基于單片機(jī)控制的電梯控制器畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(外文翻譯)

1、外文翻譯 頻率合成器設(shè)計(jì)系 別：電子與電氣工程系年級(jí)專業(yè)：2012級(jí)電子信息工程（專升本）姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 125031108題目名稱： 頻率合成器設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)老師評(píng)語： 指導(dǎo)老師簽名： 年 月 日 外文翻譯the elevator controller based on single-chip microcomputerabstract: the design is based on single-chip microcomputer to control the use of the appliance, the use of digital tube to display the posi

2、tion and direction of the floor, using two leds to replace the motor, to achieve the motor positive inversion by single-chip microcomputer to control the led on and off, to check the position of the elevator through the timer delay.keywords: elevator at89s51 led motor control floor check1 introducti

3、onwith the rapid development of the continuous improvement of living standards and the national economy. each big city buildings in continuously to the high-level development. therefore lift play a decisive role in our life. the elevator is not only the important equipment for the production process

4、, it is a transportation equipment by the people with frequent. therefore, the elevator control technology is also in constant improvement and perfection, commonly used control technology mainly has two kinds of technology: based on plc control and based on mcu control technology of two. use the ele

5、vator plc control, stable and reliable performance, but the cost is too high. the elevator control can greatly reduce the cost and the operation is reliable based on the elevator control, so now most controlled by single chip microcomputer.2 of the overall design scheme2 of the overall design scheme

6、2.1 design ideasthe basic idea of this design is the use of at89s51 microcontroller as the core, to control the use of its rich interface and peripheral circuit with i/o. check the position of the timer delay to control the elevator, using 8 bit led static display to display the elevator location, a

7、nd use 74ls245 to drive led display. the determinant keyboard matrix as the external to internal selection circuit, because it is the 6 floor, the choice of 4 * 4 matrix keyboard. when the elevator arrived at the destination when the motor stops, the passengers can enter, after entering the elevator

8、, passengers can choose to which a layer, and then the elevator according to the passengers choose to judge which floor, continue to run. through the single-chip microcomputer to control the elevator in the rising process only in response to the rising call, drop in the process only response to decl

9、ining call. the normal operation of the elevator is realized by single-chip microcomputer control.2.2 of the overall design diagram fig. 1 overall plans3analysis of design principles3.1design keyboard matrix circuitbecause the circuits required button more in order to save the mcu i/o port, the choi

10、ce of determinant keyboard matrix. this circuit is used in 4 * 4 keyboard matrix. the circuit shown in figure 2, the p1.0-p1.7 is connected to the p1 ports of the single-chip, single-chip scanning method used to row and column to distinguish these 16 buttons which key is pressed, and the label read

11、accumulator inside a, and then can be controlled by scm elevator operation according to each button function. the following will each button function explain:s1: a building to call button, the button press said a building with elevator upstairs to scm, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge

12、 whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s2: two buildings to the call button, the button press said the two floor elevator upstairs to, and the mcu will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s3 : two buildings do

13、wn the call button, the button press said the two floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s4: on the third floor to the call button, the button press said the third floor has take the elevato

14、r upstairs to scm, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s5: the third floor down the call button, the button press said the third floor has take the elevator downstairs to scm, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whet

15、her the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s6: four floor to the call button, the button is pressed four floor elevator upstairs to, and the mcu will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s7 : four buildings down the cal

16、l button, the button is pressed four floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s8: five floor to the call button, the button press said the four floor elevator upstairs to, and the mcu will thi

17、s signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s9: five floor down the call button, the button is pressed five floor elevator ride down to single chip, and the signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevato

18、r to the floor;s10: six floor to the call button, the button is pressed the elevator downstairs said people should, and scm will this signal into a fixed unit, wait to judge whether the response to this call the elevator to the floor;s11: elevator internal selection to a floor button, the button is

19、pressed said elevator passengers going to the first floor, scm according to the signal to control the operation of the lift;s12: elevator internal selection to the two floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the two floor, scm according to the signal control elevator;s1

20、3: the elevator to the third floor internal selection button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers to go to the third floor, scm according to the signal control elevator;s14: elevator internal selection to the four floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the f

21、our floor, scm according to the signal control elevator;s15: elevator internal selection to the five floor button, the button is pressed said elevator passengers going to the five floor, scm according to the signal control elevator;s16: elevator internal selection to the six floor button, the button

