C51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)項(xiàng)目化教程教學(xué)課件ppt作者李庭貴龍艦涵主編0730C51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)項(xiàng)目化教程思考與習(xí)題詳解

1、c51單片機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)項(xiàng)目化教程思考與習(xí)題詳解項(xiàng)目1 設(shè)計(jì)信號(hào)燈控制系統(tǒng)任務(wù)6 能力拓展1.6.1 led流水燈【控制要求】p0、p2端口的led先從右到左方向依次點(diǎn)亮，再?gòu)淖蟮接曳较蛞来吸c(diǎn)亮，如此循環(huán)形成流水燈效果?！緟⒖汲绦颉?*/項(xiàng)目名稱：led左右移動(dòng)流水燈/功能描述：p0、p2端口8位led顯示/*#include #include unsigned char scan_num;char code reserve 3 _at_ 0x3b; /保留0x3b開(kāi)始的3個(gè)字節(jié)/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delayms(unsigned int ms)unsigned char k;while(

2、ms-)for(k=0;k114;k+);/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)unsigned char i;p0=0xff; /初始化端口p2=0xff;while(1)scan_num=0xfe; /掃描初始值for(i=0;i8;i+) /左移顯示p0=scan_num; /送顯示p2=scan_num;scan_num=1; /左移一位scan_num|=0x01; /最低位補(bǔ)1delayms(300); /延時(shí)300msp0=0xff; /關(guān)閉led顯示p2=0xff;delayms(300); /延時(shí)300msscan_num=0x7f; /掃描初始值for(i=0;i=

3、1; /右移一位scan_num|=0x80; /最高位補(bǔ)1delayms(300); /延時(shí)300msp0=0xff; /關(guān)閉led顯示p2=0xff;delayms(300); /延時(shí)300ms1.6.2 led燈精確定時(shí)閃爍【控制要求】在單片機(jī)的p0.0端口上接一個(gè)發(fā)光二極管l1，使l1不停地一亮一滅，一亮一滅的時(shí)間間隔為1s(要求利用定時(shí)器t0實(shí)現(xiàn)精確的1s定時(shí))，循環(huán)往復(fù)?！緟⒖汲绦颉?include /reg51.hsbit l1=p00;unsigned char time; /軟計(jì)數(shù)器void time0(void); /函數(shù)聲明/主函數(shù)void main(void)time=

4、20;th0=0x4c; /定時(shí)50mstl0=0x00;tmod=0x01;ie=0x82;tr0=1; /timer0 runwhile(1) /等待中斷 l1=0;/中斷函數(shù)void time0(void) interrupt 1th0=0x4c;tl0=0x00;time-;if(time=0)l1=l1;time=20;項(xiàng)目2 設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)碼管顯示系統(tǒng)任務(wù)6 能力拓展2.6.1 數(shù)碼管字幕顯示【控制要求】用8位數(shù)碼管顯示從右向左移動(dòng)顯示“-hello”?！緟⒖汲绦颉?*/項(xiàng)目名稱：數(shù)碼管字幕移動(dòng)顯示/功能描述：用8位數(shù)碼管顯示從右向左移動(dòng)顯示“-hello”/mcu：at89s52 晶振：

5、11.0592mhz/*#include /51芯片管腳定義頭文件#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int/-hello-uchar display =0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xbf,0xbf,0x89,0x86,0xc7,0xc7,0xc0,0xbf,0xbf,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff;uchar shift,j=0;char code reserve 3 _at_0x3b; /保留0x3b開(kāi)始的3個(gè)字節(jié)/*/ms延時(shí)

6、子函數(shù)/*void delayms(uint ms)uchar t;while(ms-) for(t=0;t0;i-)p0=displayi+j;p2=shift;shift=(shift1)|0x01;delayms(1);p2=0xff;/*/函數(shù)名稱：主函數(shù)/函數(shù)功能：/*void main()uchar k;p0=0xff;p2=0xff;while(1)for(j=0;j17;j+)for(k=0;k125;k+)ledplay();2.6.2 數(shù)碼管左移右移顯示p0端口接動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)碼管的字形碼筆段，p2端口接動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)碼管的數(shù)位選擇端，p1.0接一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)，當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)接高電平時(shí)，顯示“12345

