英美國家概況PPT

1、LOGOContentsGeographyIPeopleIIThe English LanguageIIII Geographyv1. Geographical Featurev2. Climatev3. Major CitiesMap of the UKRead the map to find:Atlantic Ocean North SeaIrish Sea The English Channel (The Channel Tunnel )The Republic of IrelandGeographyThe official title of the UK the United King

2、dom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe UK is made up of:v Great Britain (the formerly separate England and Scotland, and Wales. ) v Northern Irelandv Numerous smaller islandsTitle and Make up of the UKLocation and territoryLocation of the UK: The mainland areas lie between latitudes 49N and 61

3、N and longitudes 8W to 2ETotal territory: 242,910 square kilometersNo one in the UK lives more than 120 km (75 miles) from the sea.TopographyNorthern Ireland: Its mostly hilly. Wales: Its mostly mountainous. South Wales is less mountainous than North and Mid Wales. Scotland: Its geography is varied,

4、 with lowlands in the south and east and highlands in the north and west. England: it consists of lowland terrain, with some mountainous terrain in the north-west, north and south-west. Ben Nevis in Scotland the highest point in UKRivers and Lakesv The longest river: Severn River (354 kilometers lon

5、g)v The second longest river: Thames (332 kilometers long) v The largest Lake: Lough NeaghThamesLake DistrictLake poetsI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud -William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Besid

6、e the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.Lake poetsThe waves beside them danced;

7、 but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And t

8、hen my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.2. ClimateMain characteristics: Temperate, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfallThree major features: v Winter fog v Rainy daysv Instability/changeability 3. Major Cities LondonThe River Thamesv the capital of England and o

9、f Great Britainv the political center of the Commonwealthv a major portv one of the worlds leading banking and financial centers. Landmarks & Symbols of London The palace of WestminsterLandmarks & Symbols of LondonWestminster AbbeyBig BenLandmarks & Symbols of LondonSt. Pauls Cathedral L

10、andmarks & Symbols of LondonHyde ParkTower of LondonLandmarks & Symbols of LondonTower Bridge Buckingham PalaceLandmarks & Symbols of LondonLondon EyeMajor CitiesEdinburgh v Capital of Scotlandv administrative, financial, legal, medical and insurance center of Scotlandv beautiful scenery

11、 v renowned architectureLandmarks & Symbols of EdinburghEdinburgh CastlePalace of HolyroodMajor CitiesCardiff v Europes youngest capital cityv has been the capital city of Wales for around 50 yearsv home to an enormous amount of urban regeneration and restoration v has recently become one of the

12、 most fashionable cities in the United Kingdom.Landmarks & Symbols of CardiffCardiff City HallLandmarks & Symbols of CardiffMillennium StadiumCardiff Castle Major CitiesBelfast City Hallv the second largest city v capital of Northern Irelandv an important historic cityLandmarks & Symbols

13、 of BelfastBelfast Castle II People Overall population: over 60 millionsDistribution:v England: about 50 millionv Scotland:over 5 millionv Wales: around 3 millionv Northern Ireland: about 1.7millionEthnicityv The majority of this population are descendents of the Anglo-Saxons v Most people in Wales

14、and Scotland are descendents of the Celtic people v The Irish people were also Celtic in originv immigrants Percentage of total UK Population Ethinc Groups of totalv White British 85.7%v White Irish 1.2%v White (other) 5.3%v Mixed race 1.2%v Indian 1.8%v Pakistani 1.3%v Bengali 0.5%v Other Asian (no

15、n-Chinese) 0.4%v Black Caribbean 1.0%v Black African 0.8%v Black (others) 0.2%v Chinese 0.4%v Other 0.4%III The English Languagev 1. Old Englishv 2. Middle Englishv 3. Modern English v 4. Standard English1. Old English (5th 11th)Language of Angle-SaxonsInfluenced by Old Norse Latin and Greek words D

16、anish wordsBeowulfThe most famous work from the OldEnglish period is the epic poem ”Beowulf”(approximately AD 900)Hwt! We Gar-Dena in geardagum,eodcyninga, rym gefrunon,hu a elingas ellen fremedon.Oft Scyld Scefing sceaena reatum 2. Middle English (11th 15th )Status French replaced English as the of

17、ficial language, and English became the Language of lower class big pork sheep mutton cattle beefDevelopment English increased in importance after the Black DeathThe Canterbury Tales written by Geofery Chaucer, 14 the centuryWhan that Aprill, with his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced t

18、o the roote And bathed every veyne in swich licour, Of which vertu engendred is the flour;Geoffrey Chaucer3. Modern English (15th )v The printing pressbrought standardization of Englishv Samuel Johnsons dictionaryestablished a standard form of spellingv Renaissanceassimilated foreign words throughou

19、t the Renaissance v The Industrial Revolutionnecessitated the introduction of new words for new things and ideasv The rise of the British Empire or the Commonwealth of Nationsled to the assimilation of words from many other languagesOthelloby William Shakespeare 1603La: Tho in the trade of warre, I haue flaine men, Yet doe I hold it very ftuft of Confcience. To doe no contriud murrher; I lacke iniquity Sometimes to doe feruice: nine or ten times, I had thought