初三英語-主謂一致

1、華樂思在線教學(xué)直播課堂華樂思在線教學(xué)直播課堂馬上開始馬上開始請同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備好筆和紙，認(rèn)真聽講請同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備好筆和紙，認(rèn)真聽講主講教師：張漱玉主講教師：張漱玉北京回民學(xué)校英語高級教師北京回民學(xué)校英語高級教師 。宣武區(qū)骨干。宣武區(qū)骨干教師，課程改革試驗(yàn)先進(jìn)個(gè)人。所教英語試教師，課程改革試驗(yàn)先進(jìn)個(gè)人。所教英語試驗(yàn)班成績突出，歷次考試均在區(qū)里名列前茅。驗(yàn)班成績突出，歷次考試均在區(qū)里名列前茅。 主謂一致主謂一致Agreement of Subject and Verb 謂語受主語支配，必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致主謂一致。 主謂一致一般遵循三條原則： 語法一致原則語法一致原則 意義一致原則

2、意義一致原則 就近一致原則就近一致原則語法一致原則語法一致原則 語法一致原則是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致， 即通常情況下， 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定， 主語為單數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式， 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1. 以以單數(shù)名詞或代詞單數(shù)名詞或代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)用單數(shù) ： He goes to school early every morning. Is your mother a worker ? A sheep is running along the river. 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語及短語作主語及動(dòng)

3、名詞動(dòng)名詞短語短語做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù); To work hard is necessary for a student.Seeing is believing.Reading in the morning is good for learning English. To serve the country is our duty. To become doctors is their ambition.Reading without comprehension is no good. 主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù) The children

4、are playing outside. They have gone to Chengdu . Things are invented when the need is great enough. 2.由由and或或bothand連接的并列成分作主連接的并列成分作主 語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Both he and I are right. Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom. Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡膠塑料和橡膠從不腐爛。從不腐爛。 What he says and

5、 what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。他言行不一致。Both Tom and I are fond of medicine . 我和湯姆都喜歡醫(yī)學(xué)。我和湯姆都喜歡醫(yī)學(xué)。 但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?；蛲桓拍?，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 The worker and writer has come. 這位工人作家來了。這位工人作家來了。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)處能看見有一套馬車。遠(yuǎn)處能看見有一套馬車。 Truth and honesty

6、 is the best policy. 真誠是最好的策略。真誠是最好的策略。 Bread and butter is a daily food in the west. Ham and eggs is often preferred to hamburgers. The manager and secretary was present at the meeting. 3.由由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由別由each, every修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。單數(shù)形式。 In our country every boy and e

7、very girl has the right to receive education. Each man and each woman is asked to help.Every man，woman, and child is entitled to take part in the activity. Each pen and each paper is found in its place. Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here. No teacher and no student is excused(免于免于) fro

8、m taking part in the activity. Each boy and each girl was congratulated. Every hour and every minute is important. Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. No teacher and no student is admitted. 4.主語是單數(shù)時(shí)，盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介詞

9、短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. Nobody but two boys was late for class. A woman with two children has come. 5. 一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： People in Beijing are busy getting ready for the Olympics. The police are looking

10、for the lost boy. The police have caught the murderer兇手兇手. People here are very friendly. The police are having a meeting 6.由each, some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。 Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone. There was nothing special then. 那時(shí)沒什么特別情況。那時(shí)沒什么特別情況。 7.有兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，如glasses,

11、 shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Where are my shoes? I cant find them Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them. 如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式往往取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如 Here are some new pairs of shoes. My new pair of socks is on the bed. 主語前加表示“單位、度量”的短語如“a kind (sort /

12、 type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / quantity / ton / metre / )of”等時(shí)，表示“單位、度量”的這個(gè)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語形式。 There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的紙（書）了。只剩下少量的紙（書）了。Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水。需要大量的水。This kind of apple is sweet. 這種蘋果甜這種蘋果甜。These kin

13、ds of apples are sweet . Apples of this kind are sweet . 8. 8. 以以-ics-ics結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí)，如結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞指一門學(xué)科時(shí)，如politics(politics(政治學(xué)政治學(xué)) )，mathematics(mathematics(數(shù)學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)) )，statistics(statistics(統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)) )，physics(physics(物理物理 ) )，linguistics(linguistics(語言學(xué)語言學(xué)) )等，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)等，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：形式。例如： Mathematics is h

14、is favouriteMathematics is his favourite subject subject 考題分析考題分析： 1. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been A 2.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river

15、 every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006遼寧)A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going C3.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海)A. work B. working C. is working D. are working C4 The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiti

