完形填空解題思路與能力訓(xùn)練精簡總結(jié),共同學(xué)習(xí)

1、英語完形填空解題思路與能力訓(xùn)練Part One ：高考英語完形填空命題與解題思路完形填空題是高考英語卷中的重要題型， 不僅側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對具體語境把握能 力，更是對學(xué)生整體語篇意義理解的連貫性和運用語言的準(zhǔn)確性考查。 它屬于有一定難度的障礙性閱讀 理解題，是學(xué)生感到最難把握的題型之一。分析近幾年高考題，完形填空所選短文的體裁多為記敘文、說明文和議論文。寫人或記事，兼有個 別議論的句子。趣味性強并兼有教育意義。一般為300 單詞左右的一篇短文，其內(nèi)容邏輯性強，文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明。文章首句不設(shè)空，但交待相關(guān)的背景材料，可挖掘的信息點很多，對整篇文章的理 解起著至關(guān)重要的作用。說

2、明文命題趨勢： 說明型完形填空選材難度一般低于試卷中的閱讀理解大題。 在設(shè)空與選項設(shè)計方 面充分體現(xiàn)了語言知識運用題的要求：以實詞為主（名、動、形、副） ，絕大多數(shù)小題都要從全文角度 進行判斷。這一命題思路體現(xiàn)了“語篇意識” 。議論文命題趨勢：議論文是一種通過剖析事物，論述事理，提出主張，發(fā)表見解的文體。議論型完 形填空分為兩種，一種是夾敘夾議型完形填空；另一種是純議論型完形填空。第一種的基本模式是：敘 述事件，提出感悟，作出結(jié)論。第二種的基本模式是：提出論點，列舉論據(jù)，提出看法。 解題思路一：通讀全文，了解大意，先易后難。通常在答題之前 , 要花 12 分鐘把文章略讀一遍 ,以便對文章有個大

3、概的了解。在詳讀的過程中， 可以邊讀邊選擇一些容易的選項 , 對個別不理解的單詞、短語 ,可以先不管它們。等讀完文章后 , 大部分 的空格已填完 , 全文的意思基本已掌握 , 剩下的難題也就比較容易解決了。 解題思路二：依據(jù)首句線索，緊扣主題選擇。首句通常是文章的主題句， 通常不設(shè)空， 便于考生對短文主題、 內(nèi)容或背景有個大概了解。 它的目 的是向考生提供時間、地點、人物、事件、論點等有用的信息。把握了主題句 , 對于理解全文和解題很 有幫助。例 1： Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece

4、 joins the next 解析：這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問題。根據(jù)常識，文中內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱漲冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。例 2 ： On a hot summer day in last August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf é on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in air.A. freshB. coolC. stillD. thin 解題思路三：瞻前顧后 , 謹(jǐn)慎選擇。有些選擇項根據(jù)上下句就能比較容易地做出正確判斷 , 有些則必須根據(jù)整篇文章的大意才能

5、推出。 通過上下文 , 尋找隱含的各種信息和緊抓語境暗示是解答完形填空題的主要手段和策略。例 1： The man stepped _1_ for the two chairs. He politely _2_ his lady in the knee - deep water and then sat down himself.1. A. outsideB. forwardC. downD. back2. A. ledB. seatedC. watchedD. received解析： 1. D。根據(jù)上下文 , 不難看出 , 那兩口子搬完桌子后 , 又回來搬椅子 , 即: step back

6、for sth.2. B。 本空后有賓語 his lady , 根據(jù)后半句 “and then sat down himself ”, 答案應(yīng)為 seated his lady “讓他夫人就坐” 。解題思路四：借助語法知識 , 選擇正確的答案。例 1： When Ed first phoned and we play, I laughed quietly A. declared B. mentioned C. persuadedD. suggested例 2： Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make difficult for the

7、 listener to understandthe message which is being transmitted to him. A. that B. it C. soD. this例 3： Finally Peter decided to go to the USA and ，as his father had told him ， to be a doctor.A. studies B. studying C. study D. studied 解題思路五：利用生活常識，文化背景。例 1： One day, the girl _1_ into the plane, started

8、 it and soon left the _2_.1. A. climbedB. lookedC. reachedD. fell2. A. houseB. floorC. waterD. ground例 2： Immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the hospital.A. animalB. biggestC. plantD. nearest例 3： Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to

9、.A. checkB. readC. keepD. sign解題思路六：采取排除法。解答完形填空題的過程中， 有時我們會遇到這樣的情況： 對某一題的正確選項的含義、 用法不甚明 白，但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項有顯而易見的謬誤。這時我們可以嘗試排除法 , 剔除錯誤的選項。隨著選擇范圍的縮小 , 選中正確選項的機會就會增大。例 1： Finally I was by his lively sense of humor.A. disturbed B. movedC. attractedD. defeated解題思路七 : 找尋固定詞組、常用句型或習(xí)慣用法。例 1 ：A waiter appeared. He p

10、aused for just a second , walked into the water to the table and A. setB. washC. removeD. check例 2： I started surfing about five years ago and in love with the sport on the very first day.A. stayedB. cameC. droppedD. fell例 3. With it, astronauts will acquire a workhouse vehicle of flying into space

11、and returning manytimes.A. capableB. suitableC. efficient D. fit例 4. During the summer holidays ， they usually much time playing football on the playground.A. useB. needC. take D. spend建議：1）注意詞語的搭配：動詞的搭配 （do 和 make 的搭配能力較強，要記牢、記熟 ）。do（a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wr

12、ong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.）make（a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, one' s

