英文句子種類辨析之肯定句和否定句

1、英文句子種類辨析之肯定句和否定句含否定詞的句子稱為否定句（Negative Sentence），不含否定詞的句子就稱為肯定句（Affirmative Sentence）。例如：例：Mr. Walker is an Englishman.（華克先生是英國人?？隙ň洌├篐e is not an American.（他不是美國人。否定句）簡單地說，表達(dá)事物的“Yes”這一面的句子就是肯定句，“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。傳統(tǒng)的英語入門都是先學(xué)肯定句，然后再學(xué)肯定句的反面，亦就是否定句。否定句的表達(dá)方式基本上有下面的兩種。（1）使用副詞否定詞“not”，例如：（a）be，have為主要?jiǎng)釉~：例：I

2、am not a good swimmer.（我不是一個(gè)游泳的好手。）例：He was not at home yesterday afternoon.（昨天下午他不在家。）例：I have not much money.（我沒有很多錢。）例：He has not many friend here.（在這里他沒有很多朋友。）解說“be/have +not”?？s短成一詞，尤其是日常談話更是如此。例如：例：You aren't a:nt a friend of his, are you ?（你不是他的朋友吧，是不是？）例：He isn't >!znt my brother.（

3、他不是我的兄弟。）例：I wasn't >w&znt there at that time.（當(dāng)時(shí)我沒有在那兒。）例：There weren't w+:nt many people at the party yesterday.（昨天沒有很多人參加宴會(huì)。）“am +not”不是“amn't”，而是“aren't”或“ain'teint”，例如：例：I ain't ready.（我還沒準(zhǔn)備好。）例：I am very nice to you, aren't I?（我對你很不錯(cuò)，是不是？）美國人用“ain't”很隨便，應(yīng)

4、該是“are not，is not，have not，has not”的地方，他們也會(huì)“ain't”一下就帶過去，宜注意。下面例句是“have not，has not”的縮短形。例：I haven't>h$vnt a headache.（我沒有頭痛。）例：He hasn't>h$znt come yet.（他還沒來。）（b）be，have為助動(dòng)詞例：You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?（你不打算參加她的生日宴會(huì)，是不是？）例：It isn't raining outsid

5、e.（外面沒有在下雨。）例：She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.（她沒有被請求在會(huì)上講話。）例：I haven't done anything wrong to her.（他沒有做對不起她的事。）例：He hasn't yet paid the money.（他尚未付錢。）be+ V -ing（進(jìn)行時(shí)），be +P.P.（過去分詞）（被動(dòng)詞態(tài)），have（has，had）+P.P.（完成時(shí)）等的“be，have（has，had）”皆為助動(dòng)詞。例1的“be going to ”在學(xué)校文法中也常被視為助動(dòng)詞。（c）“助動(dòng)詞+V”

6、時(shí)動(dòng)詞帶有助動(dòng)詞“will，shall，can，may，must，need，dare，ought to，used to，had better”等時(shí)，將“not”置于助動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間。例如：例：I will not do it again.I won'twount do it again.（我不愿意再做這種事。）例：The old man cannot find his way home.（那個(gè)老人找不到回家的路。）例：I couldn't sleep last night.（昨夜我無法入睡。）例：You ought not to swim in the river.（你不應(yīng)

7、該在河里游泳。）例：You had better not tell her everything.（你最好不要樣樣事情都告訴她。）注：“can”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”，不可寫成“can not or cann't”。（d）使用助動(dòng)詞“do”的否定句一般動(dòng)詞的否定句通常使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，句式如下：句型 do（does, did）+not + V（原形動(dòng)詞）例：I don't know her very well.（我并不很了解她。）例：He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.（他并不很喜歡中國茶。）例：

8、She didn't come to school this morning.（今天早上她沒有來上學(xué)。）例：Don't believe him.（不要相信他的話。）注：“have”表達(dá)“有”以外的意義時(shí)，其否定句通常使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，例如：例：Usually I don't have （=eat） breakfast on Sunday morning.（通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。）例：She doesn't have （=drink） coffee for breakfast.（她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。）例：We didn't have （=enjoy

9、） a good time there yesterday.（昨天我們在那里玩得不愉快。）不過美式英語“have”作“有”的意義使用時(shí)也如一般動(dòng)詞使用助動(dòng)詞“do”，例如：例：I don't have brothers.（我沒有兄弟。）例：We didn't have time enough to finish the work.（我們當(dāng)時(shí)沒有足夠的時(shí)間完成那件工作。）（2）使用“not”以外的否定詞“not”以外的否定詞有：（a）副詞：never，seldom，hardly，little，neither，etc.例：She never comes to school late

10、.（他上學(xué)從不遲到。）例：She seldom comes to see me.（她不常來看我。）（b）形容詞：no，few，little，etc.例：I have no brothers.（=I don't have brothers.）（我沒有兄弟。）例：He has few friends in Hong Kong.（他在香港幾乎沒有朋友。）（c）代詞：nothing，nobody，none，etc.例：I know nothing about computer.（對于電腦我一竅不通。）I found nobody about computer.（在那棟房子里我沒看到任何人。）注

11、：1有些文法書認(rèn)為“Not +V”為句子否定法，是否定句，而“no +n.或如nothing，etc.”為單詞否定法，不宜稱為否定句。例如：例：He doesn't have brother.（否定句）He has no brothers.（單詞否定，但應(yīng)視為肯定句，因?yàn)橹^語動(dòng)詞是肯定。）請注意下面兩句的意義上的區(qū)別。例：He doesn't have a breakfast.He has not a breakfast.（他不吃早餐。否定句）例：He has no breakfast.（他沒有早餐可吃。單詞否定，肯定句）2否定也可以借用前綴或后綴來表達(dá)，例如：例：He is

12、honest.（他是誠實(shí)的。）He is dishonest.（=He in not honest.）（他不誠實(shí)。）例：They have children.（他們有小孩。）They are childless.（=The don't have children.）（他們沒有小孩。）Drilling Square請把下列各句改為否定句。1Amy is the best student in my class.2Jim has a lot of stamps.3John studies very hard this semester.4Bill broke the glass yesterday.5Did he write you a letter last week?6Open the window, Peter.7We had a walk after dinner yesterday.請把下列各句改為肯定句。1She doesn't have to go to school today.2My father does