（推薦）上海初中英語動詞不定式精講精練

1、上海初中英語動詞不定式精講精練動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構(gòu)成形式為to+動詞原形，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等1.作主語動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.騎自行車到那兒將花費我們半個小時。To

2、 make up for lost time is not possible.要彌補失去的時光是不可能的。To lean out of the window is dangerous.身子探出窗外很危險。To save money now seems impossible.現(xiàn)在好像不可能存錢。(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：It+be+名詞+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old.這是照顧老人是我們的責(zé)任。It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take

3、 you to finish the work?你花了多少時間來完成這項工作嗎？It+be+形容詞+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.我們難以在四分之一小時內(nèi)完成這篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.It is an offence to drop litter in the street.在馬路上亂丟廢物是違章的。It seems(a

4、ppears)+形容詞+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當(dāng)于Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my

5、 English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It + 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/find/think和wonder之后He thought it would be safer to go by train.他認(rèn)為乘火車比較安全。He will find it is hard to make friends.他會感覺到交朋友困難。不定式的完成式也可作句子的主語To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.兩次犯同樣的錯誤是不可

6、原諒的。It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.愛過而后失去了愛，比從未愛過要好。(3)舉例（1） Its easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enoughIts so nice to hear

7、 your voice.聽到你的聲音真高興。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.當(dāng)你不用車的時候，鎖車是有必要的。（2） Its very kind of him to help us.他幫助我們，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考慮周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我們真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。I

8、t seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不給他們?nèi)魏螙|西，這顯得太自私了。注意：（1） 其他系動詞如，look，appear等也可用于此句型（2） 不定式作為句子成分時，動詞用單數(shù)形式。（3） 當(dāng)不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時，不能用It is to的句型(對)To see is to believe.眼見為實。(錯)It is to believe to see.練習(xí)1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. clean

9、s(甘肅省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)3作賓語1) 以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語aff

10、ord （付得起），agree（同意），aim(力求做到)，appear（顯得），arrange（安排），ask（要求），attempt （試圖），care（想要），choose（決定），claim（聲稱），condescend（屈尊），consent（準(zhǔn)許），decide（決定），demand（要求），determine（決心），endeavor（竭力），expect（期待），fail（未履行），help（幫助），hesitate（猶豫），hope（希望），learn（學(xué)會），manage（設(shè)法），neglect（疏忽），offer（主動提出），plan（計劃），prepare（準(zhǔn)備），pr

11、etend（假裝），proceed（接著做），promise（答應(yīng)），prove（證明），refuse（拒絕），resolve（解決），seem（覺得好像），swear（發(fā)誓），tend（往往會），threaten（預(yù)示），undertake（承諾），volunteer（自愿做），vow（發(fā)誓），want（想要），wish（希望）舉例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。2） 動詞+疑問詞+ 不

12、定式decide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tellPlease show us how to do that. 請演示給我們?nèi)绾稳プ?。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意：疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The question is how to

13、 put it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。3)當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語+動詞+it+補語+to do句式。如：We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.I find it difficult to learn English well.練習(xí)：1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C.

14、 to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)4作補語1) 動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)adviseallowbelievecausechallengecompeldeclareencouragefor

15、bidforcefindhireinduce instructinvitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequireselectsendsupposetelltrainurge例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty.我們相信他是有罪的。練習(xí)1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A.

16、help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)5 Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有g(shù)et，have。I found him lying on the ground.I found it impo

17、rtant to learn.I found that to learn English is important.6典型例題：The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying答案：A.find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補足語作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達主動，也表達正在進行，過去分詞表達被動。2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補語的動詞。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(聲稱),discover, fancy(設(shè)想),feel,fi

18、nd,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解), show,suppose,take(以為),understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。7典型例題:Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：A. 由consider to do

19、 sth. 排除B、D，此句只說明發(fā)明這一個事實，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時，發(fā)明為點動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。3) to be +形容詞Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。4)there be+不定式believe,expect,intend,like

20、,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我們沒料到會有那么多人在哪里。有些動詞需用as 短語做補語，如regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我們認(rèn)為湯姆是我們最好的老師。Mary took him as her father .瑪麗把他當(dāng)作自己的父親。5)禿頭不定式作補語禿頭不定式， 即不帶“to”的不定式，其語法功能一般在句子中作賓語的補語（賓語補足語）。用禿頭不

