【步步高】2017高考英語一輪復習Unit4Earthquakes素材新人教版必修1解讀

1、1Unit 4 Earthquakes話題晨背積累寫作素材【話題詞匯1.earthquaken.地震2.firen.火災3.floodn.洪水4.burnv.燃燒5.destroyv.破壞6.rescuev.援救7.survivev.幸存8.die out 滅絕9.lead to/c on tribute to 導致10 . in harmo ny with n ature與自然和諧相處【經(jīng)典語篇 3（2011 福建）為紀念汶川大地震三周年，某英文報發(fā)起關于災區(qū)新貌的征文活動。請根據(jù)以下圖片提示, 以GreatChanges ”為題，用英語寫一篇短文應征。內容要點如下：1.某中學災后三年來的變

2、化，如教學與活動場所，以及師生精神面貌等；2.發(fā)生變化的原因；3 .你的感想。注意：1.短文標題與開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)；2 .可根據(jù)圖片提示適當發(fā)揮；3.詞數(shù) 120 左右。Great Chan gesI am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three2years. _【佳作欣賞】Great Chan gesI am deeply impressed by the great cha nges that have take n place in

3、the school over the pastthree years.On May 12,2008 , a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school,leaving badly-damaged buildings.It is now , however, taking on a new look.Tallbuildings have been put up , including classrooms and laboratory buildings, and al ibrary.There is also a n

4、ewly-built standard playground.ln the new environment,teachers and stude nts are liv ing happily and work ing hard .It is really amaz ing that the once-ruinedplace has now bee n turned into a beautiful school, full of life.Obviously , without the help of the whole society, there would be no new scho

5、oltoday.It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.Many hands make lightwork.We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and help ing those in n eed.Union is stre ngth.【思維發(fā)散】1 仿照第句用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語完成句子體育館的建設引起了很大的噪音，這使附近的人們很難入睡。The constructionof the gym cause

6、d much noise， making it difficult for people nearbyto sleep.2 .用 what 引導的主語從句改寫第句What is really amaz ing is that the once-ruined place has now been turned into abeautiful school , full of life.3 .將第句中的 without the help of the whole society改為 if 條件句if it had not bee n for the help of the whole societ

7、y4 .仿照第句用 It is/was.that.翻譯句子只有在他得到了他想要的以后，他才意識到這些并不是那么的重要。（2015 河北衡水中學期中）3It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.自主排查夯實基礎知識I.重點單詞A.寫作單詞1.burst (vi.)爆裂；爆發(fā)；(n.)突然破裂；爆發(fā)2. ruinjn.)廢墟；毀滅；(vt)毀滅；使破產(chǎn)3. injure (vt.)損害；傷害4. destroy (vt.)毀壞；破壞；消滅5. shock (n.)休克；震驚；打擊

8、；(vt. &vi.)(使)震驚；震動6.trap (vt.)使陷入困境；(n.)陷阱；困境7. bury (vt.)埋葬；掩埋；隱藏8.reporter ( n.) 記者9. congratulation (n.)祝賀；(pl.)賀詞10 . judge (n.)裁判員；法官；(vt.)斷定；判斷；判決11. million (n.)百萬12 . event (n.)事件；大事13 . earthquake (n.)地震quake (n.)地震；震動B .閱讀單詞14 . suffering (n.)苦難；痛苦15 . extreme (adj.)極度的16 . rescue (vt

9、.&n.)救援；營救17 . disaster (n.)災難；災禍18 . shelter ( n.)遮蔽處；避身處；掩蔽19 . bar (n.)條；棒；條狀物20 . damage (n.&vt.)損失；損害21. sincerely (adv.)真誠地；真摯地22 . express (vt.)表達；表示;(n.)快車；速遞23 . outline (n.)要點；大綱；輪廓24 . well (n.)井25 . pipe (n.)管；導管26 . nation (n.)民族；國家；國民427 . can al (n.)運河：水道528. steam (n.)蒸汽；水汽29

10、. brick (n.)磚；磚塊30. dam (n.)水壩31. track (n.)軌道；足跡；痕跡32. electricity (n.)電；電流；電學33. title (n.)標題；頭銜；資格34.headline (n.)報刊的大字標題35. useless (adj.) 無用的； 無效的； 無益的useful (adj.)有用的36. frighten (vt.)使驚嚇；嚇唬frightened (adj.)受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening (adj.)令人恐懼的n.重點短語1.right away 立刻；馬上2._ think little of 不重視3.as if 好