7、678”字樣；當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)接低電平時(shí)，顯示“87654321”字樣?！居布O(shè)計(jì)】主控模塊采用atmel公司生產(chǎn)的at89s52單片機(jī)。選用8段共陽(yáng)極數(shù)碼管，數(shù)碼管的a、b、c、d、e、f、g、dp段分別與單片機(jī)p0口的p0.0、p0.1、p0.2、p0.3、p0.4、p0.5、p0.6、p0.7相連，用來(lái)控制顯示數(shù)字的形狀。數(shù)碼管的公共使能端com連接三極管c8550的集電極，三極管c8550主要用于信號(hào)的放大，以驅(qū)動(dòng)數(shù)碼管工作。三極管8550的基極通過(guò)限流電阻接到單片機(jī)p2口的p2.0，通過(guò)控制三極管c8550的基極電平來(lái)打開(kāi)或關(guān)閉數(shù)碼管的顯示，起到“使能”作用。三極管c8550的集電極接5v電源

8、。動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)碼顯示模塊與單片機(jī)的接口電路如圖2-9所示。圖2-9 動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)碼顯示模塊與單片機(jī)的接口電路【軟件設(shè)計(jì)】/*/項(xiàng)目名稱：動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)碼顯示/功能描述：當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)接高電平時(shí)，顯示“12345678”；/ 當(dāng)開(kāi)關(guān)接低電平時(shí)，顯示“87654321”。/*#include unsigned char code table1=0xf9，0xa4，0xb0，0x99，0x92，0x82，0xf8，0x80；unsigned char code table2=0x80，0xf8，0x82，0x92，0x99，0xb0，0xa4，0xf9；unsigned char i；unsigned char t1，t2；u

9、nsigned char temp；sbit k1=p10；/主函數(shù)void main(void)while(1)temp=0xfe；for(i=0；i8；i+)if(k1=1) p0=table1i；else p0=table2i；p2=temp；temp=(temp1)|0x01；for(t1=0；t14；t1+)for(t2=0；t2200；t2+);項(xiàng)目3 設(shè)計(jì)按鍵識(shí)別系統(tǒng)任務(wù)6 能力拓展3.6.1 多路開(kāi)關(guān)狀態(tài)指示【控制要求】單片機(jī)at89s52的p0.0p0.3連接4個(gè)發(fā)光二極管l1l4，p1.0p1.3 連接4個(gè)按鈕開(kāi)關(guān) k1k4，編程將開(kāi)關(guān)的狀態(tài)反映到發(fā)光二極管上：開(kāi)關(guān)閉合，對(duì)

10、應(yīng)的燈亮；開(kāi)關(guān)斷開(kāi)，對(duì)應(yīng)的燈滅?！緟⒖汲绦颉?include sbit k1=p10;sbit led1=p00;sbit k2=p11;sbit led2=p01;sbit k3=p12;sbit led3=p02;sbit k4=p13;sbit led4=p03;/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)while(1)if(k1=0) led1=0; /燈1亮else led1=1; /燈1滅if(k2=0) led2=0; /燈2亮else led2=1; /燈2滅if(k3=0) led3=0; /燈3亮else led3=1; /燈3滅if(k4=0) led4=0; /燈4

11、亮else led4=1; /燈4滅3.6.2 一鍵多功能按鍵識(shí)別技術(shù)【控制要求】開(kāi)關(guān)k1接在p1.0管腳上，在at89s51單片機(jī)的p0端口接有四個(gè)發(fā)光二極管，上電的時(shí)候，l1接在p0.0管腳上的發(fā)光二極管在閃爍，當(dāng)每一次按下開(kāi)關(guān)k1的時(shí)候，l2接在p0.1管腳上的發(fā)光二極管在閃爍，再按下開(kāi)關(guān)k1的時(shí)候，l3接在p0.2管腳上的發(fā)光二極管在閃爍，再按下開(kāi)關(guān)k1的時(shí)候，l4接在p0.3管腳上的發(fā)光二極管在閃爍，再按下開(kāi)關(guān)k1的時(shí)候，又輪到l1在閃爍了，如此輪流下去?！緟⒖汲绦颉?include unsigned char id;/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay10ms(void)unsi

12、gned char i,j;for(i=20;i0;i-)for(j=248;j0;j-);/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay02s(void)unsigned char i;for(i=20;i0;i-)delay10ms();/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)while(1)if(p1_0=0)delay10ms();if(p1_0=0)id+;if(id=4) id=0;while(p1_0=0);switch(id)case 0:p0_0=p0_0;delay02s();break;case 1:p0_1=p0_1;delay02s();break;case 2:p0_

