語法填空解題技巧初探

1、語法填空解題技巧初探Rational ClozeWhich grammar item is the target?1 1、閱讀、理解語篇的能力; ;2 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力; ;3 3、熟練運用語法, ,短語的能力。語法填空考這些語法填空考這些!純空格形式（純空格形式（6 67 7空）空）限定詞限定詞(0-1)(0-1)介詞介詞(1-2)(1-2)代詞代詞(2)(2)連詞連詞(1-2)(1-2)給詞空形式給詞空形式 （3 34 4空）空）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1)(1)形容詞副詞比較級變化形容詞副詞比較級變化(0-1)(0-1)動詞形態(tài)變化動詞形態(tài)變化并列連詞并列連詞名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句引

2、導(dǎo)詞定語從句關(guān)系詞定語從句關(guān)系詞狀語從句連詞狀語從句連詞謂語動詞時態(tài)謂語動詞時態(tài)(1)(1)謂語動詞語態(tài)謂語動詞語態(tài)(0-1)(0-1)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞(1)(1)應(yīng)試策略How do you How do you usually solve this usually solve this problem ?problem ?解題關(guān)鍵：1 把握大意；2 找關(guān)鍵詞；找出句中主語、謂語、連詞找出句中主語、謂語、連詞主語、謂語、連詞主語、謂語、連詞橫線前后詞橫線前后詞 既要符合語意，又要合乎語法！既要符合語意，又要合乎語法！忽略文意，直奔題目！忽略文意，直奔題目！切忌：切忌：原則：原則： Rea

3、d the following sentences and fill in the blanks according to the requirements. Then find out the rules . 給詞空考點講解：給詞空考點講解：1.謂語（時態(tài)謂語（時態(tài)語態(tài)語態(tài)數(shù)）數(shù)）2.非謂語（非謂語（to do-doingdone)3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換詞類轉(zhuǎn)換(名名形形副）副）動詞n1. 時態(tài)nIt (sound) a good idea.nYesterday, I (go) home very late.nI was at home when my mother (come) back.nI (l

4、earn) English for many years.nThey (know) each other since they were little kids.wentcamehave learnedhave knownsoundsn2. 語態(tài)nI (leave) for London on Dec. 9，2009.nMy house (sell) last year.leftwas soldn 括號內(nèi)給出動詞的原形，做題時首先找出句子的主干，確定主句，如果缺謂語，就要根要根據(jù)上下文語境和意思確定動詞的據(jù)上下文語境和意思確定動詞的n數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)。n數(shù)數(shù) 謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)n時態(tài)時

5、態(tài) 時間詞，提示詞，主將從現(xiàn)， 虛擬語氣n語態(tài)語態(tài) 主動與被動應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略 如果如果空格前是助動詞空格前是助動詞（will, shall等）、等）、情情態(tài)動詞態(tài)動詞（can, may, must等）或是等）或是動詞加動詞加to的的形式形式，則，則空格一定是空格一定是 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是have的各種形式的各種形式，則想到，則想到構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是be的各種形式的各種形式，則想到用，則想到用 。動詞原形動詞原形完成時完成時進行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)進行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài)應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略n3. 非謂語n3.1 做主語和賓語. n （do）exercise is good fo

6、r our health.nSome people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(succeed). nDo you mind me (smoke) ?n3.2 定語 doing & done/ p.p.nI have a car (drive) fast.nThere is a girl (wear) long hair.drivenwearingsmokingto suceedDoingn3.2 狀語nHe is at home, (watch) TV.nAfter

7、(finish) the homework, I will listen to some music.nThe baby is very cute, (take) care of by his mother.n (see) from the window, the mountain is very high.n 3.3 獨立主格nTime (permit), we will take part in the game.watchingfinishingtakenSeen permitting 非謂語動詞，包括非謂語動詞，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式和動詞不定式。形式和動詞不定式。 做

8、題時確定所給出的詞做題時確定所給出的詞與其所修飾的詞或其邏輯主語的關(guān)系。與其所修飾的詞或其邏輯主語的關(guān)系。如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系或表進行，如果與中心詞是主動關(guān)系或表進行， ； 如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系或已發(fā)生，如果與中心詞是被動關(guān)系或已發(fā)生， ； 如果表示將來或目的如果表示將來或目的，一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略一般用動詞不定式。一般用動詞不定式。 再次看空格位置再次看空格位置 句首句首和主語產(chǎn)生關(guān)系；和主語產(chǎn)生關(guān)系； 句中句中一般與前面名詞產(chǎn)生關(guān)系一般與前面名詞產(chǎn)生關(guān)系 ； 名詞nThere are many (flower) in the gar

9、den.nOur (student) are very active.nHis (honest) made his mother very upset.flowersstudentsdishonesty 考察名詞的數(shù)，以及句子的意思考察名詞的數(shù)，以及句子的意思 反義前綴有反義前綴有un-, im- ,dis- ,il- 形容詞&副詞nChina is (big) Japan.nI feel much (good) now.nThe city used to be very quiet, but now it becomes (noisy).nHe is one of (great) man i

10、n the world.nYellow River is the second (long) river in China.n. (fortunate), it was all built on a lie.biggerbetternoisiergreatestlongestUnfortunately 括號內(nèi)給出形容詞或副詞，要括號內(nèi)給出形容詞或副詞，要根根據(jù)上下文語境據(jù)上下文語境確定用確定用原級、比較級還原級、比較級還是最高級形式是最高級形式。應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略形容詞形容詞 修飾名詞修飾名詞/代詞代詞 副詞副詞 修飾動詞修飾動詞/形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/句子句子It is/was +形容詞形容