11、像；仿佛4.at an end 結束，終結5.in ruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪6.a (great) number of許多； 大量的7.dig out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)8 . be proud of/take pride in_ 因. 而自豪川.經(jīng)典句式1.In the farmyards , the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃食了。2.It seemed as if the world was at an end!_仿佛到了世界末日！3 . Thousa nds of families

12、 were killed and many childre n were left without pare nts.成千上萬個家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。4 . All hope was not lost._不是所有的希望都破滅了。5 . The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部隊人員組成小分隊，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。6IV .課文語法填空Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened

13、 in Tangshan.The7water in the village wells rose l.and fell.The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.2.They weresig ns for the earthquake.But people in the city did n t think much 3.ofthese.At 3: 42 am thatday , the earth began to shake, 4.which destroyedthe city.Many people,5.including(i

14、nclude)workers and doctors , came to rescue those6.trapped(trap) un der the ruin s.7.Later(late) that after noon, ano ther big quakestruck Tangshan.More people 8.were killed(kill)or injured and 9.more(many)build ings fell dow n.Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers.Teams were orga ni ze

15、d to dig out10.the trapped and to bury the dead.邊講邊練突破核心考點1. burst v.爆裂；爆發(fā)；n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)burst in/into突然闖進；破門而入burst out 突然迸發(fā)；爆發(fā)；突然激動地喊叫burst out doing.= burst into +n.突然做某事burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/樂不可支(1) The policeburst in and arrested the thief.警察突然闖進房間，逮捕了小偷。(2) Much to my surprise， she burst into te

16、arsthe instant she read the letter.讓我吃驚的是，她一讀到這封信，就突然大哭起來。(2015 河南方城一中月考)【多維訓練】(1) 完成句子1他惱羞成怒，都要氣炸了。He felt he would burst with an ger and shame.2當校車抵達動物園時，汽車的門突然打開，孩子們沖了出去。When the school bus arrived at the zoo, the bus door burst open and all the childre n rushed out.(2) 同義句改寫Hearing the interesti

17、ng story, all the people present burst into laughter.細講必考詞匯8Hearing theinterestingstory , all the people present burstout laughing .(2015 天津耀華中學高三期末)2. ruinv.毀壞；使破產(chǎn)；n.毀壞；破產(chǎn)；廢墟I I -I :毀掉自己I I I -嚴重受損；破敗不堪fall/come into ruin逐漸破碎brin g.to ruin使.失敗；使.毀壞(1) The bad weather hasruined all my pleasure for t

18、he holiday.糟糕的天氣毀掉了我度假的好心情。(2) A large nu mber of churches fell into ruin after the revoluti on.革命過后，許多教堂都毀了。(3) A village once so attractive wasbrought to ruin一個曾經(jīng)那么美好的一個村莊被毀掉了。【多維訓練】(1) 單句語法填空1Years of fighti ng has left Iraq ruined(ruin_2It rained for two weeks on end， completely ruining(ruin) ou

19、r holiday.3This country was once proud of its educati on system.Now it seems to be in ruins. _4Shortly after sufferingfrom a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin)，the city took on a new look.(2) 單句改錯1The castle has falle n into ruin s.rui ns _ ruin2After he was dead , his body would r

20、uin it in twelve months.ititself3. buryv.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；沉浸；覆蓋 cover ;掩藏 hide應試指導非謂語動詞句法功能的考查bury sth.i n.把某物埋在.bury on eself in埋頭于，專心于be buried in 專心于(1) The paper was buried un der a pile of books.那份文件被埋在書堆下。(2) She sat there, buried in thought .她坐在那兒，陷入了沉思。9【多維訓練】(1)用 bury 的正確形式填空1He walked slowly , hi

21、s hand buried in his pocket.2The girl was sitting on the bench in the park , burying her head in the book in her han ds.3They think she was buried in the desert, along with a few others.(2)同義句改寫B(tài)ecause she buried herself in the film, she didn t know it was sn owing outside.1Burying herself in the fi