13、2=p0_2;delay02s();break;case 3:p0_3=p0_3;delay02s();break;項(xiàng)目4 設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)警器系統(tǒng)任務(wù)6 能力拓展4.6.1 外部中斷計(jì)數(shù)【控制要求】利用單片機(jī)的外部中斷功能進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，然后將計(jì)數(shù)值輸出到數(shù)碼管上顯示。按下k5鍵，計(jì)數(shù)值加1(外部中斷0)；按下k6鍵，計(jì)數(shù)值減1(外部中斷1)；采用3位數(shù)碼管顯示，最大計(jì)數(shù)值255?！緟⒖汲绦颉?*/項(xiàng)目名稱：int0、int1中斷計(jì)數(shù)/功能：通過(guò)連接在int0和int1的按鍵k5與k6實(shí)現(xiàn)程序/對(duì)外部中斷次數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)/數(shù)，計(jì)數(shù)值顯示在7段數(shù)碼管上。/int0(k5):計(jì)數(shù)值遞增/int1(k6):計(jì)數(shù)值遞減/

14、*#include #include unsigned char code leddata=0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82, 0xf8,0x80,0x90,0xff;/段碼unsigned char data display3; /顯示緩存單元unsigned char code scan_bit8=0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf, 0xbf,0x7f;/位碼unsigned char count; /計(jì)數(shù)單元char code reserve3_at_0x3b; /保留0x3b開(kāi)始的3個(gè)字節(jié)/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void dela

15、yms(unsigned int ms)unsigned char k;while(ms-) for(k=0;k114;k+);/*/數(shù)據(jù)處理與顯示函數(shù)/*void disp_count( )unsigned char n,temp;temp=count;/數(shù)據(jù)處理for(n=0;n0;n-)if(displayn=0) displayn=0x0a;else break;for(n=0;n3;n+)p0=leddatadisplayn; /顯示段碼p2=scan_bitn; /輸出位碼delayms(1);p2=0xff; /關(guān)閉顯示/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)p0=0xff

16、;p1=0xff;p2=0xff;it0=0; /低電平觸發(fā)；如it0=1為下降沿觸發(fā)it1=0; /低電平觸發(fā)；如it0=1為下降沿觸發(fā)ea=1; /總中斷允許ex1=1; /開(kāi)啟int1中斷ex0=1; /開(kāi)啟int0中斷while(1)disp_count(); /數(shù)碼管顯示/*/int0中斷函數(shù)(加計(jì)數(shù))/*void int0_isr(void)interrupt 0unsigned char x;ex0=0; /關(guān)閉int0中斷count+; /計(jì)數(shù)值加1/用顯示程序進(jìn)行延時(shí)for (x=0;x70;x+) disp_count();ex0=1; /開(kāi)啟int0中斷/*/int1中斷

17、函數(shù)(減計(jì)數(shù))/*void int1_isr(void)interrupt 2unsigned char x;ex1= 0; /關(guān)閉int1中斷count-; /計(jì)數(shù)值減1/用顯示程序進(jìn)行延時(shí)for(x=0;x70;x+)disp_count();ex1=1; /開(kāi)啟int1中斷4.6.2 產(chǎn)生“叮咚”門(mén)鈴聲【控制要求】當(dāng)按下開(kāi)關(guān)sp1(接p1.4)時(shí)，單片機(jī)產(chǎn)生“叮咚”聲，從蜂鳴器(接p3.7)輸出。【參考程序】#include sbit p1_4=p14;sbit p3_7=p37;unsigned char t5hz;unsigned char t7hz;unsigned int tcn

18、t;bit stop;bit flag;/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)unsigned char i,j;tmod=0x02; /0000 0010方式2th0=0x06;tl0=0x06;et0=1;ea=1;while(1)if(p1_4=0)for(i=10;i0;i-)for(j=248;j0;j-);if(p1_4=0)t5hz=0;t7hz=0;tcnt=0;flag=0;stop=0;tr0=1;while(stop=0);/*/中斷程序/*void t0 (void) interrupt 1 using 0tcnt+;if(tcnt=200)tcnt=0;if(

