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1、閱讀理解who want to live forever?if your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ,would you take it?the good news is that we may be drawing near to that date,scientists have already extended the lives of flies ,worms and mice in laboratories. many now think
2、that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. this seems a great idea. think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own."longer life would gi
3、ve us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says dr gregory stock of the university of california school of public health. "it would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.
4、 they also affect society as a whole. "we have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and i don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says us bioethicist daniel callahan."the question is 'what will we get as a society? 'i suspect it won&
5、#39;t be a better society."it would certainly be a very different society. people are already finding it more difficult to stay married. divorce rates are rising. what would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? and what would happen to family life if nine or 10 gene
6、rations of the same family were all alive at the same time?research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. and that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. we think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer
7、 help and advice. that would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted. more people would stay in work for longer. that would give us the benefits of age-skill,wisdom and good judgment.on
8、the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. it would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. and how easily would a 25-year-old employee be ab
9、le to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. it may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.and society would feel very diffe
10、rent if more of its members were older. there would be more wisdom,but less energy. young people like to move about. old people like to sit still. young people tend to act without thinking. old people tend to think without acting. young people are curious and like to experience different things. old
11、 people are less enthusiastic about change. in fact ,they are less enthusiastic about everything.the effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. but as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now. " if this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what ki
12、nd of society we want to get," says daniel callahan. "we had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."詞匯:mice / mais / n. 老鼠(復(fù)數(shù))sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist / n. 生物倫理學(xué)家注釋:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. we had b
13、etter not go anywhere near it 我們最好離它遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn),這里的it指代前面講的 anti-ageing technology.練習(xí):1. which of the following is not mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?a spending more time with his family.b having more education.c realizing m
14、ore dreams.d working longer.2. which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?amarriages in the us today are quite unstable.bmore and more people in the us today want to get married.cliving longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.dif people live lon
15、ger ,they would stay in marriage longer.3. all of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life exceptacommunication between employers and employees would be more difficult.bmore money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.cthe job market w
16、ould be more competitive.dit would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4. an important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatait places more emphasis on educating the young.bit is both wise and energetic.cit lacks the curiosity to expe
17、riment what is new.dit welcomes changes.5. which of the following best describes callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?aoptimistic.bpessimistic.creserved.dnegative.答案與題解:1. b 長壽使個(gè)人能做的事主要在第三、四段里講到,作者沒有提到長壽可以讓人更多地接受教育。2. a 本題答案以下面的這兩句話為依
18、據(jù):people are already finding it more difficult to stay married. divorce rates are rising. 暗示美國人目前的婚姻關(guān)系已經(jīng)十分脆弱。3. b 文章的第九段講了壽命延長、退休推遲可能帶來的種種問題,但作者沒有提到雇傭者需要更多的錢來支付員工的工資。4. c 答案可以在第十、十一這兩
19、段里找到。5. c 本題的答案依據(jù)可以在最后一段里找到。callahan 認(rèn)為在搞清楚長壽社會(huì)會(huì)給我們帶來哪些問題之前,最好不要急著搞抗衰老的技術(shù)??梢娝麑?duì)抗衰老技術(shù)的發(fā)展是有保留的。some people do not taste salt like otherslow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others,according to a study by a penn state college of agricultural sciences food sci
20、entist. the research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.those conclusions are important because recent ,well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not ta
21、ste as good to them as it does to others,pointed out john hayes,assistant professor of food science ,who was lead investigator on the study.diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. that is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to
22、 help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. this study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.the research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips,on multiple occasions ,spread out over weeks. test s
23、ubjects were 45 men and 42 women ,reportedly healthy ,ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. the sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. they rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale,ranging from barel
24、y detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."most of us like the taste of salt. however,some individuals eat more salt ,both because they like the taste of saltiness more ,and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said hayes. "supertasters,people who
25、 experience tastes more intensely ,consume more salt than do nontasters. snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ,and at least for these foods, more is better ,so the supertasters seem to like them more. "however ,supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitte
26、r tastes in foods such as cheese ,hayes noted. "for example ,cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ,but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "a supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronou
27、nced."hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named fox and a geneticist named blakeslee ,showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. as a result ,hayes explained ,we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ,and this variation is as n
28、ormal as variations in eye and hair color."some people ,called supertasters,describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ,while others ,called nontasters,find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "response to bitter compounds is one of ma
29、ny ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "詞匯:publicize / 'p?blisaiz / v. 引起公眾對(duì)的注 意;(用廣告)宣傳dietary / 'dai?teri / adj. 飲食的;規(guī)定食物的ferment / 'f?:ment / v. (使)發(fā)酵geneticist / d?i'netisist / n. 遺傳學(xué)家acuity / ?'kj
30、u:iti / n. 敏銳;尖銳注釋:1. penn state college of agricultural sciences: 即 penn state university-college of agricultural sciences 賓州州立大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院。penn 是 pennsylvania 的縮寫,是美國賓夕法尼亞州州名。賓州州立大學(xué)建于1855年,在全國共有 24 個(gè)分校。在句中,penn state college of agricultural sciences 用作定語,修飾 food scientist。2. well-publicized efforts to re
31、duce the salt content in food:有關(guān)減少食物含鹽量的大力宣傳的做法.3. left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others:使得許多人努力去接受適合其他人而不適合他們口味的食物。fare 相當(dāng)于 food。4. lead investigator:研發(fā)項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人5. carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and ch
32、ips,on multiple occasion ,spread out over weeks:經(jīng)過仔細(xì)篩選的實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者,他們?cè)趲字軆?nèi)的不同時(shí)間 里品嘗加了鹽的食物,如湯和薯?xiàng)l。6. too pronounced:此處 pronounced 為形容詞,意為 very noticeable ,conspicuous(明顯的,顯著的)。7. supertasting: 超重味感練習(xí):1. in paragraph 2 ,john hayes points out thata it is good to health to eat food without salt.b
33、160; many people reject low-salt food completely.c many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantlyd food with reduced salt tastes better.2. the fourth paragraph describes brieflya. how to select subjects and what to do in the research.b.