22、 is pressed said elevator passengers going to the six floor, scm according to the signal control elevator;the keyboard circuit as shown in figure 2: fig. 2 overall plans3.2 the smallest single-chip system designif the circuit group reset circuit and clock circuit two parts, wherein the reset circuit

23、 using a combination key manual reset and automatic power-on reset, the circuit in figure 3 ( left) shows: 9 feet for the mcu reset. the clock circuit as shown in figure 3 ( right) shows: crystal oscillator is used in 12mhz, xatl2 and xatl1 were 18 and 19 feet of scm. fig. 3 overall plans3.3 display

24、 circuit designthis circuit uses a 8 digital tube display, from 74ls245 to drive 8 digital tube display elevator to arrive the number of floors and the operational status of the elevator, wherein the digital tube of 6 feet ( dp ) bright said elevator at this point in the uplink, if not bright said e

25、levator in the downlink. p2.0-p2.7 microcontroller p2 port as the output port and the output active-low. the circuit shown in figure 4: fig. 4 overall plans3.4 motor positive inversion of controlin this design in order to facilitate the motor positive and negative use two light tube to represent, as

26、 shown in figure 5 : the use of scm p0 port output port to drive the luminous tube, as is the p0 to add resistance, in which l1 light indicates the motor forward, l2 lights, l3 light indicates that the motor reverse motor stop, while the elevator door. l3 out that the elevator door, elevator running

27、 l1 and l2 must have a bright, to express elevator uplink and downlinkfig. 5 overall plans3.5 system software designbecause the design of the keyboard matrix to replace the outgoing select button, which is the direction of the elevator call button and choose according to these keys to decide, so the

28、 chip to scan the keyboard constantly to get the call state. in order to control the operation of the lift. the keyboard matrix scanning is an important part of the software design of the system, in addition to the storage key information of each layer to keyboard scan, and then compare and elevator

29、 operation, to determine whether the response of each layer of the call ( elevator only in response to the same direction, finally call ) is floor display part, this design is through a delay circuit to display the location of the elevator. the software design includes the following sections:the ini

30、tialization procedure so that the digital display 1 indicates that the elevator in a building, and the l3 light that elevator door etc.others entered the elevator;the main program mainly includes:the judge passengers into the elevator selection which floor, to control the elevator operation accordin

31、g to the judgement of the situation;the elevator to scan the keyboard constantly in the process of operation, thus to judge each floor has no call request,;the call request elevator response only in the running process of the same direction;real-time display of elevator location and running state (

32、uplink / downlink );the door has a delay to ensure passengers out of / into the elevator;software flow diagram is shown in figure 6: fig.6 overall plans4 summary and the experiencethrough the comprehensive training based on mcu, let i learned the previous knowledge with comprehensive application. th

33、is for me, is not only a practice, more is to test the knowledge of their previous. i found that i need to know, and learn a lot of knowledge. let my own shortcomings were found from this practice, application software on a variety of learning at the same time, let me have a deeper understanding of

34、knowledge. found, only theoretical knowledge is not enough, there is a considerable gap between theory and application. also let us experience what have grandiose aims but puny abilities, empty talk. through this internship, i learned a lot of not learn things. this practice means to us is very impo

35、rtant, let us from the new understanding to their position. in the practice, also carry forward our team spirit, and ability to cooperate. under the teachers enthusiastic guidance, believe that we have entered a new stage.reference1 shi lei cheung kwok keung altium designer 8 chinese circuit design,

36、 tsinghua university press, 20092 li zhaoqing. single-chip microcomputer principle and interface technology ( third edition ). beihang university press, 20053 zhang daming. single chip microcomputer control technology and its application m . beijing: mechanical industry press, 2006基于單片機(jī)控制的電梯控制器摘 要：本

37、設(shè)計(jì)基于單片機(jī)來控制電器中各部分的使用，采用數(shù)碼管來實(shí)時(shí)顯示樓層的位置及方向，利用兩個(gè)發(fā)光二極管來代替電機(jī)，通過單片機(jī)控制發(fā)光管的亮和滅來實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)，通過定時(shí)器延時(shí)來校驗(yàn)電梯的位置。關(guān)鍵詞：電梯 at89s51 led顯示 電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)控制 樓層校驗(yàn) 1 引言隨著人們生活水平的不斷提高和國名經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展。各大城市建筑物在不斷向高層化發(fā)展。因此電梯在我們的生活中起著舉足輕重的作用。電梯已不僅是一種生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)中的重要設(shè)備,更是一種人們頻繁乘用的交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)備。因此電梯控制技術(shù)也在不斷的進(jìn)步和完善，常用的控制技術(shù)主要的有兩種技術(shù)：基于plc控制和基于單片機(jī)控制兩大技術(shù)。用plc控制的電梯性能可靠、

