（推薦）初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、初中語法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1. 過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如：1）I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成）2）He has already come 他已經(jīng)來了。（過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2. 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：1）I have studied English for six years. 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。 （六年前開始學(xué)

2、英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在, 也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。）2）I have lived in Shenyang since 1990. 我從1990年就在沈陽住。（從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。）二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu) 1）肯定式：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 2）否定式: 主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞 3）一般疑問式 Have / Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 4）特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞 簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + havent/has

3、nt.(否定)三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語1. 以already, just和yet（用于否定和疑問句）為標(biāo)志 already, just和yet表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。 1) He has already got her help.他已經(jīng)得到了她的幫助。 2) He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看完電影 3) He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。 4) Have you heard the news yet?注意：當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just 時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already 或just 去掉

4、，在句末加上yet。例如：I have already seen the film. - I havent seen the film yet.He has just come. -He hasnt come yet.2. 以ever（曾經(jīng)）（用于否定和疑問句）和never（從不）為標(biāo)志 ever和never表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。 1) He has never been to Beijing. 他從未去過北京。 2) - Have you ever climbed that mountain? 你爬過那座山嗎？ - Yes, several times. 是的，爬過幾

5、次。3. 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志，如：once(一次), twice(兩次), three times(三次)等，可以用How many times提問，謂語多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 若某一動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次，則要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 1) He says he has been to the U.S.A. three times. 他說他去過三次美國。 2) - How many times have you ever been to England? 你曾經(jīng)去過英國幾次？ - Only once. 只去過一次。4. 以for和since為標(biāo)志，可以用how long提問，謂語多用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

6、 當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for 或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。 for+時(shí)間段 since+過去某一時(shí)刻例如：Ive known Li Li for 4 years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。I have worked here since 8 years ago. 自從8年前我就在這工作。4、 注意事項(xiàng)。1.“have/ has got ” 形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意思“有”。e.g：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have. 你有筆友嗎？是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? No, he h

7、asnt.他有許多工作要做嗎？不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和have/has been in的區(qū)別。have/ has gone to 去了（人還未回來）have/ has been to 曾經(jīng)去過（人已經(jīng)回來了）have/ has been in 呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）He has been to Shenyang before. 他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years. 他在沈陽10年了。Has he gone to Shenyang? 他去沈陽了嗎？( B ) I you

8、 for a long time. Where you ? A.didnt seen, did, go B.didnt see, have, gone C.havent seen, have, been D.havent seen, have, gone3. have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever連用，have/ has gone to則不可。1) Has Tom ever been to Paris? 湯姆去過巴黎嗎？ Yes, hes been there many times. 是的，他去過好幾次了。2) Where have they g

9、one? 他們?nèi)ツ睦锪耍?Theyve gone to Shenyang. 他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或稱作終止性動(dòng)詞)不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。 這類動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。arrive, come be here, be in buy havebegin, start be on die be dead get up be up leave, move be away； go out be

10、 out borrowkeepfinish/end be over open be openclose be closed join be a member of( B )- How long he a fever? - Ever since last night. A.have, got B.have, had C.have, caught D.did, have五、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞變化形式：(一)規(guī)則變化通常動(dòng)詞的過去分詞和他的過去式是一樣的，在動(dòng)詞后面加ed構(gòu)成過去分詞。(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-vis

11、ited (2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped (2) 不規(guī)則變化一過去分詞詞尾有字母-n1過去分詞由原形加-ne構(gòu)成do-did-donego-went-gone2過去分詞由原形加-en構(gòu)成beat-beat-

12、beateneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallen3過去分詞由原形加-n構(gòu)成blow-blew-blowndraw-drew-drawndrive-drove-drivengive-gave-givengrow-grew-grownknow-knew-knowntake-took-takenmistake-mistook-mistakenrise-rose-risensee-saw-seenshow-showed-shownthrow-threw-thrown4過去分詞由原形去字母e后，再雙寫后面的輔音字母加-en構(gòu)成（例外）hide-hid-hiddenride-rode

13、-riddenwrite-wrote-written forget-forgot-forgotten5過去分詞由過去式加-n構(gòu)成break-broke-brokenchoose-chose-chosenfreeze-froze-frozenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen6完全不規(guī)則形式am / is-was-been are-were-been fly-flew-flownlie-lay-lain wear-wore-worn二過去式與過去分詞形式相同bring-brought-broughtbuild-built-builtbuy-bought-bo