22、lm, she didn t know it was snowing outside._ (用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)2Buried in the film , she didn t know it was snowing outside._ (用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)4. congratulationn.祝賀； 復數(shù) 賀詞應試指導交際用語中的用法! ii i- ；、：、i .-.li.就. 向某人 祝賀Con gratulatio ns!祝賀你！口語t 邛二勺適：|玷好vt.祝賀，向. 道喜con gratulate sb. on sth.為某事向某人祝賀(1) Congratulatio

23、ns on your happy marriage!祝賀你喜結良緣！(2) You can con gratulate yourself on havi ng done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你應該感到自豪。特別提醒(1) co ngratulati on用作祝賀語時，通常用復數(shù)形式；作為祝賀”這一抽象意義時，通常用單數(shù)形式。(2) congratulate后不接帶不定式的復合結構或that 從句?！径嗑S訓練】(1) 單句語法填空1一 I got that job I wan ted at the public library.Congratulations(congrat

24、ulate)! That s good news.2I con gratulate myself(I) on havi ng chose n a good woma n to be my wife.10(2) 單句改錯1I congratulated him his success sincerely.his前力口 on2Thank you for your letter conveyingcon gratulati onon myappoi ntme nt.con gratulatio ncon gratulati ons5. at an end 結束；終結11at the end of在.

25、盡頭；在. 末端by the end of到.結束時；到. 時候為止in the end 最后； 終于come to an end 結束put/bri ng.to an end 結束.put an end to 結束.；終結.【多維訓練】(1) 同義句改寫The meeti ng was at an end.1The meeti ng came to an en d.(come)2We brought the meet ing to an en d.(bri ng)3We put an end to the meeti ng./We put the meet ing to an en d.(p

26、ut)(2) 單句改錯You should add your n ame in the end of report.i nat6. a great number of許多； 大量的表示“許多；大量”的詞語可分為以下幾類：(1)a large/great/good nu mber ofa great/good many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)a good few/quite a fewa good/great deal of|a great/large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞quite a little(1)The long hot summer was at last漫長的酷暑終于過去了。(2)

27、The project is due to be fini shed這個項目將在本周結束時完成。(3)1 m sure things will turn out fine我確信事情最終會變好的。at an endby the end of this week.in the end12a lot of/lots of、a great/large qua ntity of卜+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞large qua ntities ofple nty ofmany ar+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語動詞more tha n one(1) 1 gave away a great nu mber ofbo

28、oks to the childre n there.我向那兒的孩子捐獻了許多書。(2) Large quantities of food and vegetables are sent to southern China where people have bee n suffering from snow storms since mid-Ja nu ary.大量的食物和蔬菜被送往中國南方，那里人們從一月中旬就一直遭受暴風雪。特別提醒(1) a number of +名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，表示許多；大量” 。(2) the number of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表示.的數(shù)量

29、”。(3) large qua ntities of+名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。(4) large amou nts of+不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)?！径嗑S訓練】(1) 單句語法填空1Large quantities of land in the area have been reserved(reserve) for national these years ,which are(be) now home to bears , wolves , and other wild animals.2The number of books stolen from the library i

30、s (be) large._3A large number of books have been stolen(steal) from the library so far.(2) 單句改錯1More than one doctor were involvedin the rescue that took place afterearthquake.were was2One survey shows that large amounts of water is wasted every year in Chi nathat one third is available to be saved.

31、(2015陜西高考壓軸卷)第一個 isTareparksthe,and13?？荚~匯7. injurev.損害；傷害；損壞 名譽；傷害 感情【多維訓練】用 injure的正確形式填空(1)The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.(2) The young woma n en tered the pool where an injured dolphin was swimmi ng.(3) She injured herself while skat ing last week.(4) A bottl

32、e of acid flew into the streets, injuring 24 people.8. shock v. 使 震驚；震動；n.休克；打擊；震驚【多維訓練】(1) 單句語法填空1The n ews that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was a shock to _their fans.2The n ews came as a shocking (shock) blow.3We were shocked(shock) to see smoke pouring out of the roof.(2)

