atal mistake; a deadly insult; in mortal terror.71n2. faithful, loyal, constant, staunch, resolutenFaithful implies continued, steadfast adherence to a person or thing to which one is bound by an oath, duty, obligation, etc. na faithful wife or husband 72nloyal implies undeviating allegiance to a person, cause, institution, etc. which one feels morally bound to support or defendna loyal friendnconstant suggests freedom from fickleness in affections or loyalties na constant lover73nstaunch (or stanch) implies such strong allegiance to ones principles or purpose as not to tu