14、ughtcatch-caught-caughtdig-dug-dugfeel-felt-feltfind-found-foundget-got-gothave / has-had-hadhold-held-heldkeep-kept-kept leave-left-leftlay-laid-laidlend-lent-lentlose-lost-lost pay-paid-paidhear-heard -heard make-made-mademean-meant-meantmeet-met-metsay-said-saidsell-sold-soldsend-sent-sentsit-sat

15、-satsleep-slept-sleptsmell-smelt-smeltspend-spent-spentspill-spilt-spiltspit-spat-spatspoil-spoilt-spoiltstand-stood-stoodsweep-swept-sweptteach-taught-taughttell-told-toldthink-thought-thought win-won-wonunderstand-understood-understoodwake-woke / waked-woken / wakedshine-shone / shined-shone / shi

16、ned hang-hung / hanged-hung / hanged learn-learnt / learned-learnt / learned三原形、過去式與過去分詞三種形式完全相同cost-cost-costcut-cut-cuthit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurtlet-let-letput-put-put set-set-setshut-shut-shutread /ri:d/-read /red/-read /red/四i-a-u變化形式begin-began-begundrink-drank-drunkring-rang-rungsing-sang-sungs

17、ink-sank-sunkswim-swam-swum五過去分詞與原形相同come-came-comerun-ran-run become-became-become六情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（沒有過去分詞形式）can-could must-mustwill-would may-might shall-should初中英語常用不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式與過去分詞原形過去式過去分詞過去分詞詞尾有ne或en或ndodiddonegowentgonebeatbeatbeateneatateeatenfallfellfallenblowblewblowndrawdrewdrawndrivedrovedrivengivegav

18、egivengrowgrewgrownknowknewknowntaketooktakenmistakemistookmistakenriseroserisenseesawseenshowshowedshownthrowthrewthrownhidehidhiddenrideroderiddenwritewrotewrittenbreakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenstealstolestolenam / iswasbeenarewerebeenflyflew

19、flownlielaylainwearworeworn過去式與過去分詞形式相同過去式與過去分詞形式相同bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuiltbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundgetgotgothanghung / hangedhung / hangedhave / hashadhadholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlaylaidlaidlearnlearnt / learnedlearnt / learnedleaveleftleftlendlent

20、lentloselostlost原形過去式過去分詞hearheard heard makemademademeanmeantmeantmeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldsendsentsentshineshone / shinedshone / shinedsitsatsatsleepsleptsleptsmellsmeltsmeltspendspentspentspillspiltspiltspitspatspatspoilspoiltspoiltstandstoodstoodsweepsweptsweptteachtaughttaugh

21、ttelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwakewoke / wakedwoken / wakedwinwonwon三個(gè)形式全相同costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletletletputputputread /ri:d/read /red/read /red/setsetsetshutshutshuti-a-u形式beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungsinksanksunkswimswam

22、swumbecomebecamebecomecomecamecomerunranrun情態(tài)動(dòng)詞cancouldmustmustwillwouldmaymightshallshould注意區(qū)別catch, bring, think, buy, teach這幾個(gè)詞的過去式與過去分詞初二現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。( )1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know( )2、He has _ been to Shang

23、hai , has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D.still( )3、Have you met Mr Li _? A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago( )4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written( )5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has cha

24、nged ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better( )6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying( )7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew( )8、Harry Potter

25、 is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see( )9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone ( )10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have

26、; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish( )11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in( )12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( )13、How long have you

27、 _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived( )14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began( )15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was( )16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has go

28、ne B. went C.will go D. has been( )17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to C

29、hina? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university( )21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. ha

30、s been away D. had been away( )22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in( )23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened( )24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D.

31、 have become( )25.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left( )26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over( )27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught( )28.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has bee

32、n B. has become C. was D. became( )29. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned( )30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead( )31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept( )32.He _ the car for a week. A. bough

33、t B. has bought C. has had ( )33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been( )34.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from( )35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take( )36.The bus _

34、 on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been( )37.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on( )38.He _ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up( )39. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has ca

35、ught D. has had( )40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 2、 They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、Thi

36、s factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory for twenty years.5、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父親以前到過長城。 4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。 5、 她去過上海。 6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），