16、ng a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京)A. was B. were C. had been D. would be A5. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (1990)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered A6. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painti

17、ng tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇)A. is B. are C. was D. were A7 _ parents say and do has a life-long affect on their children. (2007陜西)A. That B. Which C. What D. As C 意義一致的原則意義一致的原則 意義一致原則是指不依語法形式而側(cè)意義一致原則是指不依語法形式而側(cè)重于依據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)意義處理主謂關(guān)系，重于依據(jù)實(shí)質(zhì)意義處理主謂關(guān)系， 根據(jù)主根據(jù)主語所表達(dá)的實(shí)際含義確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。語所表達(dá)的實(shí)際含義確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。 1.表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格

18、、度量衡等的名詞作表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 Twenty years is not a long time. Ten dollars is too dear.Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job. Twenty years is a long period of his life. Five thousand dollars is more than I can afford. Ten miles is a long way to walk. 當(dāng)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中的數(shù)詞

19、作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用當(dāng)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中的數(shù)詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，但若用了單復(fù)數(shù)均可，但若用了plus， minus， multiplied或或divide時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞多用equals. Two fours are eight. 6 multiplied by 3 equals 18. Four from five leaves one. 2.有些集合名詞，如family, team等作主語時(shí)，如作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如指其中每個(gè)成員，則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： My family is big one. My family are watching TV.Our fam

20、ily is a happy one. 我們有個(gè)幸福的家庭。The family are early risers. 這家人都起得The basketball team consists of 20 players.（指整個(gè)球隊(duì)） The basketball team are having a bath now.（指籃球隊(duì)的隊(duì)員） 3.不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時(shí)，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果代詞代表復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果代詞代表單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 All of the wo

21、rk has been finished. All of the people have gone. 不定代詞each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other 等常作單數(shù)用。它們所修飾的主語也作單數(shù)。 Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . Either of the rooms is big enough. 兩個(gè)房間中的任何一間都夠大。Neither plan suits me .Neither of the plans suits me . 兩個(gè)計(jì)劃都不適合我

22、。4.疑問代詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也有兩種情況：主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語表示單數(shù)意義，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Who is your brother? Who are League members? Which is your room? 哪是你的房間？ Which are your rooms? 哪幾間是你們的房間？ 5.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women. Three fo

23、urths of the surface of the earth is sea.6.half, the rest等表示不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語時(shí)，如果所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果所指為單數(shù)意義，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult. Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.Half of the guests were here. Half of the apple is bad. 這

24、只蘋果壞了一半Half of the apples are bad. 蘋果中有一半是壞的。 All of the paint is fine. All of the students are working hard. A lot of money is spent on tobacco煙草煙草every year. A lot of things have been done by her since yesterday. Most of his spare time was spent in reading. Most of the houses in this town are new.

25、 None of the money is mine. None of us have/has been to Xian. 7.由主語從句作主語時(shí)，通常謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但如果所指內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 How and why he left was a sad story . 他離開的經(jīng)過和原因是一段傷心的經(jīng)歷。 What she said is correct. What she left me are a few old books. What that country needs is more jobs and lower taxes. 8.凡是以凡是以“定冠詞定冠

26、詞+形容詞（或分詞）形容詞（或分詞）”作主作主語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)語，往往根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指的是一個(gè)人或抽象概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。人或抽象概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. The dead is a famous person.9.事件、國名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、書籍及其它作品事件、國名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、書籍及其它作品的名稱作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞均

27、用單數(shù)形式。的名稱作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)形式。 The United Nations was formed in 1945. Great Expectation is a very famous novel. 10. the number of (的數(shù)量)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The number of students is increasing every year in the school. a number （group） of（許多）做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A number of people are in the meeting room now. A nu

28、mber of students in this class are from Sichuan. The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 課間休息五分鐘課間休息五分鐘考題解析考題解析考題1 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. (2007江西) A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are B考題2 T

29、he company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (2006浙江)A. is B. are C. was D. were D考題3 _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. (2000上海)A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

30、C考題4 Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons. (2006安徽)A. are B. is C. being D. to be B考題5 With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. (2005山東)A. is washing away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away D考題6

31、Strangely enough, a pair of new trousers _ among the rubbish. (1999)A. were found B. was found C. has found D. have found B考題7 As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ rising these days. (2006) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keepingC考題8 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially tho

32、se from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)A. is working B. works C. work D. workedC 鄰近一致的原則鄰近一致的原則 鄰近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和鄰近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。數(shù)與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。 1.主語是由or, either . or ., nor, neither . nor ., not . but ., not only . but also . 等連接的并列主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依照靠近它的主語而定 E