21、定式作賓語補足語的常用動詞如下：口訣：“五看、三使役“，“兩聽、一感”要記住，若是“賓補”變“主補”，主補“to”字不能無。動詞let屬例外，其賓補/主補“to”均無。說明：五看-see/watch/notice/observe/look at；三使役-have/make/let；兩聽-hear/listen to；一感-feel。例句：I often see him go to school on foot.(禿頭不定式作賓語補足語) He is often seen to go to school on foot.(不定式作主語補足語，要帶“to”) Let him try again.-

22、 He is let try again.(let的主補與賓補均用禿頭不定式)練習(xí)：1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to w

23、ake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D. did (貴州省)8作表語不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.What I w

24、ould suggest is to put off the meeting.當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例）。當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例），不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。Our work is serving the people.What he likes is taking a walk after supper.The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)

25、換，如Serving thepeople is our work,而句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應(yīng)與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開來。9作狀語（1）目的狀語To only to (僅僅為了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飛快地跑以便趕上第一班車。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我來僅僅是向你告別。（2）作結(jié)果狀語，表事先沒有預(yù)料到的，要放在句子后面。What

26、have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.（3)表原因Im glad to see you.典型例題The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on答案：B.如果不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。當(dāng)動詞與介詞連用時，常位于“形容詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的末尾。練習(xí)：1. She went _ her teacher.A. to se

27、e B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother wa

28、s very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子) The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ en

29、ough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省)10作定語不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?Do you have anything to say on the question?Would you please give me some paper to write on?My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短語作定

30、語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系：(1)表示將來的動作（例）。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例）。(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍用主動語態(tài)（例）；如只有動賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例）。(4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例to arrive=that will arrive。練習(xí)：1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of h

31、omework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)區(qū)別聯(lián)系1 動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別動名詞表達的是：狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)，心境，抽象，經(jīng)常性，已發(fā)生的不定式表達的是：目的，結(jié)果，原因，具體，一次性，將發(fā)生的2 接不定式或動名詞，意義相同3在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：hate,like,love前有would(should)時，如：Id like to have a cup of coffe

32、e.當(dāng)謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時，如：The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：I soon began to understand what was happening.advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或帶不定式作賓語補足語。如：Our teachers dont permit our/us swimming in

33、the lake.Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：Dont forget to post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?Remember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing

34、 him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.語義不同1stop to do（停止做某事） stop doing（停止正在做某事）2 forget to do（忘記去做某事）forget doing（忘記做了某事）3remember to do（記得要去做某事）remember doing（記得做過某事）4 regret to do（遺憾做某事）

35、regret doing（遺憾做了某事）5cease to docease doing6 try to do（努力做某事） try doing（試著做某事）7go on to do（繼續(xù)去做某事）go on doing（繼續(xù)做某事）8 afraid to do（擔(dān)心做某事）afraid doing（擔(dān)心正在做的事）9interested to do（對做某事感興趣）interested doing（對正在做的感興趣）10 mean to do（打算做某事）mean doing（做某事很有意義）11 begin/ start to do（開始去做某事）begin/ start doing（開始做

36、某事）1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to wr

37、ite C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)題1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ nece

38、ssary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. bu

39、ying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaningB. to be cleaned C. cleanD. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit h

40、im C. visiting himD. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the

41、meeting. I dont know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭） He was strong _

42、_ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hop

43、es that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _ _ for yourself? 13.We dont know

44、what we shall do next. We dont know what _ _ next. 14.Im very sorry on hearing the bad news. Im very sorry _ _ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a b

45、ike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. 20.“Dont make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me _ _ _ any noise.鞏固提高題1. This company was the first _ port

46、able radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music

47、.A .making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D .to make herself heard4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the f

48、ilm stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A .dont make B. not make C. not making D .not to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had be

49、en ordered _clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else.A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in

50、 broad daylight yesterday.A. robbed B. to have been robbedC. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire.A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great suc

51、cess.A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time.A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time.A. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not

52、 having15. Will you lend him a magazine _?A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now.A. to solveB. solvingC. being solvedD. to be solving18. Theres a man at the recepti