13、 way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.）2）形容詞與名詞的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，學(xué)生要注意“貌合神離”的詞語。如： lucky dog 幸運兒、 right hand 得力助手、 narrow escape死里逃生、 dark horse出人意料的獲勝者3）有些形容詞可以加一個形容詞修飾， 表示強調(diào)， 使表達更加生動。 如：pitch dark（漆黑的）、brand new （嶄新的） 、crystal clear（水晶般的） 、 wide open（張得大大的） 、fast asleep（睡得很熟的） 、wide awa

14、ke （完全醒著的） 、icy cold （冰冷的） , etc.4）有些形容詞可以和不同的介詞搭配，學(xué)生應(yīng)注意比較、歸納。如：sick for 渴望、 tired from 因 而疲勞、 engaged in 忙于、 sick of 厭倦、 tired of 對 厭倦、 engaged to 與某人訂婚。解題思路八 : 利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)或同現(xiàn) , 選擇最佳選項。1在完形填空中 , 某一詞語通常重復(fù)出現(xiàn) , 使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫 , 從而構(gòu)成一個完整的意 義整體。例 1： When the waiter brought my , the man was clearly puzzled b

15、y the A. menuB. billC. paper D. food解析：上文中有 waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive , 例 2: First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to six windows.A. rubB. dropC. break D. clean2同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中。一個語篇，一個話題，要求有與之相連的詞 匯。1）名詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個名詞。如：school-p

16、rimary school middle school collegeuniversity students pupils graduates postgraduates2）動詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個動詞。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop out graduate be dismissed3）形容詞同現(xiàn) ; 就某一語境而言所能出現(xiàn)的形容詞也是有規(guī)律的。如： 在學(xué)校這個語境中： （key）school（ optional ） course（ compulsory ） course but also;4）結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn) : 結(jié)構(gòu)同現(xiàn)批搭配之

17、類的句型和成對出現(xiàn)的短語。如：some ,others; on one hand ,on the other hand; former ,latter; so that; not onlyhardly/scarcely when ; no sooner than ; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on thf ed opionign/tb oeto do/be ready to do/be on the way when ;例 3: I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise

18、, the room wasn 't empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new , dressed neatly.A. roommateB. classmate C. neighbor D. companion解析： A 。名詞同現(xiàn)，從 room, furniture, 等同現(xiàn)信息可知。例 : We were to go back for class again when the

19、 headmaster called us togetherand said, A. aboutB. able C. sorry D. sure解題思路九：順應(yīng)文意 , 定位選詞。做題時 , 要充分利用上下文 , 找到有提示作用的詞。這些詞可以是同義詞、近義詞或反義詞 , 也可以是并列連詞或轉(zhuǎn)折連詞等等。例： At the table next to mine sat an attractive couple, waiting forD. bad - tempered，then move on to the next step thinkingA. lonely B. curiousC. we

20、ll - dressed例 3: After you have learned to think of several words in English inA. sentences B. passages C.1essons D. classes 例 4: Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very A. deepB. highC. coldD. dangerous解題思路十：仔細推敲 , 注重邏輯。做完完形填空題后 ,要根據(jù)所選答案迅速地把文章完整地讀一遍, 看語法、慣用法對不對 ;看是否符

21、合上下文的邏輯 ; 看是否符合故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展 ,以便更正可能的錯誤選擇。 一個完整的語篇應(yīng)該是符合邏輯的， 文章邏輯關(guān)系的取得主要靠過渡詞的使用。 作者利用轉(zhuǎn)承語保證文 章的邏輯， 學(xué)生在做完形填空時應(yīng)通過自己對上下文的理解， 找到適當(dāng)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系， 然后選擇正確的過 渡詞。學(xué)生必掌握常見的過渡詞：1. 遞進 in additi on, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what' s more, what ' s worse, to make mworse , to make things worse , worse st

22、ill2.比較 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3. 對照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while4. 因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus5. 強調(diào) certainly, above all, in

23、deed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially ， in particular, absolutely,6. 讓步 although, though, after all, in spite of7. 舉例 for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8. 時間和空間 after, first, later, then, soon, final

24、ly, at last ， outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of9. 總結(jié) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary例 1: It has been many years since I was last in London I still remember something that happened during

25、 that visit.A. andB. forC. but D. as例 2: Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excessvitamins. Many people believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. A.nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhilePart Two 英語完

26、形填空能力訓(xùn)練Passage 5The word “ sharp ” can be _1_ to describe many different things in your home, classroom, and places of work. In this chapter, the writer _2_ sharp pencils, meaning pencils with a very fine _3_. The writer does not like dull pencils.We can also use“ sharp ” to describe the blades of k

27、nives. Knives also have points. We can useto describe a _4_ kind of point, _5_ as the sharp points of kitchen and steak knives. Scissors have blades, too, and we can describe these blades as sharp or dull. Furthermore, the points of scissors are _6_ sharp or rounded _7_ on the kind of scissors. Some

28、 tools, such as saws, scrapers, and garden tools, also have blades. We can use the words“ sharp ” and “ dull ” to describe the blades of these tools, _8_.Sharpknives, scissors, and tools are _9_“ Sharp ” can be used to describe the edges foufrniture and _10_ some containers. For example, the edge of a table or desk can be _11_. In addition; we can describe the edge of _12_ open can as sharp. The top of a can is sometimes sharp _13_ to cut your hand. A piece of _14_ from a broken jar or bottle is _15_ very sharp.1. A. writtenB. usedC. seenD. taken2. A. talks aboutB. takes care of