上海牛津小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)

1、上海牛津小學(xué)英語語法知識總結(jié)一般現(xiàn)在時1 、定義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習慣性的動作、 狀態(tài)。句中通常有 usually ，often ，every day ，sometimes ， always ， at weekends ， on Sundays 等表示經(jīng)常性時間的短語。2、構(gòu)成：1）當謂語是 be 動詞 時，一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成：主語 be 動詞其他如： I am a student.He is Jims father.They are from Japan.2 ）當謂語是 行為動詞 時，一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成： 主語 （非第三人稱單數(shù)）動詞原形其他如： I often watch TV at the w

2、eekends.Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. 主語 （第三人稱單數(shù)） 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式其他如： Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays.She sometimes goes to the park with her mother.3 、動詞三單形式 的變化規(guī)則：一般情況下，直接加 s 如： read-reads， swim-swims以 s， x ，sh ， ch ， o 結(jié)尾，加 es 如： wash-washes， watch-watches， do-does以輔音字

3、母 y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i，再加 es如： study-studies，fly-flies不規(guī)則變化 如： have-has4 、一般現(xiàn)在時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答They watchTVThey don t watch TVevery day.every day. Do they watch TV every day? Yes, they do . / No, they dont.She watchesTVShe doesn twatch Does she watchTV every day?every day.TV every day. Yes, she does . /

4、 No, shedoesnt.現(xiàn)在進行時1 、定義：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。句中常有now ， look ， listen 等詞。如： I am washing clothes now.Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree.Listen! Jane is singing in the music room.2 、構(gòu)成： be 動詞（ am/is/are） + 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞（V-ing ）3 、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：一般是在動詞原形后加ing如： read-reading，drink-drinking， eat-eating ， look-looking

5、以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加 ing如： write-writing ， make-making，ride-riding ， take-taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，要雙寫這個字母，再加ing如：sit-sitting ，swim-swimming，put-putting ，run-running ，stop-stopping ，get-getting，begin-beginning， jog-jogging， forget-forgetting4 、動名詞 其實就是動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，它既有名詞性質(zhì)（可作主語）如： Asking the way，又有動詞性質(zhì)（可

6、帶賓語）。My hobby is collecting stamps.He is good at skating.5 、現(xiàn)在進行時的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答 Is he runningnow?He is runningnow.He isn t running now. Yes, he is . / No, heisn t.They are making Are they making a puppet?They aren t makinga puppet.a puppet. Yes, they are . / No, they aren t.一般過去時1 、定義：表示過去某個時間

7、里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：a moment ago ， just now ， yesterday ， last week ，this morning等。如： My brother often went to school by bike last term.The watch was beside the diary a moment ago.I watched the moon and ate the moon cakes last Mid-Autumn Festival.Jim went to the supermarket yesterday.2、構(gòu)成：

8、主語 動詞的過去式 其他3、動詞過去式 的變化規(guī)則：一般在動詞原形末尾加 ed如： play-played ， listen-listened， look-looked結(jié)尾是 e 的動詞，加 d如： live-lived ， like-liked ， taste-tasted輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的動詞，變y 為 i，再加 ed如： study-studied，carry-carried， cry-cried末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ed如： stop-stopped不規(guī)， plan-planned則變化如：am/is-wasare-weremake-madegiv

9、e-gaveput-putrun-ranhave/has-hadread-readdo-didbuy-boughtgo-wentcome-camesit-satdraw-drewtell-toldeat-atesee-sawfly-flewget-gotmeet-metsay-saidsing-sangswim-swamtake-took4 、一般過去時的句型裝換肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答He watched yesterday.TVHe didn t watch yesterday.TV Did he watchTV yesterday? Yes, he did . / No, hedid

10、n t.They played just now.gamesTheydidn tgames just now.play Did they play games just now? Yes, they did . / No, theydidn t.一般將來時1、定義：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，以及打算、計劃或準備某事。句中一般含有表示將來的時間狀語，如： tomorrow morning ，next week ，this afternoon 等表示將來的時間狀語。2、構(gòu)成： be gong to +動詞原形如： I am going to see a Beijing opera tomor

11、row.We are going to meet at bus stop at half past ten.Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. will + 動詞原形如： They will go swimming this afternoon.3、 be going to 和 will 區(qū)別 ： be going to表示經(jīng)過事先安排、打算或決定要做的事情，基本上一定會發(fā)生；will 則表示有可能去做，但不一定發(fā)生，也常表示說話人的臨時決定。如： I am going to take part in a par

12、ty this evening.They are cleaning the library now. I ll go and join them.be going to表示近期或眼下就要發(fā)生的事情；will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些。如：He is going to write a letter tomorrow.I will meet her one day. be going to還可以用來表示有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，常用于天氣等自然現(xiàn)象。 如：Look! It s going to rain.4、一般將來時句型轉(zhuǎn)換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答She is going to have

13、aShe isn t going tohave aIs she going tohave apicnic tomorrow?picnic tomorrow.picnic tomorrow.Yes, she is . / No, sheisn t.Will they go swimming thisThey will goswimmingThey willnot(won t) goafternoon?this afternoon.swimming this afternoon.Yes, they will . / No, theywont.句法1、陳述句說明事實或陳述說話人觀點的句子。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

14、主語謂語其他1）肯定陳述句We all like pandas very much.2）否定陳述句He doesn t do housework at weekends3）肯定陳述句 改否定陳述句 一般是在be 動詞 或情態(tài)動詞 后加 not 。Mary was at school yesterday. > Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane.>I can not make a model plane. 不含be 動詞或情態(tài)動詞的，行為動詞前要用助動詞的否定式（didn t），后面跟動詞的原形。dont

15、， doesnt，He likes drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. >He doesn t like drawing pictures. >I didn t go to the park yesterday.4）陳述句 改一般疑問句 有 be 動詞或情態(tài)動詞的，把be 動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前。Mary was at school yesterday. > Was Mary at school yesterday?I can make a model plane. > Can you make a model pl

16、ane? 不含 be 動詞或情態(tài)動詞的句子，借助助動詞開頭，動詞還原成原形。He likes drawing pictures. >Does he like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday.>Did you go to the park yesterday?2、疑問句用來提出問題，詢問情況的句子，末尾用問號。1）一般疑問句：一般疑問句常用來詢問一件事是否屬實，通常以be動詞開頭，用yes 或 no 來回答，因此又叫是非疑問句，通常讀升調(diào)。Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes ， he is. / No

17、，he isn t.Do you have any hobbies?Yes ， I do. / No ， I don t.Can you play the guitar? Yes ， I can. / No ，I can t.動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)2）特殊疑問句： 以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)，要求回答具體問題，不能用do you go to work every day?I go to work by car.yes或no來回答。 How3）選擇疑問句：提供兩種或兩種以上情況，讓對方選擇，往往用or連接。 Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, ple

18、ase.4）反意疑問句 ：反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。 It s a fine day, isnYestit?,it is. 3、祈使句表示請求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。1）用于 第二人稱 ，通常省略you 。 肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. 否定祈使句： Dont be late again.2）用于 第一人稱 和第三人稱 ，通常以let （let 后跟賓格）或shall 開頭。Let me have a look.Let s play a game now.Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?4、感嘆句表達喜怒哀樂等強烈感情，句尾常用感嘆號（!），語氣用降調(diào)。1） what +名詞或名詞性短語What a big garden (it is)!What an interes