19、flag=0)flag=flag;elsestop=1;tr0=0;if(flag=0)t7hz+;if(t7hz=3)t7hz=0;p3_7=p3_7;elset5hz+;if(t5hz=4)t5hz=0;p3_7=p3_7;4.6.3 演奏音樂(lè)【控制要求】演唱“兩只老虎”：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)的p3.7外接揚(yáng)聲器，利用定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器與中斷唱出音樂(lè)“兩只老虎”，其樂(lè)譜如下：|1231 |1231 |345- |345- |56 54 31 |56 54 31 |151- |151- |【參考程序】#include #define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigned

20、 charsbit loudspeaker=p37;/音階musical_scaleuint code musical_scale=64580,64684,64777,64820,64898,64968,65030,64260,65058;/(65536-x)1us=1912us/2 x=65536-856=64580/樂(lè)譜music_score/0x14,0x24,0x34,0x14;/0x14,0x24,0x34,0x14/0x34,0x44,0x58/0x34,0x44,0x58/0x52, ,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x34,0x14/0x52, ,0x62,0x52,0x42,

21、0x34,0x14/0x14,0x84,0x16,0x02/0x14,0x84,0x16,0x02/高四位為音符，第四位為節(jié)拍uchar code music_score=0x14,0x24,0x34,0x14,/0x14,0x24,0x34,0x14,/0x34,0x44,0x58, /0x34,0x44,0x58, /0x52,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x34,0x14,/0x52,0x62,0x52,0x42,0x34,0x14,/0x14,0x84,0x16,0x02,/0x14,0x84,0x16,0x02,/0x00;/音符，musical_note；節(jié)拍，music_rhy

22、thmuchar musical_note,music_rhythm;/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay(uint z)uchar i,j;while(z-)for(i=0;i250;i+)for(j=0;j120;j+);/*/演唱函數(shù)/*void sing(uint i)musical_note=music_scorei/16; /高四位為音符music_rhythm=music_scorei%16; /低四位為節(jié)拍/*/主函數(shù)/*void main( )uint i;ie=0x82;tmod=0x01;while(1)for(i=0;music_scorei!=0;i+)sing(i

23、);if(musical_note=0) tr0=0;else th0=musical_scalemusical_note-1/256;tl0=musical_scalemusical_note-1%256;tr0=1;delay(music_rhythm);tr0=0;loudspeaker=0;/*/定時(shí)器t0中斷函數(shù)/*void time0(void) interrupt 1th0=musical_scalemusical_note-1/256;tl0=musical_scalemusical_note-1%256;loudspeaker=loudspeaker;項(xiàng)目5 設(shè)計(jì)馬表控制系統(tǒng)

24、任務(wù)6 能力拓展5.6.1 pwm控制led燈漸亮漸滅【控制要求】利用定時(shí)器控制產(chǎn)生占空比可變的pwm波。按k1，pwm值增加，則占空比減小，p0口的8個(gè)led燈漸暗。按k2，pwm值減小，則占空比增加，p0口的8個(gè)led燈漸亮。當(dāng)pwm值增加到最大值或最小值時(shí)，蜂鳴器將報(bào)警?！緟⒖汲绦颉?*/項(xiàng)目名稱：pwm控制led燈漸亮漸滅/led顯示/mcu: at89s52 晶振：11.0592mhz/*/功能：利用定時(shí)器控制產(chǎn)生占空比可變的pwm波/ 按k1，pwm值增加，則占空比減小，led燈漸暗。/ 按k2，pwm值減小，則占空比增加，led燈漸亮。/ 當(dāng)pwm值增加到最大值或減小到最小值時(shí)，

25、蜂鳴器將報(bào)警。/*#includesbit k1=p14 ; /pwm值增加鍵sbit k2=p15 ; /pwm值減少鍵sbit beep=p37 ; /蜂鳴器unsigned char pwm=0x7f ; /賦初值char code reserve 3 _at_ 0x3b; /保留0x3b開(kāi)始的3個(gè)字節(jié)/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delayms(unsigned char ms)unsigned char i;while(ms-) for(i=0 ; i114;i+);/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay(unsigned char t)while(t-);/*/蜂鳴器函數(shù)/*void

26、 beep()unsigned char i;for(i=0;i100;i+)delay(100);beep=!beep; /beep取反beep=1; /關(guān)閉蜂鳴器delayms(100);/*/主函數(shù)/*void main( )p1=0xff;tmod=0x21;th0=0xfe; /1ms延時(shí)常數(shù)tl0=0x66 ; /頻率調(diào)節(jié)th1=pwm ; /脈寬調(diào)節(jié)tl1=0;ea=1;et0=1;et1=1;tr0=1;while(1)doif(pwm!=0xff) pwm+;delayms(10);else beep() ;while(k1=0);doif(pwm!=0x02) pwm- ;