34、 how to identify supertasters and nontasters.c. why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.d. why to select more male subjects than female ones.3. the article argues that supertastersa like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.b
35、 like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.c consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.d like to share salty cheese with nontasters.4. which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?a they like b
36、itterness in foods as well as saltiness.b they like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.c they prefer high-salt cheese,which tastes less bitter.d they prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.5. what message do the last two paragraphs ca
37、rry?a. taste acuity is genetically determined.b. taste acuity is developed over time after birth.c taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.d taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.答案與題解:1. c 根據(jù)短文的第二段內(nèi)容,很多人因
38、為食物中的含鹽量降低,所以必須做出很大努力 ( struggling) 去適應(yīng),而低鹽食物對(duì)于他們來說,口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste good to them) 。選項(xiàng)c有 accept reluctantly (勉強(qiáng)接受)表達(dá)了這層意思,所以是正確的選擇。a 、b 、d 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是錯(cuò)誤的。2. a 第四段介紹了科學(xué)家是如何設(shè)計(jì)這項(xiàng)研究的,它包含了研究對(duì)象的人數(shù)、性別、人選條件、咸度味感分級(jí)表等。選項(xiàng) a 概括了這方面的內(nèi)容,所以是答案。而選項(xiàng) b 、c、d 所述內(nèi) 容均不符合該段的意思。3.
39、60; b 短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在這里的意思是:口味重的人,在本文中,nontaster是其反義詞,即,口味清談的人。該段告訴我們,口味重的人消耗更多的鹽;因?yàn)榭觳褪称返闹饕兜谰褪窍涛叮蚁潭仍礁?,口味越好,所以口味重的人?duì)快餐較為偏愛。選項(xiàng)b表達(dá)了上述內(nèi)容,所以是答案。4. c 短文第六段提供了答案。該段告訴我們,奶醋發(fā)酵會(huì)產(chǎn)生苦味,supertasters 不喜歡苦味,而高含鹽量可以蓋住奶酷里的苦睞,這是他們偏愛高鹽奶酷的原因。所以,只有c是正確選擇。
40、5. a文章第七段中,hayes引用了75年前一位遺傳學(xué)專家的實(shí)驗(yàn)。從這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,hayes 得出的結(jié)論是,taste acuity( 味覺敏度)上的差異與他們頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異是同一類現(xiàn)象,也就是說,都是與生俱來的。第八段又說,這是一種 biological difference (生物差異),所以 a 是答案。b 說味覺敏'度是后天形成的,顯然與作者的結(jié)論相左。c 說味覺敏度的差異與頭發(fā)和眼睛的顏色上的差異有關(guān),顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。d 的內(nèi)容在最后兩段都沒有提到,所以不會(huì)是答案。完型填空dreamseveryone can dreamindeed, every
41、one does dreamthose who 1 that they never dream at all actually dream 2 as frequently as the rest of us, 3 they may not remember anything about iteven those of us who are perfectly 4 of dreaming night 5 night very seldom remember those dreams in 6 detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemin
42、gly unrelated impressions. dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7 , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and tasteone of the world's oldest 8 written documents is the egyptian book of dreamsthis volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9 that dreams were
43、believed to have a special significance even thenmany ancient civilizations believed that you 10 never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return 11 time if the sleeper were suddenly 12 .from ancient times to the present 13 ,people have been 14
44、 attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significancethere are many books available on the subject of dream interpretationalthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15 there are books詞匯:frequently / 'fri:kwntli/ adv. 時(shí)常,屢次;頻繁地,經(jīng)常地significance/ signi
45、ficance / n. 重要性,意義 civilization / ,sivilai'zein, / n. 文明,文化interpret / in't:prit / vt. 解釋,說明 口譯interpretation / in,t:pri'tein / n. 解釋,口譯seldom/ 'seldm / adv. 很少,不常retain/ ri'tein / vt. 保持;雇;記住 注釋:1. . . . very seldom remember those dreams in detail but merely retain an untidy mi
46、xture. . but. 不而是2. from ancient times to the present.從古至今練習(xí):1.a demand b promise c agree d claim2.a also b just c only d quite3.a though b besides c however d despite4.a familiar b accustomed c aware d used5.a after b on c through d over6.a great b high c strong d deep7.a feelings b emotions c impr
