豬肺炎支原體的免疫時機及疫苗的選擇

1、123nFirst isolated from pig lungs in 1965n1965年首次在豬肺臟中分離nOne of the most common and economically important diseasesn最普遍和經(jīng)濟意義重大的疾病之一nA complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation.n主要損失是支原體和其它細菌病毒的混合感染、飼養(yǎng)管理不善、通風(fēng)不良等綜合因素所致。4nOne of the

2、 primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)n引起PRDC 的原發(fā)病原之一nAffects as many as 99% of U.S. herdsn99的美國豬群都有感染nWorld-wide significancen世界范圍內(nèi)養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中流行5nEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. n不同豬群的經(jīng)濟影響差異較大nDependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases

3、, etc.n取決于投入的成本、豬價、其它疾病的情況等。nA MOVING TARGET.6nReduced average daily gain (ADG)n降低日增重nReduced feed efficiency (FE)n降低飼料報酬nIncreased medication costsn增加藥物成本nIncreased cull or light-weight pigsn增加淘汰或低體重的豬nEtc.78nM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,

4、1985)n肺炎支原體可降低生長率12.7%和飼料報酬13.8%9nTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contactn豬之間傳播途徑：空氣和直接接觸nTransmission between farms: movement of infected pigs n豬場之間傳播方式：感染豬的移動nAerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 kmn豬場之間傳播距離：3.2公里10Clinical signs include:臨床癥狀nchronic cough (often dry or nonproductive)n

5、慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）nhigh morbidity and low mortalityn高發(fā)病率和低死亡率nuneven groups of pigsn豬群內(nèi)生長不整齊11nPeak prevalence in Finisher because of:n在育肥期多發(fā)的原因：nLong incubation period：潛伏期長nSlow spread傳播緩慢nIncreased animal density養(yǎng)殖密度加大nPresence of other organisms其他致病菌的出現(xiàn)12nM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.pa

6、ralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus.n支原體定植在氣管和支氣管纖毛上，導(dǎo)致纖毛纏繞折斷、脫落，從而降低了粘液纖毛的正常功能。Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia141516nThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990)n破壞肺泡巨嗜細胞的功能 1718Sec

7、ondary bacterial infections:繼發(fā)細菌感染nPasteurella multocida多殺性巴氏桿菌nActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放線桿菌nStreptococcus suis鏈球菌nHaemophilus parasuis副嗜血桿菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”19nThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabie

8、s (PRV), PRRS，PCVIIn還和幾種病毒相互作用，其中包括豬流感病毒、偽狂犬病毒、藍耳病病毒、圓環(huán)病毒II型20212223nMedication藥物nManagement管理nVaccination免疫24nAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.n田間條件下，抗生素的效果表現(xiàn)不一，主要用于控制繼發(fā)感染。25nLincomycin: results inconsistentn林可霉素nTiamulin:

9、results inconsistentn支原凈nQuinolones: show some promisen喹喏酮類nFlorfenicol: shows some promisen紐弗羅nAivlosin: results are goodn愛樂新26nOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.n一旦停藥，疾病復(fù)發(fā)27Management factors are important管理十

10、分重要nAll-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management techniquen全進全出是最好的管理方式nNo more than 3 weeks spread in agen年齡差距不要超過3周nMedicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS diseasen早期藥物斷奶有一定幫助28Management factors (continued)nSegregated Early Weaning (SEW)

11、has shown meritn早期隔離斷奶也有一定好處nVaccination免疫nOptimize density and proper ventilationn合理化密度，保持良好通風(fēng)29Key to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的關(guān)鍵是使用有效的支原體疫苗30nBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity ar

12、e not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best.n因為還不清楚決定免疫力的具體抗原決定部位，所以全細胞疫苗是最好的。31nM+Pac preserves 15 proteinsn安百克保留了15種抗原蛋白nProduct A preserves 11 proteinsnA產(chǎn)品保留了11種抗原蛋白nProducts B and C preserve 8 proteinsnB和C產(chǎn)品保留了8種抗原蛋白3233nAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief

13、that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.n此外，長久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐劑是支原體疫苗必須的。3435nAluminum Hydroxide (AH)氫氧化鋁nWater-in-oil (W/O)油包水nOil-in-water (O/W)水包油36nLow viscosity粘度低nMild to no reactions溫和無刺激nImmediate response免疫反應(yīng)迅速nShort-lived immunity免疫期短37nMore oil = more viscosity粘

14、度高nMore irritation刺激大nMore pain疼痛nMore stress應(yīng)激大38nMore modern最新型nAt least as effective as W/O與油包水效果相同nLess oil = lower viscosity低粘度nLess irritation刺激小nLess pain疼痛少nLess stress (pigs and people)應(yīng)激小39nM+PAC SPAH O/W+AHnRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂nRespifend Fort Dodge AHnIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OnP

15、orcilis Intervet AHnHyoresp Merial AH4041nReduced lung lesionsnLess coughingnHigher antibody titersnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1 ml administration42nThe key to M+Pacs superior performancen安百克優(yōu)良性能的關(guān)鍵nFaster acting, longer lastingn速效、長效nExcellent syringeabilityn良好的通針性43nA

16、luminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in watern氫氧化鋁水包油nFast acting速效nLong lasting長效nStimulates strong cell-mediated immunityn刺激堅強的細胞介導(dǎo)免疫力4445464748nTiming (Later is better?)時機nOne-dose vs. Two-dose一針還是二針nSow Vaccination母豬免疫49nLater is Better.Why?n越晚越好nMaternal Antibody Interferencen母源抗體干擾nProtection needs to l

17、ast for entire finishing periodn保護力需要持續(xù)整個育肥期505.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P 3rd Parity sowsn經(jīng)產(chǎn)3次的母豬抗體滴度下降。nDecreased Sow to Pig Shedding?n能減少母豬對仔豬的散毒嗎？56nIf sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is ev

18、en more important to vaccinate pigs later.n如果母豬免疫，尤其在產(chǎn)前免疫，仔豬則免疫更嘉推遲。57Convenient dosage schedule方便的劑量n1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older.n首免1毫升710日齡以上nRevaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination.n在首免2周后，二免1毫升nRevaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.n每年加強免疫1毫升58nVaccination schedule also can be done according to farms M. hyo situation:n免疫程序也需根據(jù)豬場的肺炎支原體發(fā)生狀況來決定。n stage of M. hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination: n肺炎支原體爆發(fā)階段和免疫時機 nursery