33、 同義句改寫It shocked me to see how my n eighbors treated their childre n.1What shocked me was to see how my neighbors treated their children.(_ 用 what 弓I導的主語從句改寫)2It was a shock to see how my neighbors treated their children.(_ 用 shockn. 改寫)9. trapn.夾子；陷阱；困境；圈套；v.把. 困在，使陷于；使落網(wǎng)【多維訓練】(1) 單句語法填空1Were you j

34、ust tryi ng to trap her into makin g a mistake n decisi on?2Her mother Donna was trapped(trap) in the destroyed buildi ng.3Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into it._(2) 同義句改寫He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to be patie nt , wait in g.( 用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)Trapped in a traffic jam , he

35、 had to be patient , waiting.14經(jīng)典句型10. In the farmyards , the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.,在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不吃食了。句型公式：too.to.(1)too.to. 太.而不能(2) too.to.與 not 或 never 連用時，意為無論.也不過分，越.越好”。cannot be too. 再.也不過分(3) only/just/buttoo.to. 非常.去做(too 前的 only ,just , but 不僅沒有否定意義，反而加重了 to

36、o 的肯定語氣)(4) too ready/easy/eager/willi ng/a nxious/happy.to.句型表示肯定，作過于、太會”解。(5) too. not to.表示肯定，含義是非常.必定能；太. 不會不.”。(1) That s the new machine whose parts aretoo small to be seen.那就是那臺零部件小得幾乎看不見的新機器。(2) I ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能為您效勞，真是十分高興?！径嗑S訓練】翻譯句子(1) One is n ev

37、er too old to lear n.活到老學到老。(2) You cannot be too careful.小心無過火。/你再小心也不為過。/你越小心越好。(3) She is too ready to get an gry.她動不動就生氣。(4) Mary is too wise not to know it.瑪麗很聰明，不會不懂的。11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。句型公式：部分否定all. .n ot = not all.部分否定，也稱半否定。15具有總括意義的代詞, everybody , everything , all , both

38、 等、形容詞：whole 等 和副詞. ip I；, always , wholly , altogether 等 與否定詞 not 連用，構 成部分否定，表示不都；并非都” 。而 no, none, n ever , no body, n either , nothing , no more, no Ionger 等表示否定意義的詞與謂語一起使用構成了全部否定。(1) Everything is not right.并非什么都好。(2) Nothing can change her mind.沒有什么能改變她的想法?！径嗑S訓練】16把下列半否定的句子改為全否定(1) Not everyth

39、ing she did pleased him.Noth ing she did pleased him.(2) Both of them are not my brothers.Neither of them is my brother.(3) 1 do not remember all the details.I remember none of the details.(4) She is not always excited.She is n ever excited.在高考語境中提升解題技能I.語境填詞1. One of the most importa nt factors tha

40、t in flue needtheir satisfacti onas volun teerswas the amount of suffering( 痛苦) they experieneedinpositions.(2015江蘇)2. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster(難）.（2014 湖北）3.When I handed him the gift card , saying he could use it for whatever his familymight need

41、 , he burst into_ tears.(2015 全國I)4.By now paramedics(急救人員)had arrived , and were attending to the injured(injure)woman.(2014 福建)5.When deeply absorbed in work ,which/as he often was, he would forget all abouttheir volun teer3. Good neighbors are a lot like electricity電)or running water:we don t kno

42、whow much we depend on them until we don t have them.(2014 浙江4. I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued(營救）me.（2014 四川）5. I sincerely( 真誠地)wish you a pleasant time with us.(2014-陜西）n.單句語法填空1. we ve lit up the night asif it were(be) an unoccupied country , when nothing couldbe further from the

43、truth.(2015-浙江）2. Humans are no less trapped(trap) by light pollution than the frogs.(2015-浙江）17eating or sleep in g.(2012北京)6.A number of paintings in this castle are believed(believe) to have been destroyed in a fire in2009.(2011 湖北)187.The document was discovered buried（bury） in the university ar

44、chives（part-time history stude nt Lis Smith.（2012湖北）8 . To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening（frighten） . （2012 湖北）9.To learn（learn）more about Chinese culture , Jack has decided to takeChinese folk music as an elective course.（2015 福建 ）10. I was wrapped（ 包裹）heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather.（2014 四川）川.短語填空right away , at an end , a number of , as if , be buried in , judge.by1. The thing is , a number of them have admitted that despite their success , they aren t