47、essions d senses8.a considered b known c regarded d stimated9.a see b feel c ensure d think10.a would b ought c should d need11.a by b in c with d for12.a awoke b awoken c awake d awaken13.a minute b hour c moment d day14.a doing b putting c making d taking15.a as b like c so d such答案與題解:1. d 這里是一個(gè)復(fù)
48、合從句,缺的部分是帶后邊賓語從句的一個(gè)謂語成分。根據(jù)后邊賓語從句的內(nèi)容"never dream at all " ,可以判斷此處應(yīng)該是 claim ,聲稱。demand ,promise ,agree 都有后邊的語義不符。-2. bas frequently as 已經(jīng)表達(dá)了"同樣"的意思,所以 also 不符合這一空。quite 不能用來修飾 as. . . as 這樣的詞組,而根據(jù)上下午的語境,這里應(yīng)該是"剛好,恰恰”所以最佳答案是just 。3. a 根據(jù)上下文的語-境,可以判斷出這一空所銜接的前后兩個(gè)句子有轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系,而且后一 句為條件
49、,despite 與 though 都可以表示."雖然,盡管"的意思,但是 despite 是做介詞是才有"雖然,盡管"的意思,此處缺的是一個(gè)連接詞,所以只能用 though. .4. c 這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有 aware 可以與 of 搭配,策示"意識(shí)到',accustomed 通常與 to 搭配,表示習(xí)慣于,同樣 used to 也表示習(xí)慣于。而 familiar 通常與 with 搭配,表示"對(duì)熟悉"。 從語義與搭配兩個(gè)層面來看,最合適的都是 aware.5. a night after night"
50、一夜又一夜",固定搭配。同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)還有 year after year ,day after day,week after week。相似的結(jié)構(gòu)有 day by day ,"逐日,一天天"year by year ,"逐年,一年年.6. a 此處是在 in detail 這一表達(dá)當(dāng)中增加了一個(gè)形容詞,來表示細(xì)致的程度。high 表示高度的變化,strong 是強(qiáng)度,deep 是深度,用來表示細(xì)致都不合適。所以應(yīng)該用 great ,in great detail ,表示細(xì)致入微,描述得淋漓盡致。7. d從前邊的 visual ,以及后邊的 sound ,t
51、ouch ,smell ,taste 這些可以看出,這里指的是人所有的各種感官的感覺。感官叫做 sense organ ,所以這種種的感覺通常都用 sense 來表示。8. b 根據(jù)上下文,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)此處是在描述一個(gè)事實(shí)。因此首先排除 estimated"估計(jì)",而這 本最古老的書是已經(jīng)被認(rèn)定過7的,所以 regard ,consider 都不合適,因此,最佳答案應(yīng)該是 known ,目前所知的。9. a 此處是通過從前文所描述的這樣一個(gè)事實(shí),可以讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)空后邊所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。因此不是 feel ,think. 也不是讓我們確認(rèn),而只是發(fā)現(xiàn),所以也不是 ensured
52、,而應(yīng)該是see。10. c 根據(jù)上下文的語境,可以判斷出此處表達(dá)的是不能,不應(yīng)叫醒睡夢中的人。首先排除 need ,另外 ought 通常跟 to 一塊使用,所以也不可能。而 would 更 should 兩者相比,后者的 程度更深,更符合這個(gè)語境。11. b 此處應(yīng)該是及時(shí)的意思,in time ,固定搭配。12. b 此處考察的是被動(dòng)語態(tài),與動(dòng)詞 awake 的變形。這里是被叫醒,所以 a 和 c 都排除了, 表示被動(dòng)態(tài)而且形式又正確的應(yīng)該是 b awoken.13. d 這里表達(dá)的是從古到今的意思,通常都用籠統(tǒng)一些的概念,minute ,moment 表示的比較具體。所以用 day 比
53、較合適。14. c 此處所表達(dá)的是人類一直在嘗試,"嘗試,試圖"通常直接用 attempt to,或者用 make attempts to ,固定搭配。15. aas. . as 句式,這里所表達(dá)的前后一樣是指書的數(shù)目,與書中對(duì)夢解釋的數(shù)目的一致性。a health profilea health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your healthto draw your health profile,you will 1 what diseases run in your famil
54、y,what health hazards you may be exposed to 2 work,ow your daily 3 compares to the recommended standards,how nluch time per week you 4 exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5 ,how stressful your work and family environments are,what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and 6 or not you hav
55、e any one of a number of addictions. 7 this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood,heart, and lungs are functioning.this checkup will serve 8 a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests9 this profile is thoroughly drawn,you can begin to think about setting health pri
56、orities based 10 your particular portraitfor example,if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress 11 ,are overweight,smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends, you should quit smoking first,followed 12 losing the excess weight,reducing the stress of yo
57、ur job,giving up your marihuana habit,and then finally giveing some 13 to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer,and then heart disease even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is 14 excellent healtha good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15 him in the future練習(xí):1.a know b have known c need know d need to know2.a with b in c on d at3.a diet b meals c food d dinner4.a use b d
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