38、穩(wěn)定，但是造價(jià)太高?；趩纹瑱C(jī)控制的電梯可以大大的降低成本而且運(yùn)行也較可靠，所以現(xiàn)在電梯控制中大多數(shù)采用單片機(jī)控制。2 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案2.1 設(shè)計(jì)思路本次設(shè)計(jì)的基本思想是采用at89s51單片機(jī)作為核心，利用其豐富的i/o接口與外圍電路配合進(jìn)行控制。采用定時(shí)器延時(shí)來控制電梯的位置校驗(yàn)，采用8位led靜態(tài)顯示來實(shí)時(shí)顯示電梯所在樓層，并用74ls245來驅(qū)動(dòng)led顯示。采用行列式鍵盤矩陣作為外呼內(nèi)選電路，由于是6層樓，故選用44矩陣鍵盤。當(dāng)電梯到達(dá)目的樓層時(shí)電機(jī)停止，此時(shí)即可進(jìn)、出乘客，乘客進(jìn)入電梯之后可選擇去哪一層，然后電梯根據(jù)乘客的選擇判斷去哪一層，繼續(xù)運(yùn)行。通過單片機(jī)控制電梯在上升過程中只響應(yīng)

39、上升呼叫，下降過程中只響應(yīng)下降呼叫。電梯的正常運(yùn)行通過單片機(jī)的控制來實(shí)現(xiàn)。2.2 總體設(shè)計(jì)框圖如圖1所示 at89s51鍵盤電路樓層顯示電路復(fù)位電路電機(jī)狀態(tài)顯示延時(shí)電路時(shí)鐘電路圖 1 總體方案圖 3 設(shè)計(jì)原理分析3.1鍵盤矩陣電路的設(shè)計(jì)由于本電路所需按鍵較多為了節(jié)省單片機(jī)的i/o口，故選用行列式鍵盤矩陣。本電路采用的是44鍵盤矩陣。電路如圖2 所示，p1.0-p1.7是接單片機(jī)的p1 端口，單片機(jī)采用行和列掃描法來判別這16個(gè)按鍵中哪個(gè)鍵按下，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)讀入累加器a 里面，然后可根據(jù)每個(gè)按鍵的功能來通過單片機(jī)控制電梯的運(yùn)行。下面將每個(gè)按鍵的功能說明一下：s1: 一樓向上呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示一

40、樓有人要乘坐電梯上樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s2: 二樓向上呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示二樓有人要乘坐電梯上樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s3：二樓向下呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示二樓有人要乘坐電梯下樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s4: 三樓向上呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示三樓有人要乘坐電梯上樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s5：三樓向下呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示三樓有人要乘坐電梯下樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元

41、，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s6：四樓向上呼叫按鍵，此按鍵按下表示四樓有人要乘坐電梯上樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s7：四樓向下呼叫按鍵，此按鍵按下表示四樓有人要乘坐電梯下樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s8：五樓向上呼叫按鍵，此鍵按下表示四樓有人要乘坐電梯上樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s9: 五樓向下呼叫按鍵，此按鍵按下表示五樓有人要乘坐電梯下樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s

42、10：六樓向上呼叫按鍵，此按鍵按下表示有人要乘坐電梯下樓，并且單片機(jī)將此信號(hào)存入固定單元，等到電梯運(yùn)行到此樓層時(shí)判斷是否該響應(yīng)此呼叫；s11：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去一樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里的乘客要去一樓，單片機(jī)根據(jù)此信號(hào)控制電梯的運(yùn)行；s12：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去二樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里的乘客要去二樓，單片機(jī)根據(jù)此信號(hào)控制電梯運(yùn)行；s13：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去三樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里的乘客要去三樓，單片機(jī)根據(jù)此信號(hào)控制電梯運(yùn)行；s14：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去四樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里的乘客要去四樓，單片機(jī)根據(jù)此信號(hào)控制電梯運(yùn)行；s15：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去五樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里的乘客要去五樓，單片機(jī)根據(jù)此信號(hào)控制電梯運(yùn)行；s16：電梯內(nèi)部選擇去六樓按鍵，此按鍵按下表示電梯里