33、ither you or I am right. Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，不是你， 而是你父親該受責(zé)備。而是你父親該受責(zé)備。 One or two friends are coming this evening. 今天晚上有一兩個(gè)朋友要來。 What I say or what I think is no business of yours. 我所說的或者我所想的與你們沒關(guān)系。 Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.Neither I nor he is

34、 to blame責(zé)備責(zé)備. Neither you nor I am wrong. Not only you but also he is wrong. Not only the teacher but also his students object to反對反對the change. Not only his friends, but also he himself is looking forward to the holding of the party. 2）在“There be” 句型中,真正的主語在be之后， 如果there be后存在并列的主語， 系動(dòng)詞be應(yīng)與它相鄰的主語保

35、持一致，謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. There is a book and some pens on the desk. 3. as well as （還，并且) rather than（而不是）和名詞連用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞和第一個(gè)名詞相一致。 He as well as I is responsible for it. 不但是我，他對這件事也有責(zé)任。 I as well as they am ready to help you . 不僅他們，我也愿幫助你。4）以here開頭的句子，其謂語動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語一致。 Here

36、 is a letter and some books for you. Here are some apples and bread for you. Here is a table， some chairs， and a few desks in the room. 強(qiáng)化練習(xí)強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1. Bread and butter _ what Americans usually have for breakfast. A. are B. isC. was D. were2. My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A

37、. race B. races C. is raced D. is racingBB3. Climbing hills _ of great help to health.A. is B. are C. were D. be4. The injured _ good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being takenC. are taking D. is being takenAB5. The factory, including its machines and buildings, _ burnt last night.

38、 A. is B. are C. were D. was6. Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playingDD7. Each boy and girl _given a gift on Christmas Day. A. is B. are C. were D. was 8. The singer and dancer _ come to our school.A. have B. has C. were D. wa

39、sAB9. How and why Jack came to China _ not known. And when and where to build the new library _ not been decided. A. is; has B. are; has C. is; have D. are; haveA10. Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were11. Soon after the earthquake, every man, w

40、oman and child _ about it.A. were talking B. was talking C. talk D. talksBB12. Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second hand car.A. is B. are C. were D. be13. About 60 percent of the students _ from the south; the rest of them _ from the north or foreign countries.A. are;

41、 is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; areAD14. All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A. are B. is C. were D. was15. Not only I but also everyone else _ so.A. say B. says C. have said D. has sayAB16. Either you or he _ interested in playing chess. _ you or he fond of music at present?A. are; Are B. is;

42、Are C. are; Is D. is; Is17. We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.A. have; have B. has; have C. has; has D. have; hasBD18. It is not J. K. Rowling but her works that _ us excited. A. makes B. is made C. make D. are made19. There _ a pen, two pencils, and three books

43、on the desk.A. are B. is C. has D. haveCB 20. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. beB請選擇括號中動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.Neither you nor your sister _(has/have) been working hard. 2.Fifteen percent of the students _(is/are) absent today. 3.One thous

44、and dollars _(is/are) a lot of money to such a little child. hasareis4.Your brother, as well as his friends，_(is/are) very kind to us. 5.What he said _(is/are) reasonable. 6.The class _(is /are) the best in the school. 7.News _(is/are) necessary to our life. isisisis8. Nobody but Jack and Jane _ (ha

45、s/have) made great progress in the class recently. 9.The singer and dancer _(is/are) welcomed warmly by the local people. 10.No teacher and no student _(is/are) listening to the lecture. hasisis選擇填空：選擇填空：1.Neither he nor I _ for the plan. A. were B. is C are D. am2. My family as well as I _ glad to

46、see you. A. was B. is C. are D. amDC3. My father, together with some of his old friends, _ there already. A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been4. There are two roads and either _ to the station. A. is leading B. are leading C. lead D. leadsCD5. Nine plus three _ twelve. A. are making B. is

47、 making C. make D. makes6. Twenty miles _ a long way to cover. A. seem to be B. is C. are D. wereDB7. Very few _ his address in the town. A. has known B. are knowing C. know D. knows8. When and where this took place _ still unknown. A. has B. is C. were D. areCB9. I know that all _ getting on well w

48、ith her. A. were B. are C. is D. was10. The rest of the novel _ very interesting. A. seem B. is C. are D. wereBB11. Our family _ a happy one. A. are B. was C. are D. is12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school. A. was B. were C. is D. areD c13. Jim is the only one of the staff members who _to be promoted(晉升）晉升）. A) are B) have been C) is D) has 14. The students in our school each _ an English dictionary. A.