27、delayms(10);else beep();while(k2=0);/*/定時(shí)器0中斷服務(wù)函數(shù)(頻率)/*void timer0() interrupt 1tr1=0;th0=0xfe; /1ms延時(shí)常數(shù)tl0=0x66 ; /頻率調(diào)節(jié)th1=pwm;tr1=1;p0=0x00; /啟動(dòng)輸出/*/定時(shí)器1中斷服務(wù)程序 (脈寬)/*void timer1() interrupt 3tr1=0;p0=0xff; /結(jié)束輸出5.6.2 60秒倒計(jì)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)顯示【控制要求】二位數(shù)碼顯示(動(dòng)態(tài)掃描)，從60開(kāi)始，每秒數(shù)值減1，減到0后再?gòu)?0開(kāi)始，不斷循環(huán)?！緟⒖汲绦蛞弧?include unsigne

28、d char duanma10=0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90;unsigned char weima2=0xfd,0xfe;unsigned char jishu1=0,jishu2=0,miao=60;unsigned char xianshi2=0,0;/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)：20*250*2us=10000us=10ms/*void delay10ms(void)unsigned char i,j;for(i=20;i0;i-)for(j=250;j0;j-);/*/初始化函數(shù)/*void chushihua(void)tmo

29、d=0x01;th0=0x4c;tl0=0x00;ea=1;et0=1;tr0=1;/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)chushihua();while(1)xianshi0=duanmamiao/10;xianshi1=duanmamiao%10;jishu1+;if(jishu1=2) jishu1=0;/當(dāng)jishu1=0，p2=weima0=0xfe,即p2.0=0/當(dāng)jishu1=1，p2=weima1=0xfd,即p2.1=0;p2=weimajishu1;p0=xianshijishu1;delay10ms();/*/中斷函數(shù)/*void daojishi(void)

30、 interrupt 1th0=0x4c;tl0=0x00;jishu2+;if(jishu2=20)jishu2=0;miao-;if(miao=0xff) miao=60;【參考程序二】#include unsigned code ledcode=0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90;unsigned char counter,time;void delay(void); /延時(shí)函數(shù)void display(void); /顯示函數(shù)/*/主函數(shù)/*void main(void)counter=60;time=20; /1s=50

31、ms*20th0=0x4c;tl0=0x00;tmod=0x01;ie=0x82; /1000 0010btr0=1; /t0 runwhile(1); /等待中斷：當(dāng)tf01，進(jìn)入t0中斷函數(shù)/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay(void) /20*100*2usunsigned char i,j;for(i=20;i0;i-)for(j=100;j0;j-);/*/顯示函數(shù)/*void display(void)unsigned char loop;for(loop=5;loop0;loop-) /循環(huán)為了穩(wěn)定顯示數(shù)碼管兩位數(shù)p0=0xff;p2=0xff;p2=0xfd; /1111

32、1101bp0=ledcodecounter/10;delay();p0=0xff;p2=0xff;p2=0xfe; /1111 1110bp0=ledcodecounter%10;delay();/*/t0中斷函數(shù)/*void t0_interrupt(void) interrupt 1th0=0x4c;tl0=0x00;display();time-;if(time=0)counter-; /60-1time=20;if(counter=0) counter=60;5.6.3 數(shù)字鐘設(shè)計(jì)【控制要求】6位數(shù)碼管顯示，采用動(dòng)態(tài)掃描方式，兩位顯示時(shí)位，兩位顯示分位，兩位顯示秒位，初始時(shí)間位23點(diǎn)

33、58分46秒。、【參考程序】#include /數(shù)碼管段碼控制：0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9unsigned char duanma10=0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90;/數(shù)碼管位碼控制：p2.7 p2.6 p2.4 p2.3 p2.1 p2.0unsigned char weima6=0x7f,0xbf,0xef,0xf7,0xfd,0xfe;unsigned char jishu1=0,jishu2=0,shi=23,fen=58,miao=46;/數(shù)碼管顯示位控制unsigned char xianshi6=0,0,0,0,0,0;/*/延時(shí)函數(shù)/*void delay10ms(void)unsigned char i,j;for(i=10