11、詞 （+for/of sb) +to do詞類轉(zhuǎn)換n1. 系 + 形nShe is so (excite) when she heard the news.n2. 冠 /代+ 形 + 名nMy brother is an (interest) boy.nTo our (amaze), he refused the award.n3. 動 + 副 / 名nHe did the paper (care).nYou have to make a (choose) now.excitedinterestingamazementcarefullychoicen 4. 介 + 名/ 動名詞nWith th

12、e problem solved, I felt proud of my (achieve).nYou can learn English well by ( work) hard.nHe is responsible for their (fail) in the contest.achievementworkingfailure代詞n is important to study hard.nMy friend lily is a kind girl. always helps other people and enjoy in life.nThe Greens live in the co

13、untryside. like the country music very much.nThe dog is very clever, it found the bone . It She herselfThey itself介詞n his help, she finally escaped from the robbers.nOne year later they will graduate this school and begin their new life.n a teacher, he had set a good example for his students.nShe th

14、ought giving up school, but her best friend keep encouraging her.nI was moved her gentle words.With fromAs ofon/upby介詞可位于介詞可位于名詞之前名詞之前。如。如at night, on Sunday等；等； 也可位于也可位于形容詞之后形容詞之后，如，如be interested in, be good at等；等； 還可位于還可位于不及物動詞之后不及物動詞之后，如，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。等。 應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略掌握一些常用介詞的用法、含義

15、和固定掌握一些常用介詞的用法、含義和固定搭配；搭配；限定詞（冠詞，物主代詞，指示詞）nThere is museum opening weekdays.nLucy was deaf by birth, but mother did not give up hope.nShe said and left without a word.aonhernothing 如果空格后是如果空格后是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，就應(yīng)，就應(yīng)該考慮該考慮空格處空格處是否需要填是否需要填不定冠詞不定冠詞(a, (a, an)an)。 如果空格后是序數(shù)詞、最高級或提如果空格后是序數(shù)詞、最高級或提及上文提到過的人或物等時，

16、就應(yīng)該考及上文提到過的人或物等時，就應(yīng)該考慮慮空格處空格處是否需要填是否需要填定冠詞定冠詞(the)(the)。應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略連詞and, but, or, howevernMy mother is very kind everyone likes her very much.nThe guy looks very poor he has a warm heart.nWe planed to go for a picnic this afternoon, , it rained heavily.nDo you like reading books listening to music?and

17、buthowever or連詞 so, because, since, thoughnMy sister is waiting for me, I have to leave now.nHe failed he was too careless.n you dont want to go, we will not call you then.nEveryone goes to school on time the weather is not good today.sobecauseSincethough連詞before, after, since, whennWe were talking

18、the teacher came in.nShe went to bed finishing the homework.nIt would be a month we have a holiday.nI have been in Heyuan I was a little boy/ 2000.whenafterbeforesince連詞 if, unless, until, bothn you can do it, so can I.nI wont leave you you ask me to.nHe will not get back 11 oclock.nThe two girls ar

19、e very close friend, of them are fond of music.nA man should have courage and confidence.If unlessuntilbothboth 空格前后兩個句子都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時，則要空格前后兩個句子都含有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)時，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。 表示遞進：表示遞進：so, for, therefore, thus等；等； further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等；等； but, nevertheless,

20、 however, yet, while, although, though, 等。等。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示因果：表示因果： 表示并列：表示并列：and , or等；等；應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略關(guān)系詞 that, when, where, whose, who, which, whatn He said he would never give inn It is in 1990 he passed away.n He lives in the house window is broken.n I have never been to Shanghai, is a very beautiful c

21、ity.n I like Beijing you can see the Summer Palace.n He is a great man always help others.n Those are we eat.n we found are some books.n Diaoyu Islands belong to China is true.= there is no doubt Diaoyu Islands belong to China.thatwhenwhosewhatwherewhowhichWhat Thatthat 空格前后都是一個句子空格前后都是一個句子, ,做題時做題時

22、應(yīng)該從句子的意義去判斷應(yīng)該從句子的意義去判斷是屬于什是屬于什么類型的復(fù)合句（定語從句、名詞么類型的復(fù)合句（定語從句、名詞性從句或者狀語從句）性從句或者狀語從句），再確定填再確定填什么引導(dǎo)詞。什么引導(dǎo)詞。 應(yīng)試策略應(yīng)試策略如何判斷從句類型？空格前是名詞空格前是及物動詞 空格前是系動詞 空格在句首定語從句定語從句同位語語從句同位語語從句主語從句主語從句狀語從句狀語從句所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)成分不充當(dāng)成分所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)主賓表所填詞在后面句子中充當(dāng)各類狀語賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句判斷狀語從句類型時還可以根據(jù)前后句句子之判斷狀語從句類型時還可以根據(jù)前后句句子之間的意思及邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是什

23、么狀語從句間的意思及邏輯關(guān)系來判斷是什么狀語從句n One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw 1 _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair. As I looked 2 (close) at this girl, I found that she was fixed on her chair. I

24、then realized she had no arms or legs , just a head, a neck and upper body, 3 (dress) in a little white skirt. As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back 4 the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest s

25、mile I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, 5 smile just melted me 6 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of 7 life is all about. She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and 8 _(bring) me into her world; a world of smiles, l

26、ove and 9 _(warm). Im a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught 10 .n One day, about ten years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw 1 _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair. As I looked 2 (close) at this girl, I found that